The application of an undiluted paraffin extract of pyrethrum for controlling Antestia and Lygus simonyi on coffee trees is described.

(1) The spray is applied with a small hand “ atomiser,” using 20 cc. of extract to a tree, and spraying under a cloth cover.

(2) Tables are given with detailed figures in which the different methods of application may be compared. The kill of Antestia brought down by the most favourable method is 99%.

(3) The proportion of insects brought down by the spray is in the neighbourhood of 96%. It appears that in practice a kill not much below 95% should be possible.

(4) Of the Lygus on trees sprayed, 99% were brought down and the kill of these was complete.

(5) The method is a dual control for Antestia and Lygus, and examples are given of trees sprayed when both these insects were present in serious numbers.

(6) An experimental field spraying against Lygus is described in detail. It was shown that the numbers of Lygus could be kept below two to a tree by this spraying, and the proportion of fruit set on the sprayed block to that on the control was 3 : 2, indicating an increase of about 8 cwt. an acre.

(7) The technique of the experimental sprayings, by which the detailed figures in the tables were obtained, is described. It is believed that these methods will be of more extended value in the experimental testing of sprays in the field.

In this paper, an attempt has been made to describe the external morphology of eight species of larvae belonging to the family Anobiidae with a view to constructing keys for the identification of these larvae and providing descriptions by which identification can be definitely confirmed. Two keys have been drawn up for use according to whether whole larvae or mounted preparations of parts of larvae are being examined. Notes have been added at the end of the description of each larva giving particulars as to its habitat and points for comparison from the descriptions of other workers.

One point of interest that arises from the foregoing descriptions is that Hedobia, which has usually in the past been classified as a member of the family Ptinidae is definitely an Anobiid when the structure of the larva is considered.

In conclusion, I should like to thank Mr. R. S. Pearson, C.I.E., F.L.S., Director, Forest Products Research, for permission to publish this report.

1. More than twenty new forms and variations of tsetse traps are described in this paper for trial, and rejection or improvement, by other investigators. The species of tsetse-flies that they have been tested against have been palpalis, pallidipes, morsitans and swynnertoni.

2. The reactions of the various tsetse-flies to different forms of trap vary in a marked manner. Thus a trap (the Harris) that is excellent for pallidipes has appeared less good, though fair, for palpalis, poor (except at one season) for morsitans, and useless for swynnertoni. Another (the SS and the SSB) is particularly excellent for palpalis, excellent for pallidipes, mediocre for swynnertoni, and perfectly useless for morsilans.

3. Tsetses, pallidipes in particular of the two species tested, have been found to react also most strongly to the scent of an invisible animal placed in a trap. It is not known yet whether this attracts at a distance or is merely a close-range attraction, inciting the flies that have arrived in any case to such effort as takes them in larger numbers into the traps, but the latter does undoubtedly happen.

4. If the attraction be long-range, the flies do not readily distinguish between the source of the odour and conspicuous objects within its range. They go to and into a trap, even a trap that usually does not catch them, in greatly enhanced numbers when cattle are in its neighbourhood.

Much of the first part of this paper is in the nature of a continuation of the work previously published by the author. (Bull. Ent. Res., xxi, 1930, pp. 201–256). For this reason only a brief description can be given of the locality, vegetation, game, and fly-round methods ; those desiring a fuller knowledge on these subjects are referred to the above-mentioned paper. Again, a certain amount of repetition has been unavoidable. Some results obtained from only one year's observation have now been confirmed during a period of four and a-half years, and so have been given again. It is felt that this repetition is justifiable as the results in question are of special value, in that they are derived from four and a-half years continuous observation upon the same fly-belt, the method employed being constant throughout the whole period.

The writer is in charge of Kikori Entomological Station, which he opened in March 1928 ; nine months later he was joined by his assistant Captain V. A. C. Findlay.

The native village of Kikori is situated at the foot of the Masai escarpment, which bounds the Masai Steppe on the west. Kikori lies about 45 miles north of Kondoa-Irangi (the principal centre of the district), its approximate bearings being Latitude 4° 21′ S. and Longitude 33° 19′E. ; its elevation is 4,158 feet above sea-level.