Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T01:04:21.083Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Autecology, feeding preferences and reproductive biology of Chorthippus (Glyptobothrus) vagans (Eversmann, 1848) (Orthoptera: Gomphocerinae) in Mediterranean ecosystems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2016

A.M. Cárdenas ,
P. Gallardo ,
L. Moyano  and
J.J. Presa
A.M. Cárdenas*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, E-14071, Spain
P. Gallardo
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, E-14071, Spain
L. Moyano
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, E-14071, Spain
J.J. Presa
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30100, Spain
*
*Author for correspondence Tel/Fax: +34 957 218604 E-mail: ba1cataa@uco.es
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Chorthippus vagans is a common species of Gomphocerinae (Orthoptera) on the Iberian Peninsula. It is endangered in Central Europe where information about its ecological requirements is available; however, aspects of its biology are almost unknown in Mediterranean ecosystems, where it is widespread and common. The focus of this study was to determine how C. vagans adjusts its biology to environmental features of this ecosystem and to interpret how it may be affected by the ecological changes related to the re-vegetation programme linked to the construction of the Breña dam (SW Spain). The research parameters included the autoecology, feeding response and some aspects of reproduction of this species in the Southern Iberian Peninsula. To determine the local distribution and phenology of C. vagans, monthly samplings were conducted (2007–2010) in 12 sampling plots. For the food selection tests, ten nymphs and ten adults were placed individually in insectaries under controlled conditions. Grasses (Lolium sp.) and shrubs (Cistus sp.) were supplied ad libitum in two types of tests, monospecific and mixed diet. The reproductive biology was analysed by both observations of anatomical structures (integument, bristles, tibial spines, tarsal claws and mandibles) and ovarian dissections of 29 females and in laboratory rearing experiments with 15 pairs of adults. The results indicate that C. vagans shows an extended activity period which peaks at the end of summer. It is a polyphagous grasshopper, although adults show a slight preference for grasses. In addition, it is a univoltine species with spring–summer breeding activity.

Keywords

Chorthippus vagansfeeding preferencesMediterranean ecosystemsOrthopterareproductive biology
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 107 , Issue 1 , February 2017 , pp. 21 - 31
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aguirre, A. & Pascual, F. (1988) Ortópteros del Sureste almeriense. II. Fenología. Actas II Congreso Ibérico de Entomología, pp. 431–440. Sevilla.Google Scholar
Arnqvist, G. & Nilsson, T. (2000) The evolution of polyandry: multiple mating and female fitness in insects. Animal Behaviour 60, 145–164.Google Scholar
Atkinson, D. & Begon, M. (1987) Reproductive variation and adult size in two co-occurring grasshopper species. Ecological Entomology 12, 119–127.Google Scholar
Badih, A., Hidalgo, J., Ballesta, M., Ruano, F. & Tinaut, A. (1997) Distribution and phenology of a community of Orthoptera (Insecta) in a dune ecosystem of the southeastern Iberian Peninsula. Zoologica baetica 8, 31–42.Google Scholar
Bakker, W., Bouwman, J., Brekelmans, F., Colijn, E., Felix, R., Grutters, M., Kerkhof, W. & Kleukers, R. (2015) De Nederlandse sprinkhanen en krekels (Orthoptera). EIS Leiden, Series: Entomologische Tabellen 8.Google Scholar
Bardi, C., Mariottini, Y., De Wysiecki, M.L. & Lange, C.E. (2011) Desarrollo post-embrionario, fecundidad y consumo de alimento de Dichroplus exilis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) bajo condiciones controladas. Revista de Biología Tropical 59(4), 1579–1587.Google Scholar
Beckmann, B.C., Purse, B.V., Roy, D.B., Roy, H.E., Sutton, P.G. & Thomas, C.D. (2015) Two species with an unusual combination of traits dominate responses of British grasshoppers and crickets to environmental change. PLoS ONE 10(6), 1–25.Google Scholar
Bellinger, R.G. & Pienkowski, R.L. (1985) Interspecific variation in ovariole number in Melanopline Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 78(1), 127–130.Google Scholar
Berg, H.M., Bieringer, G. & Zechner, L. (2005) Rote Liste der Heuschrecken (Orthoptera) Österreichs. pp. 167–209 in Zulka, K.P. (Ed) Rote Listen gefahrdeter Tiere Osterreichs. Checklisten, Gefahrdungsanalysen, Handlungsbedarf. Teil 1. Grijne Reihe des Lebensministeriums, Bd. 1411, Wien.Google Scholar
Braschler, B., Marini, L., Thommen, G.H. & Baur, B. (2009) Effects of small-scale grassland fragmentation and frequent mowing on population density and species diversity of Orthopterans: a long-term study. Ecological Entomology 34, 321–329.Google Scholar
Bright, K.L. & Bernays, E.A. (1991) Distinctive flavors influence mixing of nutritionally identical foods by grasshoppers. Chemical Senses 16(4), 329–336.Google Scholar
Cabrero, J. & Camacho, J.P.M. (1987) Population cytogenetics of Chorthippus vagans. I. Polymorphisms for pericentric inversion and for heterochromatin deletion. Genome 29(2), 280–284.Google Scholar
Cárdenas, A.M. & Bach, C. (1989) The effect of some abiotic factors on the distribution and selection of habitat by the Carabid Beetles in the Central Sierra Morena Mountains (SW Córdoba. Spain). Vie et Milieu 39(2), 93–103.Google Scholar
Cárdenas, A.M. & Bach, C. (1992) Primeros datos sobre la biología de reproducción y desarrollo larvario de Macrothorax rugosus Fabricius, 1792 (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Zoologica baetica 3, 139–146.Google Scholar
Cárdenas, A.M. & Gallardo, P. (2012) The effect of temperature on the preimaginal development of the Jewel beetle Coraebus florentinus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). European Journal of Entomology 109, 21–28.Google Scholar
Carter, M.R., Macrae, I.V., Logan, J.A. & Holtzer, T.O. (1998) Population model for Melanoplus sanguinipes (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and an analysis of grasshopper population fluctuations in Colorado. Population Ecology 27(4), 892–901.Google Scholar
Cebada, E. & Novoa, F. (1985) Los Ortópteros del Valle de Ulla. II. Estudio de las poblaciones en relación con la vegetación. Boletín de la Asociación española de Entomología 9, 5–14.Google Scholar
Cerro, A.L. & Santos, J.L. (1995) Synapsis in grasshopper bivalents heterozygous for centric shifts. Genome 38(3), 616–622.Google Scholar
Chen, H.H., Zhao, Y.X. & Kang, L. (2003) Antennal sensilla of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in relation to food preferences and habits. Journal of Biosciences 28(6), 743–752.Google Scholar
Da Silva, F.R.J., Marques, M.I., Battirola, L.D. & Lhano, M.G. (2010) Fenologia de Cornops aquaticum (Bruner) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) em Eichhornia azurea (Pontederiaceae) no Norte do Pantanal de Mato Grosso. Neotropical Entomology 39(4), 535–542.Google Scholar
Edwards, B. (2011) The Grasshoppers, Bush-crickets and Allies of Dorset. Dorset, UK, Dorset Environmental Records Centre.Google Scholar
Elamin, A.E.H., Abdalla, A.M. & El Naim, A.M. (2014) The Biology of Senegalense Grasshopper (Oedalus senegalensis, 1877) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). International Journal of Advances in Life Science and Technology 1(1), 6–45.Google Scholar
Franzke, A., Unsicker, S.B., Specht, J., Köhler, G. & Weisser, W.W. (2010) Being a generalist herbivore in a diverse world: how do diets from different grassland influence food plant selection and fitness of the grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus? Ecological Entomology 35, 126–138.Google Scholar
Gallardo, P. (2011) Incidencia de Coleópteros perforadores en formaciones de Quercíneas del suroeste peninsular: evaluación de daños y propuestas para la conservación. Dissertation, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.Google Scholar
Gallardo, P., Cárdenas, A.M. & Gaju, M. (2010) Occurrence of Reticulitermes grassei (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) on cork oaks in the southern Iberian Peninsula: identification, description and incidence of the damage. Sociobiology 56, 675–687.Google Scholar
Gangwere, S.K. (1990) Food selection in the Acridoidea, or grasshoppers, of the Sierra de Cazorla (Spain). Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal: Plagas 20, 287–290.Google Scholar
García, M.D. (1984) Estudio faunístico y ecológico de los Acridoidea (Orth. Insecta) de Sierra Espuña (Murcia). Murcia, Spain, Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia.Google Scholar
García, M.D. & Presa, J.J. (1985) Estudio faunístico y taxonómico de los Caelifera (Orthoptera: Insecta) de Sierra Espuña (Murcia, SE de España). Anales de Biología 3 (Biología Animal, 1), 55–79.Google Scholar
Gardiner, T. & Hill, J. (2006) A comparison of three sampling techniques used to estimate the population density and assemblage diversity of Orthoptera. Journal of Orthoptera Research 15(1), 45–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gómez, R. & Presa, J.J. (1990) Evolución anual de una comunidad de Ortópteros en un Tobaral (Onopordum nervosum) de la provincia de Albacete. Al-Basit- Revista de Estudios Albacetenses 27, 65–85.Google Scholar
Gómez, R., Presa, J.J. & García, M.D. (1992) Estudio faunístico y ecológico de los Caelifera (Orthoptera: Insecta) de la sierra de Taibilla (Albacete). Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, Colección Ciencia y Técnica, Ediciones de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.Google Scholar
Guendouz-Benrima, A., Doumandji-Mitiche, B. & Petit, D. (2011) Effects of weak climatic variation on assemblages and life cycles of Orthoptera in North Algeria. Journal of Arid Environments 75, 416–423.Google Scholar
Han, B. & Denlinger, D.L. (2009) Mendelian inheritance of pupal diapause in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata . Journal of Heredity 100, 251–255.Google Scholar
Hernández, A., Clemente, M.E., García, M.D. & Presa, J.J. (1998) Inventario y dinámica poblacional de los ortopteroides (Orthoptera, Blattoptera, Mantodea y Phasmoptera) del parque natural del “Carrascal de la Font Roja” (Alicante, E. España). Zoologica Baetica 9, 185–204.Google Scholar
Hochkirch, A., Gärtner, A.C. & Brandt, T. (2008) Effects of forest-dune ecotone management on the endangered heath grasshopper, Chorthippus vagans (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 98, 449–456.Google Scholar
Hodin, J. (2009) She shapes events as they come: plasticity in female insects reproduction. pp. 423–521 in Whitman, D.W. & Ananthakrishnan, T.N. (Eds) Phenotypic Plasticity of Insects: Mechanisms and Consequences. USA, Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Ingrisch, S. (1983) Zum Einfluß der Feuchte auf die Schlupfrate und Entwicklungsdauer der Eier mitteleuropäischer Feldheuschrecken (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 30, 1–15.Google Scholar
Ingrisch, S. & Köhler, G. (1998) Die Heuschrecken Mitteleuropas. Magdeburg, Westarp Wissenschaften.Google Scholar
Isern, J. (1992) Ecología de los Ortópteros en pastos del Pirineo Occidental . Dissertation, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.Google Scholar
Jaulin, S. & Baillet, Y. (2007) Identification et suivi des peuplements de Lépidoptères et d'Orthoptères sur l'ENS du Col du Coq – Pravouta. Perpignan, Rapport d’étude de l'OPIE-LR.Google Scholar
Joern, A. & Lawlor, L.R. (1980) Food and microhabitat utilization by grasshoppers from arid grasslands: comparisons with neutral models. Ecology 61(3), 591–599.Google Scholar
Joern, A. & Lawlor, L.R. (1981) Guild structure in grasshopper assemblages based on food and microhabitat resources. Oikos 37(1), 93–104.Google Scholar
Karpakakunjaram, M., Kolatkar, M.D. & Muralirangan, M.C. (2002) Effects of abiotic factors on the population of acridid grasshopper, Diabolocatantops pinguis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) at two sites in southern India: a three-year study. Journal of Orthoptera Research 11, 55–62.Google Scholar
Kaufmann, T. (1965) Biological studies on some Bavarian Acridoidea (Orthoptera), with special reference to their feeding habits. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 58(6), 791–801.Google Scholar
Kleukers, R.M.J.C., Van Nieukerken, E.J., Odé, B., Willemse, L.P.M. & Van Wingerden, W.K.R.E. (1997) De sprinkhanen en krekels van Nederland (Orthoptera). Nederlandse Fauna 1. Leiden, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, KNNV-Uitgeverij & EIS-Nederland.Google Scholar
Köhler, G. & Brodhun, H.P. (1987) Untersuchungen zur Populationsdynamik zentraleuropäischer Feldheuschrecken (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Zoologische Jahrbücher 114, 157–191.Google Scholar
Köhler, G., Jentzsch, A. & Reinhardt, K. (2000) Age-related mandible abrasion in three species of short-horned grasshoppers (Caelifera, Acrididae). Journal of Orthoptera Research 9, 81–87.Google Scholar
Kriegbaum, H. (1997) Grasshopper reproductive strategies measured in the field: a tradeoff between age at maturity and egg production per day. Naturwissenschaften 84, 157–159.Google Scholar
Kurth, S. (2007) Planning a migration corridor for the highly endangered grasshopper Chorthippus pullus (Orthoptera, Acrididae) in the Rottensand (Pfynwald, VS): biodiversity aspects. Dissertation, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Litvaitis, J.A. (2000) Investigating food habits of terrestrial vertebrates. pp. 165–190 in Boitani, L. & Fuller, T.K. (Eds) Research Techniques in Animal Ecology. Controversies and Consequences. New York, Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Llucià-Pomares, D. (2002) Revisión de los Ortópteros (Insecta: Orthoptera) de Cataluña (España). Zaragoza, Monografías SEA, Volume 7.Google Scholar
Llucià-Pomares, D. & Fernández-Ortín, D. (2009) Estudio faunístico y ecológico preliminar de los Ortópteros (Orthoptera) del Parque Nacional de Monfragüe y zona periférica de protección (Cáceres, España). Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 44, 247–294.Google Scholar
Llucià-Pomares, D., Íñiguez, J. & Quiñones, J. (2009) Primera contribución al conocimiento de la ortopterofauna (Insecta: Orthoptera) del Parque Natural de la Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga, Sur de la Península Ibérica). Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa 45, 163–172.Google Scholar
Lock, K., Adriaens, T., Devreise, H., San Martin, G. & Decleer, K. (2011) Updated Red Lists of the grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera) in Flanders, Brussels and Wallonia. Bulletin S.R.B.E/K.B.V.E, 147, 211–245.Google Scholar
Maas, H., Detzel, P. & Staudt, A. (2011) Rote Liste und Gesamtartenliste der Heuschrecken (Saltatoria) Deutschlands. 2. Fassung, Stand Ende 2007. Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 70(3), 537–606.Google Scholar
Massa, B., Fontana, P., Buzzetti, F.M., Kleukers, R. & Odé, B. (2013) Fauna d'Italia, 48. Orthoptera. Italia, Ed. Calderini.Google Scholar
Michel, A.A. & Terán, H.R. (2006) Cría en cautiverio de Baeacris punctulatus (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae). Acta Zoológica Lilloana 50(1–2), 131–134.Google Scholar
Mulkern, G.B. (1967) Food selection by grasshoppers. Annual Review of Entomology 12, 59–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muralirangan, M.C. & Muralirangan, M. (1985) Physico-chemical factors in the acridid feeding behaviour (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences (Animal Sciences) 94(3), 283–294.Google Scholar
Neumann, D. (1986) Life cycle strategies of an intertidal midge between subtropic and arctic latitudes. pp. 3–19 in Taylor, F. & Karban, R. (Eds) The Evolution of Insects Life Cycles. New York, Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Olmo-Vidal, J.M. (2002) Atlas de los Ortópteros de Cataluña. Barcelona, Departament de Mediambient, Generalitat de Catalunya.Google Scholar
O'Neill, K.M., Olson, B.E., Rolston, M.G., Wallander, R., Larson, D.P. & Seibert, C.E. (2003) Effects of livestock grazing on rangeland grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) abundance. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 97, 51–64.Google Scholar
Otte, D. & Joern, A. (1977) On feeding patterns in desert grasshoppers and the evolution of specialized diets. Transactions Philadelphia Academy Science 128, 89–126.Google Scholar
Pardo, J.E. & Gómez, R. (1995) Orthopteroidea de los sistemas montañosos de Castilla-La Mancha (España). III. Caelifera. Anales de Biología 20 (Biología Animal, 9), 7–46.Google Scholar
Picaud, F., Bonnet, E., Gloaguen, V. & Petit, D. (2003) Decision making for food choice by grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae): comparison between a specialist species on a shrubby legume and three Graminivorous species. Environmental Entomology 32(3), 680–688.Google Scholar
Pinilla, R. (2006) Plan de Ordenación de Recursos Naturales. Plan Rector de Uso y Gestión. Parque Natural de la Sierra de Hornachuelos. Sevilla, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía.Google Scholar
Presa, J.J., Montes, C. & Ramírez-Díaz, L. (1983) Tipificación de poblaciones de saltamontes (Orth. Acrididae) en relación con la altitud, pisos y tipos de vegetación en la Sierra de Guadarrama (Sistema Central, España). Boletín de la Asociación española de Entomología 6(2), 249–265.Google Scholar
Proess, R. & Meyer, M. (2003) Rote Liste der Heuschrecken Luxemburgs. Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois 104, 57–66.Google Scholar
Quesada-Moraga, E. & Santiago-Álvarez, C. (2001) Assessment of sexual maturation in the Moroccan locust Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunberg). Journal of Orthoptera Research 10(1), 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsay, G.W. (1964) Moult number in Orthoptera. New Zealand Journal of Science 7, 644–666.Google Scholar
Rauh, M. (2003) Steppengrashüpfer. pp. 282–284 in Schlumprecht, H. & Waeber, G. (Eds) Die Heuschrecken in Bayern. Stuttgart, Ulmer Verlag.Google Scholar
Richards, O.W. & Waloff, N. (1954) Studies on the biology and population dynamics of British grasshoppers. Anti-Locust Bulletin 17, 1–182.Google Scholar
Savitsky, V.Y. (2010) Trophic relationships and their importance for biotic distribution of grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Acridoidea) in semi-deserts and deserts of the lower Volga River area. Entomological Review 30(7), 830–856.Google Scholar
Schirmel, J., Blindow, I. & Fartmann, T. (2010) The importance of habitat mosaics for Orthoptera (Caelifera and Ensifera) in dry heathlands. European Journal of Entomology 107, 129–132.Google Scholar
Sheldon, J.K. & Rogers, L.E. (1978) Grasshopper food habitats within a shrub-steppe community. Oecologia 32(1), 85–92.Google Scholar
Smith, T.R. & Capinera, J.L. (2005) Mandibular morphology of some Floridian grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Florida Entomologist 88(2), 204–207.Google Scholar
Southwood, T.R.E. (1987) Plant variety and its interactions with herbivorous insects in Proceeding of the 6th International Symposium of Insects-plants Relationships, Pau, France.Google Scholar
SPSS Inc. (2011) SPSS 20.0 for Windows Use Manual (version 20.0). New York, USA.Google Scholar
Steiner, A. (2006) Contributions to the nutritional ecology of the endangered grasshopper Chorthippus pullus (Philippi 1830) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Dissertation, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Sundberg, S.V., Luong-Skovmand, M.H. & Whitman, D.W. (2001) Morphology and development of oocyte and follicle resorption bodies in the Lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera (Beauvois). Journal of Orthoptera Research 10(1), 39–51.Google Scholar
Sutton, P.G. (2015) A review of the Orthoptera (Grasshoppers and Crickets) and allied species of Great Britain Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Dermaptera, Phasmida Species Status, 21. Natural England Commissioned Report NECR187.Google Scholar
Tanaka, S. & Okuda, T. (1996) Effect of photoperiod on sexual maturation, fat content and respiration rate in adult Locusta migratoria . Japanese Journal of Entomology 64, 420–428.Google Scholar
Tanaka, S. & Zhu, D.H. (2008) Geographic variation in embryonic diapause, cold-hardiness and life cycles in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in China. Entomological Science 11, 327–339.Google Scholar
Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., Obrycki, J.J., Gollands, B. & Wright, R.J. (1988) Geographical variation in response to photoperiod and temperature by Leptinotarsa decemlineata during and after dormancy. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 81, 764–773.Google Scholar
Taylor, B.J. & Whitman, D.W. (2010) A test of three hypotheses for ovariole number determination in the grasshopper Romalea microptera . Physiological Entomology 35, 214–221.Google Scholar
Telfer, M.G. & Hassall, M. (1999) Ecotypic differentiation in the grasshopper Chorthippus brunneus: life history varies in relation to climate. Oecologia 121, 245–254.Google Scholar
Tews, J., Brose, U., Grimm, V., Tielböger, K., Wichmann, M.C., Schwager, M. & Jeltsch, F. (2004) Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity/diversity: the importance of keystone structures. Journal of Biogeography 31, 79–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres, J.A. & Ruiz, J.M. (2009) La Sierra de Hornachuelos. Almuzara, Colección Naturaleza y Medio Ambiente.Google Scholar
Treiber, R. (1998) Chorthippus vagans . pp. 479–486 in Detzel, P. (Ed) Die Heuschrecken Baden-Württembergs. Stuttgart, Ulmer Verlag.Google Scholar
Treiber, R. (2001) Freilandbeobachtungen zur Nahrungsaufnahme bei Heuschrecken. Articulata 16(1/2), 69–74.Google Scholar
Tscharntke, T., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Kruess, A. & Thies, C. (2002) Characteristics of insect populations on habitat fragments: a mini review. Ecological Research 17, 229–239.Google Scholar
Uvarov, B.P. (1966) Grasshoppers and Locust. A Handbook of General Acridology, Volume 1. UK, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Uvarov, B.P. (1977) Grasshoppers and Locust. A Handbook of General Acridology, Volume II. London, UK, Centre for Overseas Pest Research.Google Scholar
Van Huizen, T.H.P. (1980) Bouw van loopkevers en algemene technieken van onderzoek. U.N. Biologisch Statation Wijster, Afd. Zoölogie, Wageningen, Landbouwhogeschool.Google Scholar
Vieira, R. (1989) Régimen alimenticio y consumo de gramíneas y brezos en adultos de Aiolopus strepens (Latreille, 1804) y Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt, 1821) (Orthoptera: Acrididae): un estudio comparado. Boletín de la Asociación española de Entomología 13, 343–352.Google Scholar
Voisin, J.F. (2003) Atlas des Orthoptères (Insecta: Orthoptera) et des Mantides (Insecta: Mantodea) de France. Patrimoines Naturels 60, 1–104.Google Scholar
Waloff, N. (1950) The egg pods of British short-horned grasshoppers (Acrididae). pp. 115–126 in Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series A, General Entomology, London, UK.Google Scholar
Wall, R. & Begon, M. (1987) Population density, phenotype and reproductive output in the grasshopper Chorthippus brunneus . Ecological Entomology 12, 331–339.Google Scholar
Williams, L.H. (1954) The feeding habits and food preferences of Acrididae and the factors which determine them. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 105(Pt.18), 423–454.Google Scholar
Wingerden, W.K.R.E., Musters, J.C.M. & Maaskamp, F.I.M. (1991) The influence of temperature on the duration of egg development in West European grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Oecologia 87, 417–423.Google Scholar
Wunder, U.K. (2001) Einfluss von Habitatstrukturen auf das Vorkommen von Heuschrecken (Orthoptera: Saltatoria) im Pfynwald (VS) . Dissertation, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Zhu, D.H., Cui, S.S., Fan, Y.S. & Liu, Z. (2013) Adaptive strategies of overwintering adults: reproductive diapause and mating behavior in a grasshopper, Stenocatantops splendens (Orthoptera: Catantopidae). Insect Science 20, 235–244.Google Scholar