Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-2h6rp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-24T20:59:42.841Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Longevity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2018

David N. Logue
Affiliation:
SAC Veterinary Services (Ayr), SAC, West Mains Road Edinburgh, UK
Alistair W. Stott
Affiliation:
Land Economy Group (Aberdeen), SAC, West Mains Road Edinburgh, UK
John Santarossa
Affiliation:
Land Economy Group (Ayr), SAC, West Mains Road Edinburgh, UK
George J. Gunn
Affiliation:
SAC Veterinary Services (Inverness), SAC, West Mains Road Edinburgh, UK
Jill E. Offer
Affiliation:
SAC Veterinary Services (Ayr), SAC, West Mains Road Edinburgh, UK
Get access

Extract

Investigations of culling and particularly involuntary culling (“functional” longevity) have often used different criteria on herds of varying size in different regions and with divergent average milk outputs (Young, Waddington, Sales, Bradley and Spooner, 1983; Esslemont and Kossaibati, 1997; Forbes, Gayton and McGeogh, 1999; Whitaker Kelly and Smith, 2000; Figure 1). Thus the evidence of increasing or decreasing culling for any particular entity is uncertain.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alban, L., Lawson, L.G. and Agger, J.F. (1995) Foul in the foot (interdigital necrobacillosis) in Danish dairy cows - frequency and possible risk factors. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 24, 7382.Google Scholar
Anon. (1997) Report on the Welfare of the Dairy Cow. Farm Animal Welfare Council, MAFF Publication, Tolworth, UK, 195.Google Scholar
Anon (2002) Preparing an Animal Health and Welfare Strategy for Great Britain. A consultation document by UK Government, the Scottish Executive and the National Assmbly for Wales. DEFRA, UK, 119.Google Scholar
Argaez-Rodriguez, F. de, J., Hird, D.W., Hernandez, J. de, A., Read, D.H. and Rodriguez-Lainz, A. (1997) Papillomatous digital dermatitis on a commercial dairy farm in Mexicali, Mexico: incidence and effect on reproduction and milk production. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 32, 275286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arkins, S. (1981) Lameness in dairy cows. Irish Veterinary Journal 35, 135141 & 163–170.Google Scholar
Bergsten, C. and Herlin, A.H. (1995) Sole haemorrhages and heel horn erosion in dairy cows: the influence of housing system on their prevalence and severity. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 37, 395408.Google Scholar
Boyd, H. and Reed, H.C.B. (1961a) Investigations into the incidence and causes of infertility in dairy cattle-fertility variations. British Veterinary Journal 117, 1835.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, H. and Reed, H.C.B. (1961b) Investigations into the incidence and causes of infertility in dairy cattle-influence of some management factors affecting the semen and insemination conditions. British Veterinary Journal 117, 7486.Google Scholar
Butler, W. R. (2001) Nutritional effects on resumption of ovarian cyclicity and conception rate in postpartum dairy cows. In: Fertility in the High Producing Dairy Cow. Occasional Publication No. 26 (Volume 1), Edited by Diskin, M.G., British Society of Animal Science, pp. 133145.Google Scholar
Chesterton, R.N., Pfeiffer, D.U., Morris, R.S., Tanner, C.M. (1989) Environmental and behavioural factors affecting the prevalence of foot lameness in New Zealand dairy herds - a case-control study. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 37, 135142.Google Scholar
Clarkson, M.J., Downham, D.Y., Faull, W.B., Hughes, J.W., Manson, F.J., Merrit, J.B., Murray, R.D., Russell, W.B., Sutherst, J. and Ward, W.R. (1996) Incidence and prevalence of lameness in dairy cattle. Veterinary Record 138, 563567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collick, D.W., Ward, W.R. and Dobson, H. (1989) Association between types of lameness and fertility. Veterinary Record 125, 103106.Google Scholar
Cromie, A.R., Gordon, F.J., Kelleher, D.L. and Rath, M. (1998) Harnessing genetics for better profit. In: Proceedings of the Northern Ireland Dairy conference, Antrim, UK, Edited by Gordon, F. and McIroy, G., pp. 4959.Google Scholar
Eshraghi, H.R., Zeitlin, I.J., Fitzpatrick, J., Ternent, T.H. and Logue, D.N. (1999) The release of Bradykinin in bovine mastitis. Life Sciences 64, 16751687.Google Scholar
Esslemont, R.J. and Kossaibati, M.A. (1997) Culling in 50 dairy herds in England. Veterinary Record 140, 3639.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faye, B. and Lescourret, F. (1989) Environmental factors associated with lameness in dairy cattle. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 7, 267287.Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, J. L., Young, F. J., Eckersall, D., Logue, D.N., Knight, C.J. and Nolan, A. (1998) Recognising and controlling pain and inflammation in mastitis. British Mastitis Conference 1998, pp. 3644.Google Scholar
Forbes, D., Gayton, S. and McGeogh, B. (1999) Improving the longevity of cows in the UK dairy herd. Milk Development Council Longevity Report 97/R1/12, Final Report August 1999, pp. 124.Google Scholar
Gunn, G. Stott, A.W., Humphry, R. Jones, G. (2000) Estimating the economic losses associated with BVD infection in the UK dairy herd. Final Report, Milk Development Council Project No: 99/ R4/01.Google Scholar
Harris, D.J., Hibburt, C.D., Anderson, G.A., Younis, P.J., Fitzpatrick, D.H., Dunn, A.C., Parsons, I W. and McBeath, N.R. (1988) The incidence, cost and factors associated with foot lameness in dairycattle in south-western Victoria. Australian Veterinary Journal 65, 171176.Google Scholar
Harvey, D. (2001) Whither Agriculture? Farm Management 10, 751772.Google Scholar
Hernandez, J., Shearer, J.K. and Webb, D.W. (2001) Effect of lameness on the calving-to-conception interval in dairy cows. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 218, 16111614.Google Scholar
Hirst, W.M. Le Fevre, A.M., Logue, D.N., Offer, J.E. Chaplin, S.J., Murray, R.D., Ward, W.R., French, N.P. (2002) Systematic Review of Lameness in Cattle. The Veterinary Journal 164, 719.Google Scholar
Huang, Y.C., Shanks, R.D. and McCoy, G.C. (1995) Evaluation of fixed factors affecting hoof health. Livestock Production Science 44, 115124 Google Scholar
Knight, C., Beever, D.E. and Sorensen, A. (1999) Metabolic loads to be expected from different genotypes under different systems. In: Metabolic Stress in the Dairy Cow. Occasional Publication No. 24, Edited by Oldham, J.D., Simm, G., Green, A.F., Neilsen, B.L., Pryce, J.E. and Lawrence, T.L.J, British Society of Animal Science, pp. 2735.Google Scholar
Knight, C.H., Fitzpatrick, J.L., Logue, D.N., Platt, D.J. Robertson, S. and Ternent, H.E. (2000) Efficacy of two non-antibiotic therapies oxytocin and topical liniment against experimentally-induced Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Veterinary Record 146, 311316.Google Scholar
Kossaibati, M.A. and Esslemont, R.J. (1997) The costs of production disease in dairy herds in England. The Veterinary Journal 154, 4151.Google Scholar
Larsen, H.D., Sloth, K.H., Elsberg, C., Enevoldsen, C., Pedersen, L.H., Eriksen, N.H.R., Aarestrup, F.M. and Jensen, N.E. (2000) The dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection in nine Danish dairy herds. Veterinary Microbiology 71, 89101.Google Scholar
Le Fevre, A.M. (2003) Modelling and understanding claw horn lesions of dairy cattle. PhD Thesis, University of Strathclyde, UK.Google Scholar
Le Fevre, A.M., Hirst, W.M., French, N.P., Offer, J.E., Brocklehurst, S., Gibbs, A., Laven, R., Gettinby, G. and Logue, D.N. (2002) Using a systematic review of lameness in dairy cattle to develop an intervention study. In: Proceedings of the Society of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, pp. 167177.Google Scholar
Leonard, F.C., Crilly, J. and O’Farrell, K.J. (1998) Analysis of roadway surfaces on dairy farms and the relationship with lameness. In: 10th Symposium on Lameness in Dairy Cattle. Edited by Lischer, Ch.J. and Ossent, P., pp 7375.Google Scholar
Leonard, F.C., O’Connell, J. and O’Farrell, K. (1995) Effect of overcrowding on claw health in first-calved Friesian heifers. British Veterinary Journal 152, 459472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leonard, F.C., O’Connell, J. and O’Farrell, K. (1994) Effect of different housing conditions on behaviour and foot lesions in Friesian heifers. Veterinary Record 134, 490494.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindhe, B. and Philipson, J. (2001) The Scandinavian experience of including reproductive traits in breeding programmes. In: Fertility in the High Producing Dairy Cow. Occasional Publication No. 26 (Volume 1), Edited by Diskin, M.G., British Society of Animal Science, pp 251261.Google Scholar
Livesey, C.T., Harrington, T., Johnston, A.M., May, S.A. and Metcalf, J.A. (1998) The effect of diet and housing on the development of sole haemorrhages, white line haemorrhages and heel erosions in Holstein heifers. Animal Science 67, 916.Google Scholar
Livesey, C.T. and Fleming, F.L. (1984) Nutritional influences on laminitis, sole ulcer and bruised sole in Friesian cows. Veterinary Record 114, 510512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Logue, D.N. (2002) A preliminary review of the effects of environment and behaviour on lameness in the dairy cow. In: 12th International Symposium on Lameness in Ruminants. Edited by Shearer, J.K., pp. 1826.Google Scholar
Logue, D.N. and Isbister, J. (1992) Bull infertility. In: Bovine Medicine. Edited by Andrews, A.H., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK, pp. 482507.Google Scholar
Logue, D.N., Berry, R.J., Offer, J.E., Chaplin, S.J., Crawshaw, W.M., Leach, K.A., Ball, P.J.H. and Bax, J. (1999) Consequences of “metabolic load” for lameness and disease. In: Metabolic Stress in the Dairy Cow. Occasional Publication No. 24, Edited by Oldham, J.D., Simm, G., Green, A.F., Neilsen, B.L., Pryce, J.E. and Lawrence, T.L.J, British Society of Animal Science, pp 8398.Google Scholar
Lucey, M.C. and Crooker, B.A. (2001) Physiological and genetic differences between low and high index dairy cows. In: Fertility in the High Producing Dairy Cow. Occasional Publication No. 26 (Volume 1), Edited by Diskin, M.G., British Society of Animal Science, pp223236.Google Scholar
Manske, T., Hultgren, J. and Bergsten, C. (2002) The effect of claw trimming on the hoof health of Swedish dairy cattle. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 54, 113129.Google Scholar
Manson, F.J. and Leaver, J.D. (1988) The influence of dietary protein intake and of hoof trimming on lameness in dairy cattle. Animal Production 47, 191199 Google Scholar
O’Farrell, K.J. (1998) Changes in dairy cow fertility. Cattle Practice 6, 387392.Google Scholar
O’Callaghan, D., Lozano, J.M., Fahey, J., Gath, V., Snijders, S. and Boland, M.P. 2001. In: Fertility in the High Producing Dairy Cow. Occasional Publication No. 26 (Volume 1), Edited by Diskin, M.G., British Society of Animal Science, pp.147159.Google Scholar
Offer, J.E., McNulty, D. and Logue, D.N. (1999) Observations of lameness hoof conformation and development of lesions in dairy cattle over four lactations. Veterinary Record 147, 105109.Google Scholar
Offer, J.E., Fisher, G.E.J., Kempson, S.E. and Logue, D.N. (2001) The effect of feeding grass silage in early pregnancy on claw health during first lactation. The Veterinary Journal 161, 186193.Google Scholar
Offer, J.E. Leach, K.A., Brocklehurst, S. and Logue, D.N. (2003) Effect of type of forage fed to dairy young stock on claw horn lesion development during rearing and first lactation. The Veterinary Journal 165, 221227 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterse, D.J., Korver, S., Oldenbroek, J.K. and Talmon, F. P. (1984) Relationship between levels of concentrate feeding and the incidence of sole ulcers in dairy cattle. Veterinary Record 115, 629630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pryce, J.E., Veerkamp, R.F., Thompson, R., Hill, W.G. and Simm, G. (1998) Genetic parameters of common health disorders and measures of fertility in Holstein Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Science 65, 353360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez-Lainz, A. Melendez-Retamal, P., Hird, D.W., Read, D.H. and Walker, R.L. (1999) Farm- and host-level risk factors for digital dermatitis in Chilean dairy cattle. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 42, 8797.Google Scholar
Rodriguez-Lainz, A.J., Hird, D.W., Carpenter, T.E. and Read, D.H. (1996) Case control study of papillomatous digital dermatitis in Southern California dairy farms. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 28, 117131.Google Scholar
Royal, M.D., Darwash, A.O., Flint, A.P.F., Webb, R., Williams, J.A. and Lamming, G.E. (2000) Declining fertility in dairy cattle: changes in traditional and endocrine parameters of fertility. Animal Science 70, 487501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, D.P. and Mee, J.F. (1994) Irish dairy herd fertility research Cattle Practice 2, 241249.Google Scholar
van G., Schaik, Dijkhuizen, A.A., Benedictus, G., Barkema, H.W. and Koole, J.L. (1998) Exploratory study on the economic value of a closed farming system on Dutch farms. Veterinary Record 142, 240242.Google Scholar
Sinclair, M.C., Nielsen, B.L. Oldham, J.D. and Reid, H.W. (1999) Consequences for immune functions of metabolic adaptations to load. In: Metabolic Stress in the Dairy Cow. Occasional Publication No. 24, Edited by Oldham, J.D., Simm, G., Green, A.F., Neilsen, B.L., Pryce, J.E. and Lawrence, T.L.J, British Society of Animal Science, pp. 113118.Google Scholar
Sreenan, J.M., Diskin, M.G. and Morris, D.G. (2001) Embryo survival rate in cattle: a major limitation to the achievement of high fertility. In: Fertility in the High Producing Dairy Cow. Occasional Publication No. 26 (Volume 1), Edited by Diskin, M.G., British Society of Animal Science, pp 93104.Google Scholar
Stott, A.W. (1994) The economic advantage of longevity in the dairy cow. Journal of Agricultural Economics 45, 113122.Google Scholar
Stott, A.W., Veerkamp, R.F. and Wassell, T.R. (1999) The economics of fertility in the dairy herd. Animal Science 68, 4957.Google Scholar
Stott, A.W., Gunn, G.J., Humphry, R.W., Chase-Topping, M., Jones, G., Berry, R.J., Richardson, H. and Logue, D.N. (2000) What to do with Staph cows? Guidelines for the control of S. aureus subclinical mastitis by culling using recommendations based on a bioeconomic computer model. In: British Mastitis Conference. Institute for Animal Health and Milk Development Council, UK, pp. 4455.Google Scholar
Stott, A.W., Jones, G.M., Gunn, G.J., Chase-Topping, M., Humphry, R.W., Richardson, H. and Logue, D.N. (2002) Optimum replacement policies for control of subclinical mastitis due to S. aureus in dairy cows. Journal of Agricultural Economics 53, 627644.Google Scholar
Thatcher, W.W., Binelli, M., Arnold, D., Mattos, R., Badinga, L., Moreira, F., Staples, C.R. and Guzeloglu, A. (2001) Endocrine and physiological events from ovulation to establishment of pregnancy in cattle. In: Fertility in the High Producing Dairy Cow. Occasional Publication No. 26 (Volume 1), Edited by Diskin, M.G., British Society of Animal Science, pp 8191.Google Scholar
Toussaint Raven, E., Haalstra, R.T. and Peterse, D.J. (1985) Cattle Footcare and claw trimming. (English translation of Dutch originally published 1977) Farming Press Ipswich 1985, pp. 1126.Google Scholar
Veerkamp, R.F., Hill, W.G., Stott, A.W., Brotherstone, S., and Simm, G. (1994) Selection for longevity and yield in dairy cows using transmitting abilities for type and yield. Animal Science 61, 189197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, E.D., Jones, P.C. and Saunders, R.W. (1987) Effect of factors associated with insemination on calving rate in dairy cows. Veterinary Record 121, 256258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Webb, R. Garnsworthy, P.C., Gong, J.G., Robinson, R.S. and Wathes, D.C. (1999) Consequences for reproductive function of metabolic adaptation to load. In: Metabolic Stress in the Dairy Cow. Occasional Publication No. 24, Edited by Oldham, J.D., Simm, G., Green, A.F., Neilsen, B.L., Pryce, J.E. and Lawrence, T.L.J, British Society of Animal Science, pp. 92122.Google Scholar
Webb, R., Garnsworthy, P., Gong, J.G., Gutterrez, C.G., Logue, D.N., Crawshaw, W.M. and Robinson, J.J. (1997) Nutritional influence on subfertility in cattle. Cattle Practice 5, 361367.Google Scholar
Webster, A.J.F. (2001) The effect of housing and two forage diets on the development of claw horn lesions in dairy cows at first calving and in first lactation. The Veterinary Journal 162, 5665.Google Scholar
Webster, A.J.F. (1995) Welfare strategies in future selection and management strategies. In: Breeding and Feeding the High Genetic Merit Dairy Cow. Occasional publication No 19, Edited by Lawrence, T.J.L., Gordon, F.J. and Carson, A, British Society of Animal Science, pp. 8793.Google Scholar
Wells, S.J., Trent, A.M., Marsh, W.E. and Robinson, R.A. (1993) Prevalence and severity of lameness in lactating dairy cattle in a sample of Minnesota and Wisconsin herds. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 202, 7882.Google Scholar
Wells, S.J., Garber, L.P. and Wagner, B.A. (1999) Papillamatous digital dermatitis and associated risk factors in US dairy herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 38, 1124.Google Scholar
Whay, H.R., Main, D.C.J. Green, L.E. and Webster, A.J.F. (2002) In: 12th International Symposium on Lameness in Ruminants. Edited by Shearer, J.K., pp. 355358.Google Scholar
Whitaker, D., Kelly, J.M., and Smith, S. (2000) Disposal rates and disease rates in 340 British dairy herds. Veterinary Record 146, 363367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yalcin, C., Stott, A.W., Logue, D.N. and Gunn, G.J. (1999) The economic impact of mastitis-control procedures used in Scottish dairy herds with high bulk-tank somatic-cell counts. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 41, 135149.Google Scholar
Young, G.B., Waddington, D., Sales, D.I., Bradley, J.S. and Spooner, R.L. (1983) Culling and wastage in dairy cows in East Anglia. Veterinary Record 113, 107111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed