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The effect of supplementary feeding in browsing Criollo kids and hair sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2018

Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta
Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta*
Affiliation:
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Km 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Summary

The objective was to highlight the role of supplementary feeding on resilience and resistance of browsing small ruminants against natural gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections. GIN infections have a negative impact on productivity of browsing Criollo kids especially during the wet season of Yucátan. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated the threat of GIN infectivity in the native vegetation available for browsing goats. Control of GIN in browsing ruminants is threatened by the emergence of anthelmintic resistant nematodes strains in the local flocks. Browsing trials with kids and lambs have shown that supplementary feeding (100–108g/day) improved resilience and resistance of Criollo kids against GIN. Supplements used successfully include sorghum:soybean meal (74:26 respectively), maize:soybean meal (74:26) and maize only (108g/day). The later result showed that animals might benefit from supplementation with rumen fermentable energy that could improve utilization of available browsing legumes by the goats. Wet season trials showed that, in spite of supplementation, infected animals have lower productivity compared to non-infected animals. However, the combined use of supplementation and copper oxide wire particles or tactic anthelmintic treatment, can improve growth rate of infected kids to maximum production levels. Short-term supplementation strategies have shown to be less effective than long-term strategies in achieving better resilience against GIN in kids. Lambs are more resistant but less resilient against GIN infections than kids. Improved resistance of lambs seemed to require more nutrients than in goats. In conclusion, supplementary feeding can play an important role in improving both resilience and resistance of growing small ruminants in the tropics but it can be further improved through the complementary use of other strategies leading to a more sustainable integrated parasite control strategy.

Resumen

Resumen

El objetivo fue resaltar el papel de la suplementación alimenticia sobre la resiliencia y resistencia de pequeños rumiantes contra infecciones naturales de nematodos gastrointestinales (NGI) en condiciones de ramoneo. Las infecciones por NGI tienen un impacto negativo sobre la productividad de cabritos Criollos en ramoneo especialmente durante la época de lluvia de Yucatán. Estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado la amenaza de la infectividad por NGI en la vegetación nativa disponible para el consumo de caprinos en ramoneo. El control de los NGI en rumiantes de ramoneo está amenazado por el surgimiento de cepas de nematodos resistentes a antihelmínticos en los rebaños locales. Estudios realizados con cabritos en ramoneo han demostrado que la suplementación alimenticia (100 –108g/día) mejoró la resiliencia y resistencia de cabritos Criollos contra NGI. Entre los suplementos que se han utilizado con éxito se incluyen las harinas de sorgo y soya (74:26 respectivamente), harinas de maíz y soya (74:26) y maíz (108g/día). Esto último mostró que los animales pueden beneficiarse con la suplementación de energía fermentable en rumen para mejorar la utilización de las leguminosas forrajeras disponibles para el consumo de las cabras. Los estudios en época de lluvia han mostrado que, a pesar del suplemento, los animales infectados con NGI tienen una productividad menor que la de animales no infectados. Sin embargo, el uso combinado de suplementación y de agujas de óxido de cobre ó desparasitación táctica, puede mejorar la tasa de crecimiento de cabritos infectados hasta niveles cercanos al máximo nivel de producción. Las estrategias de suplementación de corto plazo han mostrado ser menos efectivas que las estrategias de largo plazo para mejorar la resiliencia de cabritos contra NGI. Los corderos son más resistentes pero menos resilientes que los cabritos contra las infecciones por NGI. La mayor resistencia de los corderos parece requerir más nutrientes que en los caprinos. En conclusión, la suplementación alimenticia puede jugar un papel importante en el mejoramiento de la resiliencia y resistencia de pequeños rumiantes en crecimiento en los trópicos pero puede ser mejorado aún más a través del uso complementario de otras estrategias que lleven a un control parasitario integral más sustentable.

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BSAP Occasional Publication , Volume 34: Herbivores: Assessment of intake, digestibility and the roles of secondary compounds , 2006 , pp. 261 - 278
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2006

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