Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T06:06:01.469Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Phospholipid fatty acid composition and protein kinase C activity in the large intestine of rats fed on butter and coconut-oil diets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Anne-Maria Pajari  and
Marja Mutanen
Anne-Maria Pajari*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology (Nutrition), PO Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
Marja Mutanen
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology (Nutrition), PO Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Anne-Maria Pajari, fax +358 9 70858269, email anne-maria.pajari@helsinki.fi
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Protein kinase C (PKC) has been proposed to play an important role in the aetiology of colon cancer. Therefore, we investigated whether the amount and type of saturated fat could affect colonic PKC activity by modifying either mucosal phospholipid fatty acid composition or faecal diacylglycerol production. Male Wistar rats (n 13 per group) were fed on diets containing butter or coconut oil at energy levels of 10 % and 43 % for 4 weeks. The control group received a low-fat diet providing 10 % of energy from sunflowerseed oil. PKC activity was higher in the distal than the proximal colon but the quantity or type of fat did not alter PKC activity in either region of the colon. Saturated fats caused moderate changes in the fatty acid composition of caecal phospholipids, which were more obvious in the phosphatidylethanolamine than in the phosphatidylcholine fraction. A significant correlation was found between fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine and membrane PKC activity. In particular, there was a positive correlation between the proportion of saturated 14:0 and 18:0 and increased PKC activity while unsaturated 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6 and 16:1n-7 were inversely correlated with PKC activity. No relationship was found between phosphatidylethanolamine fatty acids and PKC activity. Concentration of faecal diacylglycerol was not affected by the diet. Overall the data suggest that diets high in saturated fat may not alter colonic PKC activity to a significant extent.

Keywords

Coconut oilPhospholipidsProtein kinase CLarge intestine
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 82 , Issue 5 , November 1999 , pp. 411 - 418
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

References

Awad, AB, Chattopadhyay, JP & Danahy, ME (1989) Effect of dietary fat composition on rat colon plasma membranes and fecal lipids. Journal of Nutrition 119, 1376–1382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bligh, EG & Dyer, WJ (1959) A rapid method of total lipid extraction. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry 37, 911–917.Google ScholarPubMed
Blobe, GC, Obeid, LM & Hannun, YA (1994) Regulation of protein kinase C and role in cancer biology. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 13, 411–431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, W-C, Lupton, JR, Frolich, W, Schoeffler, GL, Peterson, ML & Chen, X-Q (1994) A very low intake of fat is required to decrease fecal bile acid concentrations in rats. Journal of Nutrition 124, 181–187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapkin, RS, Gao, J Lee D-YK & Lupton, JR (1993) Dietary fibers and fats alter rat colon protein kinase C activity: correlation to cell proliferation. Journal of Nutrition 123, 649–655.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, LA, Jiang, Y-H, Derr, JN, Aukema, HM, Lupton, JR & Chapkin, RS (1994) Protein kinase C isoforms in human and rat colonic mucosa. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 312, 547–553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davidson, LA, Lupton, JR, Jiang, Y-H, Chang, W-C, Aukema, HM & Chapkin, RS (1995) Dietary fat and fiber alter rat colonic protein kinase C isozyme expression. Journal of Nutrition 125, 49–56.Google ScholarPubMed
El Touny, SE, Khan, W & Hannun, YA (1990) Regulation of platelet protein kinase C by oleic acid. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265, 16437–16443.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Florin-Christensen, J, Florin-Christensen, M, Delfino, JM, Stegmann, T & Rasmussen, H (1992) Metabolic fate of plasma membrane diacylglycerols in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267, 14783–14789.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folch, J, Lees, M & Sloane-Stanley, GHS (1957) A simple method for isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hannun, YA, Loomis, CR & Bell, RM (1986) Protein kinase C activation in mixed micelles: mechanistic implications of phospholipid, diacylglycerol, and calcium interdependencies. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, 7184–7190.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holian, O & Nelson, R (1992) Action of long-chain fatty acids on protein kinase C activity: comparison of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids Anticancer Research 12, 975–980.Google ScholarPubMed
Huang, XP, Fan, XT, Desjeux, JF & Castagna, M (1992) Bile acids, non-phorbol-ester-type tumor promoters, stimulates the phosphorylation of protein kinase C substrate in human platelets and colon cell line HT29. International Journal of Cancer 52, 444–450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahl-Rainer, P, Karner-Hanusch, J, Weiss, W & Marian, B (1994) Five of six protein kinase C isoenzymes present in normal mucosa show reduced protein levels during tumor development in the human colon. Carcinogenesis 15, 779–782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, D-Y, Chung, K-H & Lee, J-H (1998) Stimulatory effects of high-fat diets on colon cell proliferation depend on the type of dietary fat and site of the colon. Nutrition and Cancer 30, 118–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lafave, LMZ, Kumarathasan, P & Bird, RP (1994) Effect of dietary fat on colonic protein kinase C and induction of aberrant crypt foci Lipids 29, 693–700.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, D-YKLupton, JR, Aukema, HM & Chapkin, RS (1993) Dietary fat and fiber alter rat colonic mucosal lipid mediators and cell proliferation. Journal of Nutrition 123, 1808–1817.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Livneh, E & Fishman, DD (1997) Linking protein kinase C to cell-cycle control. European Journal of Biochemistry 248, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lo, H-H, Bartek, GA & Fischer, SM (1994) In vitro activation of mouse skin protein kinase C by fatty acids and their hydroxylated metabolites Lipids 29, 547–553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monsma, CC, Gallaher, DD & Ney, DM (1996) Reduced digestibility of beef tallow and cocoa butter affects bile acid excretion and reduces hepatic esterified cholesterol in rats. Journal of Nutrition 126, 2028–2035.Google ScholarPubMed
Morotomi, M, Guillem, JG, LoGerfo, P & Weinstein, IB (1990) Production of diacylglycerol, an activator of protein kinase C, by human intestinal microflora. Cancer Research 50, 3595–3599.Google ScholarPubMed
Morotomi, M, LoGerfo, P & Weinstein, IB (1991) Fecal excretion, uptake and metabolism by colon mucosa of diacylglycerol in rats. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 181, 1028–1034.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishizuka, Y (1984) The role of protein kinase C in cell surface signal transduction and tumor promotion. Nature 308, 693–698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishizuka, Y (1995) Protein kinase C and lipid signaling for sustained cellular responses. FASEB Journal 9, 484–496.Google ScholarPubMed
Pajari, A-M, Rasilo, M-L & Mutanen, M (1997) Protein kinase C activation in rat colonic mucosa after diets differing in their fatty acid composition. Cancer Letters 114, 101–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pickering, JS, Lupton, J & Chapkin, RS (1995) Dietary fat, fiber, and carcinogen alter fecal diacylglycerol composition and mass. Cancer Research 55, 2293–2298.Google ScholarPubMed
Potter, JD, Slattery, ML, Bostic, RM & Gastrup, SM (1993) Colon cancer: a review of the epidemiology. Epidemiologic Reviews 15, 499–545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preiss, J, Loomis, CR, Bishop, WR, Stein, R, Niedel, JE & Bell, RM (1986) Quantitative measurement of sn-1,2-diacylglycerols present in platelets, hepatocytes, and ras- and sis-transformed normal rat kidney. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, 8597–8600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rao, CV, Zang, E & Reddy, BS (1993) Effect of high fat corn oil, olive oil and fish oil on phospholipid fatty acid composition in male F344 rats. Lipids 28, 441–447.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reddy, BS (1992) Dietary fat and colon cancer: animal model studies Lipids 27, 807–813.Google ScholarPubMed
Reddy, BS & Maeura, Y (1984) Tumor promotion by dietary fat in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in female F344 rats: influence of amount and source of dietary fat. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 72, 745–750.Google ScholarPubMed
Robblee, NM, Farnworth, ER & Bird, RP (1988) Phospholipid profile and production of prostanoids by murine colonic epithelium: effect of dietary fat. Lipids 23, 334–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slater, SJ, Kelly, MB, Taddeo, FJ, Ho, C, Rubin, E & Stubbs, CD (1994) The modulation of protein kinase C activity by membrane lipid bilayer structure. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 4866–4871.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoffel, W, Chu, F & Ahrens, EH Jr (1959) Analysis of long-chain fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography Analytical Chemistry 31, 307–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wali, RK, Frawley, BP Jr, Hartmann, S, Roy, HK, Khare, S, Scaglione-Sewell, B, Earnest, DL, Sitrin, MD, Brasitus, TA & Bissonette, M (1995) Mechanism of action of chemoprotective ursodeoxycholate in the azoxymethane model of rat colonic carcinogenesis: potential roles of protein kinase C-α, -βII, and -ζ. Cancer Research 55, 5257–5264.Google Scholar