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Effect of dietary supplementation with carotenoids on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in the liver, lung, kidney and small intestine of the rat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Christopher Jewell  and
Nora M. O'Brien
Christopher Jewell
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College, Cork, Ireland
Nora M. O'Brien*
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition National Food Biotechnology Centre, University College, Cork, Ireland
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Nora O'Brien, fax + 353 21 270244, email nob@ucc.ie
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Abstract

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The effect of 16 d intake of 300 mg carotenoids/kg diet (β-carotene (βC), bixin (BX), lycopene (LY), lutein (LU), canthaxanthin (CX) or astaxanthin (AX)) on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in the liver, lung, kidney and small intestine of male Wistar rats was assessed. A control group received the basal diet (AIN-76) without carotenoids and a positive control group for enzyme induction received 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) at 666 mg/kg diet. Cytochrome P450 activity was assessed using the substrates ethoxyresorufin for P450 1A1, methoxyresorufin for P450 1A2, pentoxyresorufin for P450 2B1/2 and benzyloxyresorufin for P450 types 1A1/2, 2B1/2 and 3A. Glutathione-S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18) and reduced glutathione status were assessed. Carotenoid uptake by the tissues was also determined. 3-MC and the carotenoids BX, CX and AX led to significant increases compared with control in liver, lung and kidney ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation. Methoxyresorufin-O-demethylation activity was significantly increased in liver and lung by BX, CX and AX but only CX and AX significantly increased activity in kidney. Pentoxyresorufin-O-depentylation and benzyloxyresorufin-O-dearylation increased in liver of 3-MC-, BX-, CX- and AX-treated rats, but to a much lesser degree than for the other two substrates. Benzyloxyresorufin-O-dearylation in lung was significantly decreased by all carotenoids. Activities of any of the measured enzymes in the small intestine were undetectable in all treatment groups except the 3-MC group. Glutathione status was unaffected by any of the treatments. This is the first study identifying the carotenoids BX, CX and AX as inducers of rat lung and kidney xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes.

Keywords

Cytochrome P450Enzyme inductionCarotenoids
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 81 , Issue 3 , March 1999 , pp. 235 - 242
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1999

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