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Depression and Anxiety Across the First Year After Ischemic Stroke: Findings from a Population-Based New Zealand ARCOS-IV Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2017

Suzanne Barker-Collo ,
Rita Krishnamurthi ,
Emma Witt ,
Alice Theadom ,
Nicola Starkey ,
P. Alan Barber ,
Derrick Bennett ,
Elaine Rush ,
Bruce Arroll  and
Valery Feigin
Suzanne Barker-Collo*
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
Rita Krishnamurthi
Affiliation:
National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Studies, AUT University, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, New Zealand
Emma Witt
Affiliation:
Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, AUT University, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, New Zealand
Alice Theadom
Affiliation:
National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Studies, AUT University, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, New Zealand
Nicola Starkey
Affiliation:
School of Psychology, Waikato University, Hamilton, New Zealand
P. Alan Barber
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Auckland City Hospital, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland; Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
Derrick Bennett
Affiliation:
Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Elaine Rush
Affiliation:
Faculty of Health and Environmental Studies, AUT University, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, New Zealand
Bruce Arroll
Affiliation:
FRNZCGP, Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
Valery Feigin
Affiliation:
National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Studies, AUT University, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, New Zealand
*
Address for correspondence: Suzanne Barker-Collo, PhD, Associate Professor, School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. E-mail: s.barker-collo@auckland.ac.nz
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Abstract

Background: Depression and anxiety are the two most frequently studied emotional outcomes of stroke. However, few previous studies have been carried out at a population level or beyond 6 months post stroke. The aim of this study was to describe depression and anxiety across the first year following incident ischemic stroke (IS), and identify predictive factors in a population-based study.

Method: The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) was administered at baseline (within 2 weeks of onset), and again at 1-month, 6-months and 12-months after IS in a sample (N = 365) drawn from a population-based study.

Results: Over 75% of those assessed experienced depression or anxiety symptoms below cut-offs for probable disorder across the year post stroke. Moderate to severe symptoms for anxiety were approximately twice as likely (range 4.1%–10.6%) as compared to depression (range 2.5%–5.0%) at each assessment. The greatest improvement in anxiety occurred within the first month post stroke. In contrast, the greatest reduction in depression occurred between 1- to 6-months post stroke.

Conclusions: Anxiety symptoms in the moderate to severe range were twice as common as depression, and improved over the first month post stroke, whilst depression symptoms persisted for up to 6 months, indicating a need to target these two issues at different points in the recovery process.

Keywords

Moodoutcomeprognosticstrokeepidemiological
Type
Articles
Information
Brain Impairment , Volume 18 , Issue 3 , December 2017 , pp. 265 - 276
Copyright
Copyright © Australasian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment 2017 

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