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A Qualitative Study to Explore Patients’, Carers’ and Health Professionals’ Views to Culturally Adapt CBT for Psychosis (CBTp) in Pakistan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2014

Farooq Naeem ,
Nazish Habib ,
Mirrat Gul ,
Mehwish Khalid ,
Sofiya Saeed ,
Saeed Farooq ,
Tariq Munshi ,
Mary Gobbi ,
Nusrat Husain  and
Muhammad Ayub
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Farooq Naeem*
Affiliation:
Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Nazish Habib
Affiliation:
Sir Ganga Ram Hospital at Lahore, Pakistan
Mirrat Gul
Affiliation:
Sir Ganga Ram Hospital at Lahore, Pakistan
Mehwish Khalid
Affiliation:
Pakistan Association of Cognitive Therapists (PACT), Pakistan
Sofiya Saeed
Affiliation:
Pakistan Association of Cognitive Therapists (PACT), Pakistan
Saeed Farooq
Affiliation:
Staffordshire University, UK
Tariq Munshi
Affiliation:
Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Mary Gobbi
Affiliation:
Southampton University, UK
Nusrat Husain
Affiliation:
Manchester University, UK
Muhammad Ayub
Affiliation:
Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
David Kingdon
Affiliation:
Southampton University, UK
*
Reprint requests to Farooq Naeem, Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. E-mail: farooqnaeem@yahoo.com
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Abstract

Background: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) has an established evidence base and is recommended by the national organizations in United Kingdom and the United States. CBT remains under utilized in low and middle income countries. CBT was developed in the west and it has been suggested that it is underpinned by western values. It therefore follows that to make CBT accessible for non western clients, it needs adapting into a given culture. Aims: Our aim was to develop guidelines for adapting CBT for psychosis in Pakistan by incorporating the views of the patients, their carers and mental health professionals. Method: We conducted a series of qualitative studies in Pakistan to adapt CBT for psychosis (a total of 92 interviews). The data were analyzed by systematic content and question analysis. Analysis started by identifying emerging themes and categories. Themes emerging from the analyses of interviews by each interviewer were compared and contrasted with others interviewers constantly. Triangulation of themes and concepts was undertaken to further compare and contrast the data from the different participating groups. Results: The results of these studies highlighted the barriers in therapy as well as strengths while working with this patient group. Patients and their carers in Pakistan use a bio-psycho-spiritual-social model of illness. They seek help from various sources. Therapists make minor adjustments in therapy. Conclusions: The findings from this study will help therapists working with this client group using CBT for psychosis in Pakistan. These results need to be tested through controlled trials.

Keywords

Cultureadaptationcognitive therapypsychosisschizophreniaPakistan
Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 44 , Issue 1 , January 2016 , pp. 43 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2014 

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Footnotes

Supplementary material is also available online in the table of contents for this issue: http://journals.cambridge.org/jid_BCP

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