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Appraisals of Internal States and their Consequences: Relationship to Adolescent Analogue Bipolar Symptoms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2015

Rebecca E. Kelly ,
Patrick Smith ,
Eleanor Leigh  and
Warren Mansell
Rebecca E. Kelly*
Affiliation:
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
Patrick Smith
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
Eleanor Leigh
Affiliation:
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
Warren Mansell
Affiliation:
University of Manchester, UK
*
Reprint requests to Rebecca Kelly, Psychological Interventions Clinic for outpatients with Psychosis (PICuP), Maudsley Psychology Centre, Maudsley Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK. E-mail: rebecca.kelly@slam.nhs.uk
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Abstract

Background: Extreme appraisals of internal states correlate with and prospectively predict mood symptoms in adults, and discriminate individuals with bipolar disorder from individuals with unipolar depression and non-clinical controls. Aims: These findings required replication in adolescents. This study sought to investigate the relationships between appraisals of internal states, mood symptoms and risk for bipolar disorder in an adolescent sample. Method: A non-clinical sample (n = 98) of adolescents completed measures of mood symptoms, appraisals, and mania risk, alongside covariates. Results: Appraisals of internal states were associated with analogue bipolar symptoms, independently of impulsivity and responses to positive affect. Positive appraisals of activated mood states were uniquely associated with hypomania, whilst negative appraisals were uniquely associated with depression and irritability symptoms. Individuals who appraised activated states as both extremely positive and extremely negative were more likely to score at high or moderate risk for future mania. Conclusions: This study is the first to demonstrate associations between appraisals of internal states, analogue mood symptoms and mania risk in adolescents. Clinical implications are discussed.

Keywords

Adolescentsbipolar disordermania riskappraisalscognitive model
Type
Research Article
Information
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy , Volume 44 , Issue 2 , March 2016 , pp. 214 - 224
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2015 

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