Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-21T17:18:52.541Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Eastern arrivals in post-glacial Lapland: the Sujala site 10 000 cal BP

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Tuija Rankama
Affiliation:
University of Helsinki, Institute of Cultural Research, Department of Archaeology, PO Box 59, FI-00014, Finland (Email: tuija.rankama@helsinki.fi)
Jarmo Kankaanpää
Affiliation:
Isonpellonkuja 6, FI-02880 Veikkola, Finland (Email: jarmo.kankaanpaa@kolumbus.fi)

Abstract

The Sujala site in northern Finnish Lapland is a reindeer hunters' camp from the early post-glacial period, discovered by the authors in 2002. The site was originally linked with the Preboreal occupation of the north Norwegian coast, but further excavations and analyses indicate that it actually represents a totally new phenomenon: evidence for an eastern influx into Lapland around the Preboreal–Boreal transition. This discovery has far-reaching implications for the colonisation of north Scandinavia, but also for the subsequent development of Early Mesolithic settlement in northern Finland and Norway.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Binder, D. 1984. Systèmes de débitage laminaire par pression: exemples Chasséens provençaux. Préhistoire de la pierre taillée, 2: économie du débitage laminaire: technologie et expérimentation: III e table ronde de technologie lithique. Meudon-Bellevue, octobre 1982. Paris: Cercle de Recherches et d' Études Préhistoriques.Google Scholar
Bjerck, H. 1994. Nordsjøfastlandet og pionerbosetningeni Norge. Viking 57: 2558.Google Scholar
Bøe, J. & Nummedal, A.. 1936. Le Finnmarkien. Les origines de la civilization dans l'extrême-nord de l'Europe. Oslo: Instituttet for sammenlignende kulturforskning.Google Scholar
Carpelan, C. 2004. Environment, archaeology and radiocarbon dates: notes from the inari region, northern Finnish Lapland, in Lavento, M. (ed.) Early in the North 5 (ISKOS 13): 1745. Vammala: Finnish Antiquarian Society & Archaeological Society of Finland.Google Scholar
Freundt, E. 1948. Komsa – Fosna – Sandarna: problems of the Scandinavian Mesolithicum. Acta Archaeologica 19: 1113.Google Scholar
Fuglestvedt, I. 1999. The Early Mesolithic site at Stunner, southeast Norway: a discussion of Late Palaeolithic/Early Mesolithic chronology and cultural relations in Scandinavia, in Boaz, J. (ed.) The Mesolithic of central Scandinavia (Universitetets Oldsaksamlings Skrifter, Ny Rekke 22): 189202. Oslo: Universitetets Oldsaksamling.Google Scholar
Grydeland, S. E. 2000. Nye perspektiver på eldre steinalder i Finnmark – en studie fra indre Varanger. Viking 2000: 1050.Google Scholar
Grydeland, S. E. 2005. The Pioneers of Finnmark – from the earliest coastal settlements to the encounter with the inland people of Northern Finland, in Knutsson, H. (ed.) Pioneer settlements and colonization processes in the Barents region (Vuollerim Papers on Hunter-gatherer Archaeology I): 4377. Vuollerim: Vuollerim 6000 År.Google Scholar
Hakala, A. 1991. Aspects of the origin of the Scandinavian mountain reindeer and the early man in Fennoscandia with some comments on the history of small mammals. Aquilo Series Zoologica 28: 1121.Google Scholar
Jussila, T. 2001. Joutsenon Kuurmanpohjan kivikautisten asuinpaikkojen koekaivaus v. 2000. http://www.mikroliitti.fi/kuurmanp/esipuhe.htmGoogle Scholar
Jussila, T. 2003. Joutsenon Kuurmanpohjasta uusi radiohiiliajoitus palaneesta luusta. http://www.mikroliitti.fi/kuurmanp/kuurmanluu.htmGoogle Scholar
Jussila, T. & Matiskainen, H.. 2003. Mesolithic settlement during the Preboreal period in Finland, in Larsson, L., Kindgren, H., Knutsson, K., Loeffler, D. & Åkerlund, A. (ed.) Mesolithic on the move: papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Stockholm 2000: 664–70. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Kinnunen, K., Tynni, R., Hokkanen, R. & Taavitsainen, J.-P.. 1985. Flint raw materials of prehistoric Finland: rock types, surface textures and microfossils (Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin 334). Espoo: Geological Survey of Finland.Google Scholar
Koltsov, L. V. & Zhilin, M. G.. 1999. Tanged point cultures in the upper Volga basin, in Kozłowski, S., Gurba, J. & Zaliznyak, L. L. (ed.) Tanged Points cultures in Europe: 346–60. Lublin: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Press.Google Scholar
Kozłowski, S. K. 1999: The Tanged Points complex, in Kozłowski, S., Gurba, J. & Zaliznyak, L. L. (ed.) Tanged Points cultures in Europe: 2835. Lublin: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Press.Google Scholar
Lahti, E.-K. 2006. Utsjoki 226 Vetsijärvi 7 Sujala KM 35224: osteologinen analyysi 22.2.2006. Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Luho, V. 1956. Die Komsa-Kultur. Suomen Muinaismuistoyhdistyksen Aikakauskirja 57.Google Scholar
Mattsson, J. 1989. Tenon vesistö kalastomaantieteellisenä kokonaisuutena. Unpublished Lic. Phil. dissertation, University of Turku.Google Scholar
Meinander, C. F. 1984. Kivikautemme väestöhistoria. Suomen väestön esihistorialliset juuret. Bidrag till kännedom av Finlands natur och folk 131: 2148.Google Scholar
Odner, K. 1966. Komsakulturen i Nesseby og Sør-Varanger (Tromsø Museums Skrifter XII). Tromsø: Universitetsforlaget.Google Scholar
Olsen, B. 1994. Bosetning og samfunn i Finnmarks forhistorie. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.Google Scholar
Oshibkina, S. V. 1990. The material culture of the Veretye-type sites in the region to the east of Lake Onega, in Bonsall, C. (ed.) The Mesolithic in Europe: papers presented at the Third International Mesolithic Symposium held at the University of Edinburgh 31 March-6 April 1985: 402–13. Edinburgh: John Donald.Google Scholar
Oshibkina, S. V. 1999. Tanged point industries in the north-west of Russia, in Kozłowski, S., Gurba, J. & Zaliznyak, L. L. (ed.) Tanged Points cultures in Europe: 325–32. Lublin: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Press.Google Scholar
Ostrauskas, T. 2000. Mesolithic Kunda culture: a glimpse from Lithuania. De temporibus antiquissimis ad honorem Lembit Jaanits. Muinasaja teadus 8: 167–80. Tallinn.Google Scholar
Pelegrin, J. 2006. Long blade technology in the Old World: an experimental approach and some archaeological results, in Apel, J. & Knutsson, K. (ed.) Skilled production and social reproduction (SAU Stone Studies 2): 3768. Uppsala: Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis.Google Scholar
Prøsch-Danielsen, L. & Høgestøl, M.. 1995. A coastal Ahrensburgian site found in Galta, Rennesøy, Southwest Norway, in Fischer, A. (ed.) Man & sea in the Mesolithic: coastal settlement above and below present sea level. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Kalundborg, Denmark 1993: 123–30. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Rankama, T. 1996. Prehistoric riverine adaptations in Subarctic Finnish Lapland: the Teno river drainage (Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Brown University, Department of Anthropology). Ann Arbor (MI): University of Michigan Dissertation Services.Google Scholar
Rankama, T. & Kankaanpää, J.. 2004. First Preboreal inland site in north Scandinavia discovered in Finnish Lapland. Antiquity 78: http://antiquity.ac.uk/ProjGall/rankama/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
Rankama, T. & Kankaanpää, J. 2005. History and prehistory of Lake Vetsijärvi, in Ojala, A. E. K. (ed.) Quaternary studies in the northern and Arctic regions of Finland. Proceedings of the workshop organized within the Finnish National Committee for Quaternary Research (INQUA), Kilpisjärvi Biological Station, Finland, January 13-14th 2005 (Geological Survey of Finland Special Paper 40): 113–21. http://arkisto.gsf.fi/sp/SP40.pdfGoogle Scholar
Rankama, T. & Kankaanpää, J. 2007. The earliest postglacial inland settlement of Lapland, in Volokitin, A. V., Karmanov, V. N. & Pavlov, P. Ju. (ed.) Kamennyy vek Evropeyskogo Severa: 4465. Syktyvkar: Russian Academy of Science, Ural Branch, Komi Scientific Centre, Institute of Language, Literature and History.Google Scholar
Rankama, T. & Ukkonen, P.. 2001. On the early history of the wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L.) in Finland. Boreas 30: 131–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sandmo, A. K. 1986. Råstoff og redskap – mer enn teknisk hjelpemiddel. Unpublished MA dissertation, Universitetet i Tromsø.Google Scholar
Seppä, H. 1996. Post-glacial dynamics of vegetation and tree-lines in the far north of Fennoscandia. Fennia 174(1): 196.Google Scholar
Sørensen, M. 2006. Rethinking the lithic blade definition: towards a dynamic understanding, in Apel, J. & Knutsson, K.. (ed.) Skilled production and social reproduction (SAU Stone Studies 2): 277–96. Uppsala: Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis.Google Scholar
Sorokin, A. N. 1981. Pozdnemezoliticheskaya Stoyanka Mikulino. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1981/1: 118–33.Google Scholar
Sorokin, A. N. 1984. Mezolit Velikikh Meshcherskikh Ozer. Sovetskaya Arkheologiya 1984/1: 4665.Google Scholar
Takala, H. 2004. The Ristola site in Lahti and the earliest Postglacial settlement of South Finland. Lahti: Lahti City Museum.Google Scholar
Timonen, T. 2006. Report on the tree species analysis of two wood charcoal samples from the Sujala site in Utsjoki. Manuscript.Google Scholar
Volokitin, A. 2005. Some peculiarities of colonization of the European north-east in Mesolithic, in Knutsson, H. (ed.) Pioneer settlements and colonization processes in the Barents region (Vuollerim papers on Hunter-Gatherer Archaeology 1): 1118. Vuollerim: Vuollerim 6000 År.Google Scholar
Woodman, P. C. 1993. The Komsa Culture: a re-examination of its position in the Stone Age of Finnmark. Acta Archaeologica 63: 5776.Google Scholar
Woodman, P. C. 1999. The Early Postglacial settlement of Arctic Europe, in Cziesla, E., Kersting, T. & Pratsch, S. (ed.) Den Bogen spannen: Festschrift für Bernhard Gramsch zum 65. Geburtstag (Beiträge zur Ur- und Frühgeschichte Mitteleuropas 20): 297312. Weißbach: Beier & BeranGoogle Scholar
Zagorska, I. 1992. The Mesolithic in Latvia. Acta Archaeologica 63: 97117.Google Scholar
Zaliznyak, L. L. 1999. Tanged Point cultures in the western part of Eastern Europe, in Kozłowski, S., Gurba, J. & Zaliznyak, L. L. (ed.) Tanged Points cultures in Europe: 202–18. Lublin: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Press.Google Scholar
Zhilin, M. G. 1996. The western part of Russia in the Late Palaeolithic-Early Mesolithic, in Larsson, L. (ed.) The earliest settlement of Scandinavia and its relationship with neighbouring areas (Acta Archaeologica Lundensia 24): 273–84. Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell International.Google Scholar
Zhilin, M. G. 1999. New Mesolithic peat sites on the Upper Volga, in Kozłowski, S., Gurba, J. & Zaliznyak, L. L. (ed.) Tanged Points cultures in Europe: 295310. Lublin: Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Press.Google Scholar
Zhilin, M. G. 2003. Early Mesolithic communication networks in the East European forest zone, in Larsson, L., Kindgren, H., Knutsson, K., Loeffler, D. & Åkerlund, A. (ed.) Mesolithic on the move: papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Stockholm 2000: 688–93. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Zhilin, M. G. 2005. The terminal Palaeolithic-Early Mesolithic of the Upper Volga and colonization of the northwest of Eastern Europe, in Knutsson, H. (ed.) Pioneer settlements and colonization processes in the Barents region (Vuollerim Papers on Hunter-gatherer Archaeology 1): 163–79. Vuollerim: Vuollerim 6000 År.Google Scholar
Zhilin, M. G. & Matiskainen, H.. 2003. Deep in Russia, deep in the bog: excavations at the Mesolithic sites Stanovoje 4 and Saktysh 14, Upper Volga region, in Larsson, L., Kindgren, H., Knutsson, K., Loeffler, D. & Åkerlund, A. (ed.) Mesolithic on the move: papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe, Stockholm 2000: 695702. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Žilin, M. G. 2006. Das Mesolithikum im Gebiet zwischen den Flüssen Wolga und Oka: einige Forschungsergebnisse der letzten Jahre. Praehistorische Zetschrift 81/1: 148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar