Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T19:50:54.577Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Radiocarbon dates and absolute chronology of the central European Early Bronze Age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Stašo Forenbaher*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX 75275-0336, USA

Abstract

It is more than forty years now since the first radiocarbon dates began the reconciliation of conventional and absolute chronologies for later prehistory. This pioneering radiocarbon chronology for the Bronze Age sequence in Central Europe brings that process nearer to a close, by filling the last major gap in the radiocarcbon chronology of the European continent.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 1993

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aitken, J.M. 1987. The Minoan eruption of Thera, Santorini: a reassessment of the radiocarbon dates, in Jones, R.E. & Catling, H.W. (ed.), New aspects of archaeological science in Greece: 19 24. Athens: British School at Athens. Fitch Laboratory occasional paper 3.Google Scholar
Aitken, J.M. 1988. The Thera eruption: continuing discussion of the dating: resumè of dating, Archaeometry 30: 165&8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bankoff, A.H. & Winter, F.A. 1990. The Later Aeneolithic in southeastern Europe, American Journal of Archaeology 94: 175&91.Google Scholar
Becker, B. Krause, R. & Kromer, B. 1989. Zur absoluten Chronologie der Frühen Bronzezeit, Germania 67: 421&42.Google Scholar
Benac, A. (ed.). 1979. Praistorija jugoslavenskih zemalja 3. Sarajevo: Akademija nauka i umijet-nosti BiH.Google Scholar
Benkæ, L. Horvath, F. Horvatin?I?, N. & Obeli<, B. 1989. Radiocarbon and thermolumi-nescence dating of prehistoric sites in Hungary and Yugoslavia, Radiocarbon 31: 992 1002.Google Scholar
Betancourt, P.P. 1987. Dating the Aegean Late Bronze Age with radiocarbon, Archaeometry 29: 45&9.Google Scholar
Betancourt, P.P. & Michael, H.N. 1987. Dating the Aegean Late Bronze Age with radiocarbon: addendum, Archaeometry 29: 212&13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bien, G. & Pandolfi, L. 1972. La Jolla natural radiocarbon measurements 6, Radiocarbon 14: 368&79.Google Scholar
Bognar-kutzian, I. 1972. The Early Copper Age Tiszapolgar culture in the Carpathian Rasin. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.Google Scholar
Bouzek, J. 1985. The Aegean, Anatolia and Europe: cultural interrelations in the second millennium BC. Göteborg: Aströms. Study in Mediterranean Archaeology 29.Google Scholar
Breunig, P. 1987. 14C-Chronologie des Vorderasiatischen, Südost- und Mitteleuropaischen Neolithikums. Köln. Fundarnenta, Reihe A, Band 13Google Scholar
Coles, J. & Harding, A. 1979. The Bronze Age in Europe. London. Methuen.Google Scholar
Crane, H.R. & Griffin, J.B. 1972. University of Michigan radiocarbon dates 14, Radiocarbon 14: 155&94.Google Scholar
DimitrijeviĆ, S. 1979a. Lasinjska kultura, in Benac 1979: 137–83.Google Scholar
DimitrijeviĆ, S. 1979b. Vučedolska kultura i vucedolski kulturni kompleks, in Benac 1979: 267 343.Google Scholar
Durman, A. 1988. Vučedol, three thousand years BC. Zagreb. Muzejski Prostor.Google Scholar
Durman, A. & Obelić, B. 1989. Radiocarbon dating of the Vucedol culture complex, Radiocarbon 31: 1003–9.Google Scholar
Felber, A. 1965. Zu den Tontafeln aus Tartaria, Germania 43: 269–73.Google Scholar
Falkenstein, H. 1979. Vienna Radium Institute radiocarbon dates 8, Radiocarbon 21: 113–19.Google Scholar
Glmbutas, M. 1991. The civilization of the goddess. San Francisco (CA): Harper.Google Scholar
Harding, A.F. 1980. Radiocarbon calibration and the chronology of the European Bronze Age, Archeologické Rozhledy 32: 176–86.Google Scholar
Harding, A.F. 1984. The Mycenaeans and Europe. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hood, M.S.F. 1967. The Tartaria tablets, Antiquity 41: 99 113.Google Scholar
De jong, A.F.M. Becker, B. & Mook, W.G. 1986. High-precision calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, 3930-3230 CAL BC, Radiocarbon 28/2B: 939–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kadrow, S. 1991. Iwanowice, Babia Cora site: spatial evolution of an Early Bronze Age Mierzanowice culture settlement (2300-1600 BC), Antiquity 65: 640–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalicz-schreiber, R. 1974. Die Probleme der Glockenbecherkultur in Ungarn, in Glockenbecher Symposium: 183 215. Oberried.Google Scholar
Kohl, G. & Quitta, H. 1964. Berlin radiocarbon measurements 1, Radiocarbon 6: 314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kohl, G. & Quitta, H. 1966. Berlin radiocarbon measurements 2, Radiocarbon 8: 27 45.Google Scholar
Kohl, G. & Quitta, H. 1970. Berlin radiocarbon measurements 4, Radiocarbon 12: 400 420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kovacs, T. 1973. Representation of weapons on Bronze Age pottery, Folia Archaeologica 24: 7 31.Google Scholar
Kull, B. 1989. Untersuchungen zur Mittelbronzezeit in der Türkei und ihrer Bedeutung für die absolute Datierung der europäischen Bronzezeit, Praehistorische Zeitschrift 64: 48 73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuniholm, P.I. 1990. Overview and assessment of the evidence for the date of the eruption of Thera, in Thera and the Aegean World 3 3: 13 18.Google Scholar
Llnick, T. 1977. La Jolla natural radiocarbon measurements 7, Radiocarbon 19: 19 48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llnick, T. 1979. La Jolla natural radiocarbon measurements 8, Radiocarbon 21: 186 202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llnick, T. 1984. La Jolla natural radiocarbon measurements 10, Radiocarbon 21: 75 110.Google Scholar
MajnariĆ-PANDŽIĆ, N. 1976a. Die Litzenkeramik in Slawonien, Istrażivanja 5: 79 103.Google Scholar
MajnariĆ-PANDŽIĆ, N. 1976b. Prilog problematic! licenske keramike u sjevernoj Jugoslaviji (Contribution ä la proble-matique de la céramique de Litzen dans la Yougoslavie du Nord), Arheološki Vestnik 27: 68 81.Google Scholar
Manning, S.W. 1988. The Bronze Age eruption of Thera: absolute dating, Aegean chronology and Mediterranean cultural interrelations, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 1: 17 82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manning, S.W. 1989. The Santorini eruption: an up-date, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 2: 303–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manning, S.W. 1990. The Thera eruption: the third congress and the problem of the date, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 32: 91 100.Google Scholar
Manning, S.W. 1991. Response to J.D. Muhly on problems of chronology in the Aegean Late Bronze Age, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 4: 248–53.Google Scholar
Michael, H.N. & Betancourt, P.P. 1989. Further arguments for an early date, Archaeometry 31: 169–75; Addendum, 180–82.Google Scholar
MllojČiĆ, H.N. 1965. Die Tontafeln von Tartaria (Siebenburgen) und die absolute Chronologie des mitteleuropäischen Neolithikums, Germania 43: 261–8.Google Scholar
Muhly, J.D 1991. Egypt, the Aegean and Late Bronze Age chronology in the Eeastern Mediterranean: a review article, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 4: 235–47.Google Scholar
Neustupný, E. 1968. Absolute chronology of the Neolithic and Eneolithic periods in central and south eastern Europe, Slovenska Archeologia 16: 21 60.Google Scholar
Neustupný, E. 1973. Die Badener Kultur, in Symposium über die Entstehung und Chronologie der Badener Kultur: 317 353. Bratislava.Google Scholar
Neustupný, E. 1976. Absolute chronology of the Bronze Age in central Europe, Istraživanja 5: 111–15.Google Scholar
Olsson, I.U. 1987. Carbon-14 dating and interpretation of the validity of some dates from the Bronze Age in the Aegean, in Äström, P. (ed.), High, middle or low? Acts of an international colloquium on absolute chronology 2: 4 38.Gothenburg Åströms.Google Scholar
O'shea, J. 1992. A radiocarbon-based chronology for the Maros Group of southeast Hungary, Antiquity 66: 97 102.Google Scholar
Ottaway, B.S. 1987. Radiocarbon: where we are and where we need to be, Antiquity 61: 135–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pape, W. 1979. Histogramme neolitischer 14C-Daten, Germania 57: 1 51.Google Scholar
Pearson, G.W. Pilcher, J.R Corbett, M.G.L. Pearson, D.M. & Qua, F. 1986. High-precision 14C measurement of Irish oaks to show the natural 14C variations from AD 1840 to 5210 BC, Radiocarbon 28/2B: 911–34.Google Scholar
Pearson, G.W. & Stuiver, M. 1986. High-precision calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, 500-2500 BC, Radiocarbon 28/2B: 839–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pyle, D.M. & Stuiver, M. 1989. Ice-core acidity peaks, retarded tree growth and putative eruptions, Archaeometry 31: 88 91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quitta, H. & Kohl, G. 1969. Neue Radiocarbondaten zum Neolithikum und zur frühen Bronzezeit Südosteuropas und der Sowietunion, Zeitschrift fur Archäologie 3: 223–55.Google Scholar
Renfrew, C. 1986. Excavations at Sitagroi: a Neolithic village in northern Greece. Los Angeles (CA) Institute of Archaeology.Google Scholar
Schwabedissen, H. & Freundlich, J. 1966. Köln radiocarbon measurements 1, Radiocarbon 8: 239–47.Google Scholar
Scott, E.M. Baxter, M.S. Harkness, D.D. Aitchison, T.C. & Cook, G.T. 1990. Radiocarbon: present and future perspectives on quality assurance, Antiquity 64: 319–22.Google Scholar
Spriggs, M. 1989. The dating of the Island southeast Asian Neolithic: an attempt at Chronometrie hygiene and linguistic correlation, Antiquity 63: 587 613.Google Scholar
SrdoČ, D. SliepČeviČ, A. Harkness, B. & Horvatinďic, N. 1977. Rudjer BoškoviČ Institute radiocarbon measurements 4, Radiocarbon 19: 465–75.Google Scholar
Srdoď, D. Sliepďeviď, A. Harkness, B. & Horvatinďic, N. 1979. Rudjer BoškoviĆ Institute radiocarbon measurements 5, Radiocarbon 21: 131–5.Google Scholar
SrdoČ, D. SliepČeviČ, A. Harkness, B. & HorvatinČic, N. 1981. Rudjer BoškoviĆ Institute radiocarbon measurements 6, Radiocarbon 23: 410–21.Google Scholar
SrdoČ, D. ObeliĆ, B. SliepČeviĆ, A. Krajcar, I. & HorvatinČtc, N. 1987. Rudjer Bośković Institute radiocarbon measurements 10, Radiocarbon 29: 135–47.Google Scholar
SrdoČ, D. ObeliĆ, B. HorvatinČiĆ, N. & Krajcar, I. 1989. Rudjer Bośković Institute radiocarbon measurements 11, Radiocarbon 31: 85 98.Google Scholar
Stuiver, M. & Reimer, P.J. 1987. Users’ guide to the programs CALIB and DISPLAY 2.1. Seattle (WA): University of Washington Quaternary Isotope Lab.Google Scholar
Switsur, V. & West, R. 1975. University of Cambridge natural radiocarbon measurements 13 17: 35 51.Google Scholar
TasiĆ, N. DlmitrijeviĆ, S. & JovanoviĆ, B. 1979. Zaključna razmatranja, in Benac 1979: 17: 417–61.Google Scholar
Tauber, H. 1973. Copenhagen radiocarbon dates 10, Radiocarbon 15: 68 112.Google Scholar
Thera and the Aegean World III 3: Chronology. 1990. London: Thera Foundation. Proceedings of the Third International Congress, Santorini.Google Scholar
Vlcek, E. & Hajek, L. 1963. A ritual well and the find of an Early Bronze Age iron dagger at Gánovce near Poprad (Czechoslovakia), in A Pedro Bosch Gimpera en el septuagésimo aniversario de su nacimiento: 427–39.Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma.Google Scholar
Vogel, J.C. & Waterbolk, H.T. 1963. Groningen radiocarbon dates 4, Radiocarbon 5:183–5.Google Scholar
Vogel, J.C. & Waterbolk, H.T. 1972. Groningen radiocarbon dates 10, Radiocarbon 14:6 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogel, J.S. Cornell, W. Nelson, D.E. & Southon, J.R. 1990. Vesuvius/Avellino, one possible source of seventeenth century BC climatic disturbances, Nature 344:534–7.Google Scholar
Ward, G.K. & Wilson, S.R. 1978. Procedures for comparing and combining radiocarbon age determinations: a critique, Archaeometry 20:19 31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, P.M. 1987. Absolute dating of the Aegean Late Bronze Age, Archaeometry 29:205–11.Google Scholar
Warren, P.M. 1989. Further arguments against an early date. Archaeometry 31:176–9.Google Scholar
Warren, P.M. & Hankey, V. 1989. Aegean Bronze Age chronology. Bedminster Bristol Classical Press.Google Scholar
Waterbolk, H. 1988. C-14 Datierungen von Gomolava, in Tasić, N. (ed.), Gomolava, Chronologie und Stratigraphie der vorgeschichtlichen und antiken Kulturen der Donauniederung und Südeuropas: 117–21. Novi Sad:Vojvodjanski muzej.Google Scholar
Weninger, B. 1990. Theoretical radiocarbon discrepancies, in Thera and the Aegean World 3 3:216–31.Google Scholar