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RHODES AND KOS: EAST DORIAN POTTERY PRODUCTION OF THE ARCHAIC PERIOD

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 August 2017

Alexandra Villing  and
Hans Mommsen
Alexandra Villing*
Affiliation:
Department of Greece and Rome, The British Museum
Hans Mommsen
Affiliation:
Helmholtz Institute for Radiation and Nuclear Physics, University of Bonn
*
avilling@thebritishmuseum.ac.uk
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Abstract

To date, the pottery production of Rhodes, Kos and other ‘East Dorian’ islands and coastal areas remains little understood. This article presents and discusses new neutron activation analysis (NAA) of eighth–sixth-century bc vessels found on Rhodes and in related areas, placing them in the wider context of past and present archaeometric research. The results highlight the role of Kos as a leading regional centre of painted pottery production and export in the seventh–sixth centuries bc, notably of ‘East Dorian’ plates. This includes the famous ‘Euphorbos plate’, which can now be attributed to Koan production. Contemporary Archaic pottery workshops on Rhodes, in contrast, had a less ambitious, if diverse, output, ranging from vessels in a Sub-Geometric tradition, imitation Corinthian wares and modest local versions of Koan- and Ionian-style plates to finely potted and richly decorated ‘Vroulian’ cups and black-figured situlae. It was imported mainland and East Greek wares, however, that dominated the island's consumption of Archaic painted wares. This represents a departure from the preceding Geometric period, which was characterised by a local pottery production of considerable scale and quality, although receptivity to external influences remained a consistent feature throughout later periods. As patterns of demand were changing, the island's craft production appears to have concentrated on a different range of goods in which high-quality figured finewares played a lesser role.

Ρόδος και Κως: κεραμική παραγωγή του ανατολικού δωρικού κόσμου στην aρχαϊκή περίοδο

Η κεραμική παραγωγή της Ρόδου, της Κω και άλλων νησιωτικών και παράκτιων περιοχών του “ανατολικού δωρικού” κόσμου δεν έχει κατανοηθεί επαρκώς μέχρι σήμερα. Το άρθρο παρουσιάζει και συζητά τα αποτελέσματα νέων αναλύσεων με τη μέθοδο της νετρονικής ενεργοποίησης (ΝΑΑ) που πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε αγγεία του 8ου–6ου αιώνα π.Χ. από τη Ρόδο και συναφείς της περιοχές, τοποθετώντας τα στο ευρύτερο πλαίσιο της παρελθούσας και τρέχουσας αρχαιομετρικής έρευνας. Τα αποτελέσματα υπογραμμίζουν το ρόλο της Κω κατά τον 7ο και 6ο αιώνα π.Χ. ως μείζονος τοπικού κέντρου παραγωγής και εξαγωγής λεπτής κεραμικής με γραπτή διακόσμηση, και συγκεκριμένα των “ανατολικο-δωρικών” πινακίων. Σε αυτά περιλαμβάνεται το διάσημο “πινάκιο του Ευφόρβου”, το οποίο μπορεί πλέον να αποδοθεί στην κωακή παραγωγή. Τα σύγχρονα αρχαϊκά εργαστήρια κεραμικής στη Ρόδο παρουσιάζουν, αντιθέτως, μια λιγότερο φιλόδοξη, μολονότι ποικίλη παραγωγή που κυμαίνεται από αγγεία υπογεωμετρικής παράδοσης, απομιμήσεις κορινθιακών αγγείων και ταπεινές τοπικές παραλλαγές κωακών και ιωνικών πινακίων, μέχρι τις λεπτές και πλούσια διακοσμημένες κύλικες του “Ρυθμού της Βρουλιάς” και μελανόμορφες σίτουλες. Παρά ταύτα, είναι οι εισαγωγές από την ηπειρωτική και την ανατολική Ελλάδα εκείνες που κυριαρχούν στην κατανάλωση λεπτής, γραπτής κεραμικής στη Ρόδο των αρχαϊκών χρόνων. Το γεγονός αυτό αντιπροσωπεύει μια απομάκρυνση από την προηγούμενη γεωμετρική περίοδο, η οποία χαρακτηριζόταν από μια αξιόλογης κλίμακας και ποιότητας τοπική κεραμική παραγωγή, μολονότι η δεκτικότητα προς επείσακτες επιδράσεις παρέμενε σταθερό χαρακτηριστικό. Καθώς οι αρχές της ζήτησης μεταβάλλονταν, η μικροτεχνία του νησιού επικεντρώθηκε σε διαφορετικό φάσμα αγαθών, όπου η υψηλής ποιότητας λεπτή κεραμική με εικονιστικό διάκοσμο έπαιζε μικρότερο ρόλο.

Type
Articles
Information
Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 112 , November 2017 , pp. 99 - 154
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 2017 

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Footnotes

Appendices by Richard Jones (School of Humanities – Archaeology, University of Glasgow) and Michela Spataro (Department for Conservation and Scientific Research, The British Museum)

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