Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T11:22:08.222Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Response of milk fat concentration and yield to nutrient supply in dairy cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2011

G. Maxin ,
H. Rulquin  and
F. Glasser
G. Maxin
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR 1080 Dairy Production, F-35590 St-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1080 Dairy Production, F-35000 Rennes, France
H. Rulquin
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR 1080 Dairy Production, F-35590 St-Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1080 Dairy Production, F-35000 Rennes, France
F. Glasser*
Affiliation:
INRA, UR 1213 Herbivores, Site de Theix, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
*
†E-mail: frederic.glasser@clermont.inra.fr
Get access

Abstract

Dietary changes alter dairy cow milk fat concentration (MFC) and yield (MFY) through modifications in the supply of nutrients, which act as precursors or inhibitors of mammary fat synthesis. The current models used to formulate dairy cow diets cannot predict changes in milk fat. The knowledge of the effects of the nutrients on milk fat would help to progress toward this prediction. To this end, we quantified and compared the milk fat responses to variations in the supply of seven nutrients derived from digestion: volatile fatty acids, glucose, proteins, long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and t10,c12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). A database was compiled from studies involving digestive infusions of these nutrients in dairy cows. It included 147 comparisons between a nutrient infusion and a control treatment. The nutrient infusions were limited to the range of physiological variations to mimic nutrient changes after dietary modifications. We established models for the response of MFC, MFY and milk fatty acid (FA) composition to the supply of each nutrient. MFC and MFY responses to the nutrients were significant and linear, except for the MFC response to glucose that was curvilinear. The nutrients differed in their effects on MFC and MFY: acetate, butyrate and LCFA increased MFC and MFY, whereas propionate, glucose and t10,c12-CLA decreased them. Protein infusions increased MFY and decreased MFC because of an increase in milk yield. The effects of numerous interfering factors related to animals, diets or experimental conditions were tested on the residuals of the response models. The responses of milk FA percentages are also provided. When adjusted to the in vivo variations in the nutrients observed after dietary changes, the effects of the different nutrients were moderate. Finally, this study showed that several of these nutrients could contribute to the changes in milk fat production and composition observed after dietary changes. This is a first step toward predicting milk fat response to changes in nutrient supply.

Keywords

milk fatdairy cowmeta-analysisnutrients
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 5 , Issue 8 , August 2011 , pp. 1299 - 1310
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barber, MC, Clegg, RA, Travers, MT, Vernon, RG 1997. Lipid metabolism in the lactating mammary gland. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1347, 101–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bauman, DE, Davis, CL 1974. Biosynthesis of milk fat. In Lactation, a comprehensive treatise (ed. BL Larson and VR Smith), vol. 2, pp. 31–75. Academic Press, New York, USA.Google Scholar
Bauman, DE, Griinari, JM 2001. Regulation and nutritional manipulation of milk fat: low-fat milk syndrome. Livestock Production Science 70, 15–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauman, DE, Griinari, JM 2003. Nutritional regulation of milk fat synthesis. Annual Review of Nutrition 23, 203–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chilliard, Y, Ferlay, A, Doreau, M 2001. Effect of different types of forages, animal fat or marine oils in cow's diet on milk fat secretion and composition, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Livestock Production Science 70, 31–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Glasser, F, Ferlay, A, Bernard, L, Rouel, J, Doreau, M 2007. Diet, rumen biohydrogenation and nutritional quality of cow and goat milk fat. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 109, 828–855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, RA, Clark, JH, Drackley, JK, Blum, SA 1998. Fatty acid flow to the duodenum and in milk from cows fed diets that contained fat and nicotinic acid. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 1078–1088.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corl, BA, Butler, ST, Butler, WR, Bauman, DE 2006. Short communication: Regulation of milk fat yield and fatty acid composition by insulin. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 4172–4175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Veth, M, Griinari, JM, Pfeiffer, AM, Bauman, DE 2004. Effect of CLA on milk fat synthesis in dairy cows: comparison of inhibition by methyl esters and free fatty acids, and relationships among studies. Lipids 39, 365–372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forsback, L, Lindmark-Mansson, H, Andren, A, Akerstedt, M, Andree, L, Svennersten-Sjaunja, K 2010. Day-to-day variation in milk yield and milk composition at the udder-quarter level. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 3569–3577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gagliostro, G, Chilliard, Y 1991. Duodenal rapeseed oil infusion in early and midlactation cows. 2. Voluntary intake, milk production, and composition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 499–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gervais, R, McFadden, JW, Lengi, AJ, Corl, BA, Chouinard, PY 2009. Effects of intravenous infusion of t10,c12 18:2 on mammary lipid metabolism in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 5167–5177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glasser, F, Ferlay, A, Chilliard, Y 2008. Oilseed lipid supplements and fatty acid composition of cow milk: a meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 4687–4703.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griinari, JM, McGuire, MA, Dwyer, DA, Bauman, DE, Palmquist, DL 1997. Role of insulin in the regulation of milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1076–1084.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griinari, JM, Dwyer, DA, McGuire, MA, Bauman, DE, Palmquist, DL, Nurmela, KVV 1998. Trans-octadecenoic acids and milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 1251–1261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guinard, J, Rulquin, H, Verite, R 1994. Effect of graded levels of duodenal infusions of casein on mammary uptake in lactating cows. 1. Major nutrients. Journal of Dairy Science 77, 2221–2231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansen, HO, Knudsen, J 1987. Effect of exogenous long-chain fatty acids on lipid biosynthesis in dispersed ruminant mammary gland epithelial cells: esterification of long-chain exogenous fatty acids. Journal of Dairy Science 70, 1344–1349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvatine, KJ, Bauman, DE 2006. SREBP1 and thyroid hormone responsive spot 14 (S14) are involved in the regulation of bovine mammary lipid synthesis during diet-induced milk fat depression and treatment with CLA. Journal of Nutrition 136, 2468–2474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harvatine, KJ, Boisclair, YR, Bauman, DE 2009. Recent advances in the regulation of milk fat synthesis. Animal 3, 40–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hurtaud, C, Rulquin, H, Vérité, R 1998. Effects of level and type of energy source (volatile fatty acids or glucose) on milk yield, composition and coagulating properties in dairy cows. Reproduction Nutrition Development 38, 315–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ipharraguerre, IR, Clark, JH, Freeman, DE 2005. Varying protein and starch in the diet of dairy cows. I. Effects on ruminal fermentation and intestinal supply of nutrients. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 2537–2555.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kadegowda, AKG, Piperova, LS, Erdman, RA 2008. Principal component and multivariate analysis of milk long-chain fatty acid composition during diet-induced milk fat depression. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 749–759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kadegowda, AKG, Connor, EE, Teter, BB, Sampugna, J, Delmonte, P, Piperova, LS, Erdman, RA 2010. Dietary trans fatty acid isomers differ in their effects on mammary lipid metabolism as well as lipogenic gene expression in lactating mice. Journal of Nutrition 140, 919–924.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lemosquet, S, Delamaire, E, Lapierre, H, Blum, JW, Peyraud, JL 2009a. Effects of glucose, propionic acid, and nonessential amino acids on glucose metabolism and milk yield in Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 3244–3257.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lemosquet, S, Raggio, G, Lobley, GE, Rulquin, H, Guinard-Flament, J, Lapierre, H 2009b. Whole-body glucose metabolism and mammary energetic nutrient metabolism in lactating dairy cows receiving digestive infusions of casein and propionic acid. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 6068–6082.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lock, AL, Tyburczy, C, Dwyer, DA, Harvatine, KJ, Destaillats, F, Mouloungui, Z, Candy, L, Bauman, DE 2007. Trans 10 octadecenoic acid does not reduce milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. Journal of Nutrition 137, 71–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loor, JJ, Ueda, K, Ferlay, A, Chilliard, Y, Doreau, M 2005. Intestinal flow and digestibility of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet supplemented with fish oil, linseed oil, or sunflower oil. Animal Feed Science and Technology 119, 203–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maxin, G, Glasser, F, Rulquin, H 2010. Additive effects of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid and propionic acid on milk fat content and composition in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Research 77, 295–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCarthy, S, Smith, GH 1972. Synthesis of milk fat from β-hydroxybutyrate and acetate by ruminant mammary tissue in vitro. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 260, 185–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minitab Inc. 2007. Meet Minitab 15: user's guide. Minitab Inc., State College, PA, USA.Google Scholar
Nozière, P, Glasser, F, Martin, C, Sauvant, D 2007. Predicting in vivo production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen from dietary characteristics by meta-analysis: description of available data. In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition, EAAP Publication no. 124 (ed. I Ortigues-Marty, N Miraux and W Brand-Williams), pp. 585–586. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overton, TR, Cameron, MR, Elliottt, JP, Clark, JH, Nelson, DR 1995. Ruminal fermentation and passage of nutrients to the duodenum of lactating cows fed mixtures of corn and barley. Journal of Dairy Science 78, 1981–1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmquist, DL, Davis, CL, Brown, RE, Sachan, DS 1969. Availability and metabolism of various substrates in ruminants. V. Entry rate into the body and incorporation into milk fat of β-hydroxybutyrate. Journal of Dairy Science 52, 633–638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perfield, JW, Lock, AL, Griinari, JM, Saebø, A, Delmonte, P, Dwyer, DA, Bauman, DE 2007. Trans-9, cis-11 conjugated linoleic acid reduces milk fat synthesis in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 2211–2218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Piperova, LS, Moallem, U, Teter, BB, Sampugna, J, Yurawecz, MP, Morehouse, KM, Luchini, D, Erdman, RA 2004. Changes in milk fat in response to dietary supplementation with calcium salts of trans-18:1 or conjugated linoleic fatty acids in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 3836–3844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rigout, S, Lemosquet, S, Bach, A, Blum, JW, Rulquin, H 2002. Duodenal infusion of glucose decreases milk fat production in grass silage-fed dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 2541–2550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rigout, S, Hurtaud, C, Lemosquet, S, Bach, A, Rulquin, H 2003. Lactational effect of propionic acid and duodenal glucose in cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 243–253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Romo, GA, Erdman, RA, Teter, BB, Sampugna, J, Casper, DP 2000. Milk composition and apparent digestibilities of dietary fatty acids in lactating dairy cows abomasally infused with cis or trans fatty acids. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 2609–2619.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rook, JAF, Balch, CC, Johnson, VW 1965. Further observations on the effects of intraruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids and of lactic acid on the yield and composition of the milk of the cow. British Journal of Nutrition 19, 93–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roy, A, Ferlay, A, Shingfield, KJ, Chilliard, Y 2006. Examination of the persistency of milk fatty acid composition responses to plant oils in cows given different basal diets, with particular emphasis on trans-C18:1 fatty acids and isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Animal Science 82, 479–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rulquin, H, Hurtaud, C, Lemosquet, S, Peyraud, JL 2007. Effet des nutriments énergétiques sur la production et la teneur en matière grasse du lait de vache. INRA Productions Animales 20, 163–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saebø, A, Saebø, PC, Griinari, JM, Shingfield, KJ 2005. Effect of abomasal infusions of geometric isomers of 10, 12 conjugated linoleic acid on milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. Lipids 40, 823–832.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute (SAS) 2000. SAS user's guide: statistics, version 8.1. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Shingfield, KJ, Griinari, JM 2007. Role of biohydrogenation intermediates in milk fat depression. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 109, 799–816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shingfield, KJ, Bernard, L, Leroux, C, Chilliard, Y 2010. Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants. Animal 4, 1140–1166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shingfield, KJ, Saebø, A, Saebø, PC, Toivonen, V, Griinari, JM 2009. Effect of abomasal infusions of a mixture of octadecenoic acids on milk fat synthesis in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 4317–4329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
St-Pierre, NR 2001. Integrating quantitative findings from multiple studies using mixed model methodology. Journal of Dairy Science 84, 741–755.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Storry, JE, Rook, JAF 1965. Effect in the cow of intraruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids and of lactic acid on the secretion of the component fatty acids of the milk fat and on the composition of blood. Biochemical Journal 96, 210–217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Syrstad, O 1977. Day-to-day variation in milk yield fat content and protein content. Livestock Production Science 4, 141–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanhatalo, A, Varvikko, T, Huhtanen, P 2003. Effects of casein and glucose on responses of cows fed diets based on restrictively fermented grass silage. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 3260–3270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Maxin Supplementary Material

Maxin Supplementary Material

Download Maxin Supplementary Material(File)
File 76.8 KB