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Influence of the metabolic state during lactation on milk production in modern sows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 June 2020

N. G. J. Costermans Open the ORCID record for N. G. J. Costermans [Opens in a new window] ,
N. M. Soede ,
A. Middelkoop ,
B. F. A. Laurenssen ,
R. E. Koopmanschap ,
L. J. Zak ,
E. F. Knol ,
J. Keijer ,
K. J. Teerds  and
B. Kemp
N. G. J. Costermans
Affiliation:
Human and Animal Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, Wageningen6708 WD, The Netherlands Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, Wageningen6708 WD, The Netherlands
N. M. Soede*
Affiliation:
Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, Wageningen6708 WD, The Netherlands
A. Middelkoop
Affiliation:
Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, Wageningen6708 WD, The Netherlands
B. F. A. Laurenssen
Affiliation:
Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, Wageningen6708 WD, The Netherlands
R. E. Koopmanschap
Affiliation:
Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, Wageningen6708 WD, The Netherlands
L. J. Zak
Affiliation:
Topigs Norsvin Research Center B. V., Schoenaker 6, Beuningen6641 SZ, The Netherlands
E. F. Knol
Affiliation:
Topigs Norsvin Research Center B. V., Schoenaker 6, Beuningen6641 SZ, The Netherlands
J. Keijer
Affiliation:
Human and Animal Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, Wageningen6708 WD, The Netherlands
K. J. Teerds
Affiliation:
Human and Animal Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, Wageningen6708 WD, The Netherlands
B. Kemp
Affiliation:
Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University and Research, De Elst 1, Wageningen6708 WD, The Netherlands
*
†E-mail: nicoline.soede@wur.nl
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Abstract

Selection for prolificacy in sows has resulted in higher metabolic demands during lactation. In addition, modern sows have an increased genetic merit for leanness. Consequently, sow metabolism during lactation has changed, possibly affecting milk production and litter weight gain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lactational feed intake on milk production and relations between mobilization of body tissues (adipose tissue or skeletal muscle) and milk production in modern sows with a different lactational feed intake. A total of 36 primiparous sows were used, which were either full-fed (6.5 kg/day) or restricted-fed (3.25 kg/day) during the last 2 weeks of a 24-day lactation. Restricted-fed sows had a lower milk fat percentage at weaning and a lower litter weight gain and estimated milk fat and protein production in the last week of lactation. Next, several relations between sow body condition (loss) and milk production variables were identified. Sow BW, loin muscle depth and backfat depth at parturition were positively related to milk fat production in the last week of lactation. In addition, milk fat production was related to the backfat depth loss while milk protein production was related to the loin muscle depth loss during lactation. Backfat depth and loin muscle depth at parturition were positively related to lactational backfat depth loss or muscle depth loss, respectively. Together, results suggest that sows which have more available resources during lactation, either from a higher amount of body tissues at parturition or from an increased feed intake during lactation, direct more energy toward milk production to support a higher litter weight gain. In addition, results show that the type of milk nutrients that sows produce (i.e. milk fat or milk protein) is highly related to the type of body tissues that are mobilized during lactation. Interestingly, relations between sow body condition and milk production were all independent of feed level during lactation. Sow management strategies to increase milk production and litter growth in modern sows may focus on improving sow body condition at the start of lactation or increasing feed intake during lactation.

Keywords

pigmetabolismfeed intakemilk proteinmilk fat
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 14 , Issue 12 , December 2020 , pp. 2543 - 2553
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Animal Consortium

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