Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T00:55:49.260Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetic (co)variation in skin pigmentation patterns and growth in rainbow trout

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2018

F. H. Rodríguez ,
G. Cáceres ,
J. P. Lhorente ,
S. Newman ,
R. Bangera ,
T. Tadich ,
R. Neira  and
J. M. Yáñez Open the ORCID record for J. M. Yáñez [Opens in a new window]
F. H. Rodríguez
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Av. Floral 1153, Puno 21001, Peru
G. Cáceres
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
J. P. Lhorente
Affiliation:
Aquainnovo S.A., Cardonal s/n, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
S. Newman
Affiliation:
Genus plc, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd. Suite 2200, Hendersonville, NC 37075, USA
R. Bangera
Affiliation:
Akvaforsk Genetics, 6600 Sunndalsora, Norway
T. Tadich
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
R. Neira
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
J. M. Yáñez*
Affiliation:
Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Av. Floral 1153, Puno 21001, Peru Núcleo Milenio INVASAL, Concepción 4030000, Chile
*
†E-mail: jmayanez@uchile.cl
Get access

Abstract

From a physiological-behavioral perspective, it has been shown that fish with a higher density of black eumelanin spots are more dominant, less sensitive to stress, have higher feed intake, better feed efficiency and therefore are larger in size. Thus, we hypothesized that genetic (co)variation between skin pigmentation patterns and growth exists and it is advantageous in rainbow trout. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic relationships between skin pigmentation patterns and BW in a breeding population of rainbow trout. We performed a genetic analysis of pigmentation traits including dorsal color (DC), lateral band (LB) intensity, amount of spotting above (SA) and below (SB) the lateral line, and BW at harvest (HW). Variance components were estimated using a multi-trait linear animal model fitted by restricted maximum likelihood. Estimated heritabilities were 0.08±0.02, 0.17±0.03, 0.44±0.04, 0.17±0.04 and 0.23±0.04 for DC, LB, SA, SB and HW, respectively. Genetic correlations between HW and skin color traits were 0.42±0.13, 0.32±0.14 and 0.25±0.11 for LB, SA and SB, respectively. These results indicate positive, but low to moderate genetic relationships between the amount of spotting and BW in rainbow trout. Thus, higher levels of spotting are genetically associated with better growth performance in this population.

Keywords

Oncorhynchus mykissharvest weightappearanceheritabilitygenetic correlation
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , April 2019 , pp. 675 - 682
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Backström, T, Heynen, M, Brännäs, E, Nilsson, J and Magnhagen, C 2015. Dominance and stress signalling of carotenoid pigmentation in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): lateralization effects? Physiology and Behavior 138, 52–57.Google Scholar
Castanheira, MF, Conceicao, LEC, Millot, S, Rey, S, Bégout, ML, Damsgard, B, Kristiansen, T, Höglund, E, Øverli, Ø and Martins, CIM 2015. Coping styles in farmed fish: consequences for aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture 7, 1–19.Google Scholar
Colihueque, N 2010. Genetics of salmonid skin pigmentation: clues and prospects for improving the external appearance of farmed salmonids. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 20, 71–86.Google Scholar
Ducrest, AL, Keller, L and Roulin, A 2008. Pleiotropy in the melanocortin system, coloration and behavioural syndromes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 23, 502–510.Google Scholar
Dufflocq, P, Lhorente, JP, Bangera, R, Neira, R, Newman, S and Yáñez, JM 2017. Correlated response of flesh color to selection for harvest weight in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Aquaculture 472, 38–43.Google Scholar
Falconer, DS and Mackay, TFC 1996. Introduction to quantitative genetics, 4th edition. Essex, UK.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 2016. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture contributing to food security and nutrition for all. FAO, Rome, Italy.Google Scholar
Fevolden, SE, Røed, K and Fjalestad, K 2003. A combined salt and confinement stress enhances mortality in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) selected for high stress responsiveness. Aquaculture 216, 67–76.Google Scholar
Flores-Mara, R, Rodríguez, FH, Bangera, R, Lhorente, JP, Neira, R, Newman, S and Yáñez, JM 2017. Resistance against infectious pancreatic necrosis exhibits significant genetic variation and is not genetically correlated with harvest weight in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 479, 155–160.Google Scholar
Gallardo, JA, Lhorente, JP and Neira, R 2010. The consequences of including non-additive effects on the genetic evaluation of harvest body weight in Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Genetics Selection Evolution 42, 19.Google Scholar
Gilmour, AR, Gogel, BJ, Cullis, BR, Thompson, R and Butler, D 2009. ASReml user guide release 3.0. VSN International Ltd, Hemel Hempstead, UK.Google Scholar
Gjedrem, T 2012. Genetic improvement for the development of efficient global aquaculture: a personal opinion review. Aquaculture 344, 12–22.Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Pena, D, Gao, G, Baranski, M, Moen, T, Cleveland, BM, Kenney, PB, Vallejo, RL, Palti, Y and Leeds, TD 2016. Genome-wide association study for identifying loci that affect fillet yield, carcass, and body weight traits in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Frontiers in Genetics 7, 203.Google Scholar
Gutierrez, AP, Yáñez, JM, Fukui, S, Swift, B and Davidson, WS 2015. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) for growth rate and age at sexual maturation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). PLoS ONE 10, e0119730.Google Scholar
Haffray, P, Bugeon, J, Pincent, C, Chapuis, H, Mazeiraud, E, Rossignol, MN, Chatain, B, Vandeputte, M and Dupont-Nivet, M 2012. Negative genetic correlations between production traits and head or bony tissues in large all-female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture 368, 145–152.Google Scholar
Henryon, M, Jokumsen, A, Berg, P, Lund, I, Pedersen, PB, Olesen, NJ and Slierendrecht, WJ 2002. Genetic variation for growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, and disease resistance exists within a farmed population of rainbow trout. Aquaculture 209, 59–76.Google Scholar
Houston, RD, Taggart, JB, Cézard, T, Bekaert, M, Lowe, NR, Downing, A, Talbot, R, Bishop, SC, Archibald, AL, Bron, JE, Penman, DJ, Davassi, A, Brew, F, Tinch, AE, Gharbi, K and Hamilton, A 2014. Development and validation of a high density SNP genotyping array for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). BMC Genomics 15, 90.Google Scholar
Janhunen, M, Kause, A, Vehviläinen, H and Järvisalo, O 2012. Genetics of microenvironmental sensitivity of body weight in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) selected for improved growth. PLoS ONE 7, e38766.Google Scholar
Kause, A, Ritola, O and Paananen, T 2004. Breeding for improved appearance of large rainbow trout in two production environments. Aquaculture Research 35, 924–930.Google Scholar
Kause, A, Ritola, O, Paananen, T, Eskelinen, U and Mäntysaari, E 2003. Big and beautiful? Quantitative genetic parameters for appearance of large rainbow trout. Journal of Fish Biology 62, 610–622. Google Scholar
Kittilsen, S, Ellis, T, Schjolden, J, Braastad, B and Øverli, Ø 2009b. Determining stress-responsiveness in family groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using non-invasive measures. Aquaculture 298, 146–152.Google Scholar
Kittilsen, S, Johansen, I, Braastad, B and Øverli, Ø 2012. Pigments, parasites and personalitiy: towards a unifying role for steroid hormones? PLoS ONE 7, e34281.Google Scholar
Kittilsen, S, Schjolden, J, Beitnes-Johansen, I, Shaw, J, Pottinger, T, Sørensen, C, Braastad, BO, Bakken, M and Øverli, Ø 2009a. Melanin-based skin spots reflect stress responsiveness in salmonid fish. Hormones and Behavior 56, 292–298.Google Scholar
Macqueen, DJ, Primmer, C, Houston, R, Nowak, B, Bernatchez, L, Bergseth, S, Davidson, WS, Gallardo-Escárate, C, Goldammer, T, Guiguen, Y, Iturra, P, Kijas, JW, Koop, B, Lien, S, Maass, A, Martin, S, McGinnity, P, Montecino, M, Naish, K, Nichols, K, Ólafsson, K, Omholt, S, Palti, Y, Plastow, G, Rexroad, C 3rd, Rise, M, Ritchie, R, Sandve, SR, Schulte, P, Tello, A, Vidal, R, Vik, JO, Wargelius, A and Yáñez, JM 2017. Functional Annotation of All Salmonid Genomes (FAASG): an international initiative supporting future salmonid research, conservation and aquaculture. BMC Genomics 18, 484.Google Scholar
Øverli, Ø, Nordgreen, J, Mejdell, C, Janczak, A, Kittilsen, S, Johansen, IB and Horsberg, TE 2014. Ectoparasitic sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) affect behavior and brain serotonergic activity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.): perspectives on animal welfare. Physiology and Behavior 132, 44–50.Google Scholar
Øverli, Ø, Pottinger, TG, Carrick, TR, Øverli, E and Winberg, S 2002. Differences in behavior between rainbow trout selected for high- and low-stress responsiveness. Journal of Experimental Biology 205, 391–395.Google Scholar
Palti, Y, Gao, G, Liu, S, Kent, MP, Lien, S, Miller, MR, Rexroad, CE 3rd and Moen, T 2015. The development and characterization of a 57K single nucleotide polymorphism array for rainbow trout. Molecular Ecology Resources 15, 662–672.Google Scholar
Pante, MJR, Gjerde, B, McMillan, I and Misztal, I 2002. Estimation of additive and dominance genetic variances for body weight at harvest in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 204, 383–392.Google Scholar
Pérez, SD, Cánepa, M, Fossati, M, Fernandino, J, Delgadin, T, Canosa, L, Somoza, GM and Vissio, PG 2012. Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) is involved in the regulation of growth hormone in Cichlasoma dimerus (Cichlidae Teleostei). General and Comparative Endocrinology 176, 102–111.Google Scholar
Rodgers, JD, Ewing, RD and Hall, JD 1987. Physiological changes during seaward migration of wild juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 44, 452–457.Google Scholar
Ruíz-Gomez, ML, Huntingford, FA, Øverli, Ø, Thörnqvist, PO and Höglund, E 2011. Response to environmental change in rainbow trout selected for divergent stress coping styles. Physiology and Behavior 102, 317–322.Google Scholar
Sae-Lim, P, Kause, A, Janhunen, M, Vehviläinen, H, Koskinen, H, Gjerde, B, Lillehammer, M and Mulder, HA 2015. Genetic (co)variance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) body weight and its uniformity across production environments. Genetics Selection Evolution 47, 1.Google Scholar
Takahashi, A, Tsuchiya, K, Yamanome, T, Amano, M, Yasuda, A, Yamamori, K and Kawauchi, H 2004. Possible involvement of melanin-concentrating hormone in food intake in a teleost fish, barfin flounder. Peptides 25, 1613–1622.Google Scholar
Taub, S and Palacios, S 2003. La acuicultura en Chile. Techno-Press, Santiago de Chile. 326 pp.Google Scholar
Tsai, HY, Hamilton, A, Tinch, AE, Guy, DR, Gharbi, K, Stear, MJ, Matika, O, Bishop, SC and Houston, RD 2015. Genome wide association and genomic prediction for growth traits in juvenile farmed Atlantic salmon using a high density SNP array. BMC Genomics 16, 969.Google Scholar
Yamanome, T, Amano, M and Takahashi, A 2005. White background reduces the occurrence of staining, activates melanin-concentrating hormone and promotes somatic growth in barfin flounder. Aquaculture 244, 323–329.Google Scholar
Yáñez, JM, Bangera, R, Lhorente, JP, Barría, A, Oyarzún, M, Neira, R and Newman, S 2016a. Negative genetic correlation between resistance against Piscirickettsia salmonis and harvest weight in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Aquaculture 459, 8–13.Google Scholar
Yáñez, JM, Naswa, S, López, ME, Bassini, L, Correa, K, Gilbey, J, Bernatchez, L, Norris, A, Neira, R, Lhorente, JP, Schnable, PS, Newman, S, Mileham, A, Deeb, N, Di Genova, A and Maass, A. 2016b. Genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): validation in wild and farmed American and European populations. Molecular Ecology Resources 16, 1002–1011.Google Scholar
Yáñez, JM, Newman, S and Houston, RD 2015. Genomics in aquaculture to better understand species biology and accelerate genetic progress. Frontiers in Genetics 6, 128.Google Scholar
Yoshida, GM, Bangera, R, Carvalheiro, R, Correa, K, Figueroa, R, Lhorente, JP and Yáñez, JM 2018a. Genomic prediction accuracy for resistance against Piscirickettsia salmonis in farmed rainbow trout. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics 8, 719–726.Google Scholar
Yoshida, GM, Carvalheiro, R, Rodriguez, F, Lhorente, JP and Yáñez, JM 2018b. Single-step genomic evaluation improves accuracy of breeding value predictions for resistance to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in rainbow trout. Genomics (In Press). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.01.008.Google Scholar
Yoshida, GM, Lhorente, JP, Carvalheiro, R and Yáñez, JM 2017. Bayesian genome‐wide association analysis for body weight in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Animal Genetics 48, 698–703. Google Scholar