Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T07:52:39.644Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of immunocastration and β-adrenergic agonists on the performance and carcass traits of feedlot finished Nellore cattle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2017

D. S. Antonelo ,
M. R. Mazon ,
K. E. Z. Nubiato ,
J. F. M. Gómez ,
D. J. Brigida ,
R. C. Gomes ,
A. S. Netto ,
P. R. Leme  and
S. L. Silva
D. S. Antonelo
Affiliation:
Animal Science Department, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
M. R. Mazon
Affiliation:
Animal Science Department, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
K. E. Z. Nubiato
Affiliation:
Animal Science Department, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
J. F. M. Gómez
Affiliation:
Animal Science Department, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
D. J. Brigida
Affiliation:
Animal Science Department, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
R. C. Gomes
Affiliation:
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande, 79106-550, Brazil
A. S. Netto
Affiliation:
Animal Science Department, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
P. R. Leme
Affiliation:
Animal Science Department, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
S. L. Silva*
Affiliation:
Animal Science Department, College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, 13635-900, Brazil
*
†E-mail: sauloluz@usp.br
Get access

Abstract

β-Adrenergic agonists (β-AA) are non-hormonal growth promoters which promote muscle hypertrophy in supplemented animals. The effects of two β-AA in combination with the immunocastration technique on the performance and carcass traits were evaluated using 96 feedlot Nellore males in a randomized complete block design with two sex conditions (immunocastrated (IC) v. non-castrated (NC)) and three treatments: CON (no β-agonists added), RH (300 mg of ractopamine hydrochloride/day, for 33 days) or ZH (80 mg of zilpaterol·hydrochloride animal/day for 30 days, removed 3 days for required withdrawal period). The trial was carried for 100 days where in the first 70 days animals did not receive β-AA (phase 1) and during the last 30 days they were treated with β-AA (phase 2). The performance and ultrasound measurements of longissimus muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BFT) and rump fat thickness (RFT) were evaluated in both phases. No sex condition v. treatment interactions were observed for any trait. The NC animals had higher average daily gain (ADG) and final BW than the IC animals, but they did not differ in dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (gain to feed). The NC animals showed greater LMA (P=0.0001) and hot carcass weight (P=0.0006), and smaller BFT (P=0.0007), RFT (P=0.0039) and percentage of kidney, pelvic and heart fat (P<0.0001) when compared with IC animals. The animals fed ZH showed greater ADG (P=0.0002), G : F (P<0.0001) and dressing per cent (P=0.0136) than those fed RH and CON diets. No differences in BW and DMI were observed. A interaction between treatment and time on feed was observed for LMA and BFT, in which the animals fed ZH diet showed greater LMA (P<0.01) and lower BFT (P<0.01) at 100 days than the animals fed RH and CON diets, whereas RH and CON diets did not differ. Immunocastration decreases muscle development and increases carcass finishing. In contrast, β-AA increases muscle and decreases fat deposition. The ZH has a higher action on the muscle metabolism than animals fed RH diet. However, RH diet achieves a better balance because it has an intermediary performance between non-supplemented and ZH animals and does not decrease the carcass fat.

Keywords

animal nutritionBos indicusgrowthractopaminezilpaterol
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 11 , Issue 11 , November 2017 , pp. 2103 - 2110
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abney, CS, Vasconcelos, JT, McMeniman, JP, Keyser, SA, Wilson, KR, Vogel, GJ and Galyean, ML 2007. Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride on performance, rate and variation in feed intake, and acid-base balance in feedlot cattle. Journal of Animal Science 85, 3090–3098.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adams, TE and Adams, BM 1992. Feedlot performance of steers and bulls actively immunized against gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Journal of Animal Science 70, 1691–1698.Google Scholar
Adams, TE, Daley, CA, Adams, BM and Sakurai, H 1993. Testis function and feedlot performance of bulls actively immunized against gonadotropin-releasing hormone: effect of implants containing progesterone and estradiol benzoate. Journal of Animal Science 71, 811–817.Google Scholar
Amatayakul-Chantler, S, Hoe, F, Jackson, JA, Roça, RO, Stegner, JE, King, V, Howard, R, Lopez, E and Walker, J 2013. Effects on performance and carcass and meat quality attributes following immunocastration with the gonadotropin releasing factor vaccine Bopriva or surgical castration of Bos indicus bulls raised on pasture in Brazil. Meat Science 95, 78–84.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amatayakul-Chantler, S, Jackson, JA, Stegner, J, King, V, Rubio, LMS, Howard, R, Lopez, E and Walker, J 2012. Immunocastration of Bos indicus x Brown Swiss bulls in feedlot with gonadotropin-releasing hormone vaccine Bopriva provides improved performance and meat quality. Journal of Animal Science 90, 3718–3728.Google Scholar
Andreo, N, Bridi, AM, Tarsitano, MA, Peres, LM, Barbon, APAC, Andrade, EL and Prohmann, PEF 2013. Influence of immunocastration (Bopriva®) in weight gain, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Nellore. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 34, 4121–4132.Google Scholar
Arp, TS, Howard, ST, Woerner, DR, Scanga, JA, McKenna, DR, Kolath, WH, Chapman, PL, Tatum, JD and Belk, KE 2014. Effect of dietary ractopamine hydrochloride and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on performance, carcass traits, and carcass cutability in beef steers. Journal of Animal Science 92, 836–843.Google Scholar
Avendaño-Reyes, L, Torres-Rodríguez, V, Meraz-Murillo, FJ, Pérez-Linares, C, Figueroa-Saavedra, F and Robinson, PH 2006. Effect of two b-adrenergic agonists on finishing performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of feedlot steers. Journal of Animal Science 84, 3259–3265.Google Scholar
Beckett, JL, Delmore, RJ, Duff, GC, Yates, DA, Allen, DM, Lawrence, TM and Elam, N 2009. Effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride on growth rates, feed conversion, and carcass traits in calf-fed Holstein steers. Journal of Animal Science 87, 4092–4100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boler, DD, Shreck, AL, Faulkner, DB, Killefer, J, McKeith, FK, Homm, JW and Scanga, JA 2012. Effect of ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx) dose on live animal performance, carcass characteristics and tenderness in early weaned beef steers. Meat Science 92, 458–463.Google Scholar
Cook, RB, Popp, JD, Kastelic, JP, Robbins, S and Harland, R 2000. The effects of active immunization against GnRH on testicular development feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of beef bulls. Journal of Animal Science 78, 2778–2783.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunshea, FR, D’Souza, DN, Pethick, DW, Harper, GS and Warner, RD 2005. Effects of dietary factors and other metabolic modifiers on quality and nutritional value of meat. Meat Science 71, 8–38.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 2012. Information sheet – Discussion on ractopamine in codex and in the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Retrieved on 20 December 2016 from http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/agns/pdf/Ractopamine_info_sheet_Codex-JECFA_rev_26April2012__2_.pdf Google Scholar
Hilton, GG, Montgomery, JL, Krehbiel, CR, Yates, DA, Hutcheson, JP, Nichols, WT, Streeter, MN, Blanton, JR Jr and Miller, MF 2008. Effects of feeding Zilpaterol hydrochloride with and without monesin and tylosin on carcass cutability and meat palatability of beef steers. Journal of Animal Science 87, 1394–1406.Google Scholar
Howard, ST, Woerner, DR, Vote, DJ, Scanga, JA, Acheson, RJ, Chapman, PL, Bryant, TC, Tatum, JD and Belk, KE 2014. Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on carcass cutability of calf-fed Holstein steers. Journal of Animal Science 92, 369–375.Google Scholar
Jannet, F, Gerig, T, Tschuor, AC, Amatayakul-Chantler, S, Walker, J, Howard, R, Bollwein, H and Thun, R 2012. Vaccination against gonadotropin-releasing factor (GnRF) with Bopriva significantly decreases testicular development, serum testosterone levels and physical activity in pubertal bulls. Theriogenology 78, 182–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McEvers, TJ, Walter, LJ, DeFoor, PJ, Swingle, RS, Hutcheson, JP and Lawrence, TE 2014. The effect of supplementing zilpaterol hydrochloride on feeding performance and carcass characteristics of steers sorted by leptin genotype. Journal of Animal Science 92, 332–338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ministério Da Agricultura, Pecuária E Abastecimento (MAPA) 2013. Beta-agonistas: plano nacional de controle de resíduos e contaminantes – PNCRC, do ministério da agricultura, pecuária e abastecimento – MAPA versus restrições comerciais de países importadores de carne bovina do Brasil. Retrieved on 20 March 2016 from http://www.agricultura.gov.br/arq_editor/file/CRC/CFA-Beta-agonistas.pdf Google Scholar
Montgomery, JL, Krehbiel, CR, Cranston, JJ, Yates, DA, Hutcheson, JP, Nichols, WT, Streeter, MN, Bechtol, DT, Johnson, E, Terhune, T and Montgomery, TH 2009. Dietary zilpaterol hydrochloride. I. Feedlot performance and carcass traits of steers and heifers. Journal of Animal Science 87, 1374–1383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moody, DE, Hancock, DL and Anderson, DB 2000. Phenethanolamine repartitioning agents. In Farm Animal Metabolism and Nutrition (ed. JPF D’Mello), pp. 65–96. CAB International, New York, NY, USA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muchenje, V, Dzama, K, Chimonyo, M, Strydom, PE, Hugo, A and Raats, JG 2009. Some biochemical aspects pertaining to beef eating quality and consumer health: a review. Food Chemistry 112, 279–289.Google Scholar
National Research Council 2000. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, 7th edition (updated). NRC, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Pacheco, PS, Silva, JHS, Restle, J, Arboitte, MZ, Brondani, IL, Alves Filho, DC and Freitas, AK 2005. Carcass quantitative characteristics of steers and young steers of different genetic groups. Revista Brasileira Zootecnia 34, 1666–1677.Google Scholar
Page, JK, Wulf, DM and Schwotzer, TR 2001. A survey of beef muscle color and pH. Journal of Animal Science 79, 678–687.Google Scholar
Quinn, ML, Reinhardt, CD, Loe, ER, Depenbusch, BE, Corrigan, ME, May, ML and Drouillard, JS 2008. The effects of ractopamine-hydrogen chloride (Optaflexx) on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing feedlot heifers. Journal of Animal Science 86, 902–908.Google Scholar
Ramos, F and Silveira, MIN 2002. Agonistas adrenérgicos β2 e produção animal: III – Efeitos zootécnicos e qualidade da carne. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências Veterinárias 97, 51–62.Google Scholar
Raymond, R 2013. Having agony over the agonists? Perspective from a former USDA Food Safety Official. Retrieved on 20 December 2016 from https://factsaboutbeef.com/2013/08/02/having-agony-over-the-agonists-perspective-from-a-former-usda-food-safety-official/ Google Scholar
Ribeiro, ELA, Hernandez, JA, Zanella, EL, Shimokomaki, M, Prudêncio-Ferreira, SH, Youssef, E, Ribeiro, HJSS, Bogden, R and Reeves, JJ 2004. Growth and carcass characteristics of pasture fed LHRH imunocastrated, castrated and intact Bos indicus bulls. Meat Science 68, 285–290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strydom, PE, Frylinck, L, Montgomery, JL and Smith, MF 2009. The comparison of three B-agonists for growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of feedlot cattle. Meat Science 81, 557–564.Google Scholar
Vasconcelos, JT, Hathmann, RJ, Reuter, RR, Leibovich, J, McMeniman, JP, Hales, KE, Covey, TL, Miller, MF, Nichols, WT and Galyean, ML 2008. Effects of duration of zilpaterol hydrochloride feeding and days on the finishing diet on feedlot cattle performance and carcass traits. Journal of Animal Science 86, 2005–2015.Google Scholar
Winterholler, SJ, Parsons, GL, Walker, DK, Quinn, MJ, Drouillard, JS and Johnson, BJ. 2008. Effect of feedlot management system on response to ractopamine-HCL in yearling steers. Journal of Animal Science 86, 2401–2414.Google Scholar