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Developmental programming of skeletal muscle phenotype/metabolism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2009

T. C. W. Markham ,
R. M. Latorre ,
P. G. Lawlor ,
C. J. Ashton ,
L. B. McNamara ,
R. Natter ,
A. Rowlerson  and
N. C. Stickland
T. C. W. Markham*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, UK
R. M. Latorre
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Apartado 4021, Murcia 30100, Spain
P. G. Lawlor
Affiliation:
Teagasc, Pig Production Development Unit, Moorepark Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
C. J. Ashton
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, UK
L. B. McNamara
Affiliation:
Teagasc, Pig Production Development Unit, Moorepark Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
R. Natter
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
A. Rowlerson
Affiliation:
School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
N. C. Stickland
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, UK
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Abstract

Skeletal muscle is a highly dynamic and malleable tissue that is able to adapt to different stimuli placed upon it, both during gestation and after birth, ultimately resulting in anatomical changes to muscle fibre composition. Variation in nutrient supply throughout gestation is common, whether in livestock or in the human. The specific effects of maternal nutrition on foetal development are at the forefront of scientific research. However, results describing how different maternal feeding strategies affect skeletal muscle fibre development in the offspring are not fully consistent, even where the same time windows during gestation have been examined. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of increased maternal nutrition (above the recommended levels) on the Musculus semitendinosus phenotype of progeny. In all, 24 pregnant sows were assigned to one of four feeding regimes during gestation; T1 (control group): 30 MJ digestible energy per day (MJ DE/day) throughout gestation, T2: same as that for T1 but increased to 60 MJ DE/day from 25 to 50 days of gestation (dg), T3: same as that for T1 but increased to 60 MJ DE/day from 50 to 80 dg, T4: same as that for T1 but increased nutrition to 60 MJ DE/day from 25 to 80 dg. Light- and heavy-weight littermate pairs of the same sex were selected at birth and individually fed to slaughter (c. 158 days). Histochemical and immunohistochemical staining were used to identify the predominantly oxidative (deep) and less oxidative (superficial) regions of the M. semitendinosus, and to determine total fibre number and proportions of fibre types. The results demonstrate that increased maternal nutrition alters skeletal muscle phenotype in the offspring by changing fibre-type proportions, leading to an increased oxidative capacity due to an increase in Type IIA fibres. No change in total muscle area, total muscle fibre number, or fibre cross-sectional area is observed. The precise molecular mechanism(s) by which these findings occur is being investigated.

Keywords

musclefibre typesnutritiongestationpig
Type
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animal , Volume 3 , Issue 7 , July 2009 , pp. 1001 - 1012
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2009

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