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Goat kids are not small calves: Species comparisons in relation to disbudding

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2023

MN Hempstead ,
JR Waas ,
M Stewart  and
MA Sutherland
MN Hempstead*
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1809 South Riverside Drive, Ames, Iowa, USA Animal Behaviour and Welfare, AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand School of Science, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
JR Waas
Affiliation:
School of Science, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand
M Stewart
Affiliation:
InterAg, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand Ministry of Primary Industries, Pipitea, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
MA Sutherland
Affiliation:
Animal Behaviour and Welfare, AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand
*
* Contact for correspondence: mnhempstead@gmail.com
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Abstract

Limited scientific literature is available for developing ‘best practice’ guidelines for the management of dairy goats (Capra hircus), particularly goat kids. Disbudding practices for kids and calves appear to be similar; however, it is important to recognise that kids are not small calves. Disbudding causes pain and is performed on calves and kids — welfare concerns surrounding disbudding affect both industries. In this review, we evaluate literature on disbudding of kids and calves and compare methodologies across the two species. In addition, we catalogue behavioural and physiological responses to disbudding and, finally, review alternatives to disbudding (or refinements). Although there may be certain similarities between the response of goat kids and calves to cautery disbudding, it is important to highlight the differences that do exist between the species to reduce the risk of potential detrimental effects (eg brain injury). Cautery disbudding is the most common and efficacious method of disbudding kids and calves; however, kids have thinner skulls and are disbudded at a younger age, which can increase the risk of thermal injury to the brain. Kids and calves show behavioural and physiological responses indicative of pain; however, variability in these responses between studies are likely due to differences in disbudding methodologies, study design and within-species variation. Effective pain mitigation strategies may differ across species; therefore, future research is needed to optimise pain mitigation strategies for kids. Currently, alternatives to cautery disbudding including: (i) selection for polled animals; (ii) managing horned animals; or (iii) the development of novel disbudding methods (eg cryosurgery, clove oil injection) have been deemed unsuitable by the industries as the methods are either impracticable or ineffective. Therefore, if disbudding is to continue, species-appropriate pain mitigation strategies need to be refined. Establishing best practice guidelines for disbudding kids requires managers to recognise that they are not small calves.

Keywords

animal welfarecalvesdehorningdisbuddinggoat kidspain mitigation
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Welfare , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , August 2020 , pp. 293 - 312
Copyright
© 2020 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare

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