Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T08:49:23.077Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of clover silages on long chain fatty acid rumen transformations and digestion in beef steers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

M. R. F. Lee ,
L. J. Harris ,
R. J. Dewhurst ,
R. J. Merry  and
N. D. Scollan
Get access

Abstract

Ten Hereford ✕ Friesian steers prepared with rumen, duodenal and ileal cannulae were offered ad libitum access to either grass (G), white clover (W) or red clover (R) silage or mixtures of the grass silage with the clover silages (GW and GR; 60: 40 dry matter (DM) basis). The experiment was conducted as a two-period change-over design within each clover treatment, with grass silage as an experimental control. The clover silages had higher concentrations of DM, nitrogen (N), and total fatty acids and lower concentrations of fibre (P < 0·05) than the grass silage. Rumen fermentation characteristics were similar between treatments apart from a slight elevation of n-butyric acid levels with white clover silage diets (P < 0·05). Duodenal flows of DM, organic matter (OM), total and microbial nitrogen (MN) were significantly higher (P < 0·05) with the white clover silage treatments compared with the grass silage diet. However there were no significant differences in the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis with a mean value of 27·1 g MN per kg OM apparently digested in the rumen. Duodenal flows of total fatty acids per unit intake were not significantly different, although there was a trend (P < 0·1) for increased flows with the white clover silage diets. Duodenal flows of cis-vaccenic acid (P < 0·01), linoleic acid (P < 0·05), α-linolenic acid (P < 0·05) and cis-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (P < 0·05) were higher for the clover silages, particularly white clover silage. The increased flows of α-linolenic and linoleic acids remained significant after correcting for differences in DM intake. Biohydrogenation of linoleic (mean = 0·83) and α-linolenic (mean = 0·86) acids was extensive for all diets but the latter was significantly lower (P < 0·01) for the diets based on red clover silage. These results suggest potential for modifying the fatty acid composition of ruminant products by feeding clover silages.

Keywords

clover silagedigestionhydrogenationlong chain fatty acidssteers
Type
Ruminant nutrition, behaviour and production
Information
Animal Science , Volume 76 , Issue 3 , June 2003 , pp. 491 - 501
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council. 1980. The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Unwin Brothers, Old Woking.Google Scholar
Ashes, J. R., Gulati, S. K., Cook, L. J. and Scott, T. W. 1979. Assessing the biological effectiveness of protected lipid supplements for ruminants. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 56: 552–557.Google Scholar
Bauman, D. E., Corl, B. A., Bauggard, L. H. and Griinari, J. M. 2001. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the dairy cow. In Recent advances in animal nutrition (ed. Garnsworthy, P. C., and Wiseman, J.), pp. 221–250. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham.Google Scholar
Cheng, Z., Robinson, R. S., Pushpakumara, P. G. A., Mansbridge, R. J. and Wathes, D. C. 2001. Effect of dietary polyunaturated fatty acids on uterine prostaglandin synthesis in the cow. Journal of Endocrinology 171: 463–473.Google Scholar
Demeyer, D. and Doreau, M. 1999. Targets and procedures for altering ruminant meat and milk lipids. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58: 593–607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dewhurst, R. J., Evans, R. T., Scollan, N. D., Moorby, J. M., Merry, R. J. and Wilkins, R. J. 2003a. Inoculated legume silage for milk production. 2. Effects on rumen fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science In press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewhurst, R. J., Fisher, W. J., Tweed, J. K. S. and Wilkins, R. J. 2003b. Inoculated legume silage for milk production. 1. Intake and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science In press.Google Scholar
Dewhurst, R. J., Scollan, N. D., Lee, M. R. F., Ougham, H. J. and Humphreys, M. O. 2003c. Forage breeding goals to increase the beneficial fatty acid content of ruminant products. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society In press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doreau, M. and Chilliard, Y. 1997. Effects of ruminal or postruminal fish oil supplementation on intake and digestion in dairy cows. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 37: 113–124.Google Scholar
Doreau, M. and Ferlay, A. 1994. Digestion and utilisation of fatty acids by ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology 45: 379–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engle, T. E., Fellner, V. and Spears, J. W. 2001. Copper status, serum cholesterol, and milk fatty acid profile in Holstein cows fed varying concentrations of copper. Journal of Dairy Science 84: 2308–2313.Google Scholar
Enser, M., Hallett, K., Hewitt, B., Fursey, G. A. J., Wood, J. D. and Harrington, G. 1998. Fatty acid content and composition of UK beef and lamb muscle in relation to production system and implications for human nutrition. Meat Science 49: 329–341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Faichney, G. J. 1975. The use of markers to partition digestion within the gastro-intestinal tract of ruminants. In Digestion and metabolism in the ruminant (ed. McDonald, I. W. and Warner, A. C. I.), pp. 277–291. University of New England Publishing Unit, Armidale.Google Scholar
Fotouhi, N. and Jenkins, T. C. 1992. Resistance of fatty acyl amides to degradation and hydrogenation by ruminal microorganisms. Journal of Dairy Science 75: 1527–1532.Google Scholar
Gerson, T., John, A. and King, A. S. D. 1986. Effects of feeding ryegrass of varying maturity on the metabolism and composition of lipids in the rumen. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 106: 445–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerson, T., John, A. and Sinclair, B. R. 1983. The effect of dietary N on in vitro lipolysis and fatty acid hydrogenation in rumen digesta from sheep fed diets high in starch. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 101: 97–101.Google Scholar
Gerson, T., King, A. S. D., Kelly, K. E. and Kelly, W. J. 1988. Influence of particle size and surface area on in vitro rates of gas production, lipolysis of triacylglycerol and hydrogenation of linoleic acid by sheep rumen digesta or Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 110: 31–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, F. J., Cooper, K. M., Park, R. S. and Steen, R. W. J. 1998. The prediction of intake potential and organic matter digestibility of grass silages from near infrared spectroscopy analysis of undried samples. Animal Feed Science and Technology 70: 339–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, U. K., Zheng, Y. N., Xu, B. J., Okuda, H. and Kimura, Y. 2002. Saponins from Platycodi radix ameliorate high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Journal of Nutrition 132: 2241–2245.Google Scholar
Hussein, H. S., Merchen, N. R. and Fahey, G. C. 1996. Effects of chemical treatment of whole canola seed on digestion of long-chain fatty acids by steers fed high or low forage diets. Journal of Dairy Science 79: 87–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jarrett, I. G. 1948. The production of rumen and abomasal fistulae in sheep. Journal of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research 21: 311–315.Google Scholar
Jenkins, T. C. 1993. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science 76: 3851–3863.Google Scholar
Jones, B. A., Hatfield, R. D. and Muck, R. E. 1995. Screening clover forages for soluble phenols, polyphenol oxidase and extract browning. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 67: 109–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawes Agricultural Trust. 2000. Genstat 5. Lawes Agricultural Trust, Harpenden, UK.Google Scholar
Lee, M. R. F., Harris, L. J., Moorby, J. M., Humphreys, M. O., Theodorou, M. K., MacRae, J. C. and Scollan, N. D. 2002. Rumen metabolism and nitrogen flow to the small intestine in steers offered Lolium perenne containing different levels of water-soluble carbohydrate. Animal Science 74: 587–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, D., Zhang, H., Hsu-Hage, B. -H., Wahlqvist, M. L. and Sinclair, A. J. 2001. The influence of fish, meat and polyunsaturated fat intakes on platelet phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids in male Melbourne Chinese and Caucasian. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 55: 1036–1042.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merry, R. J. and McAllan, A. B. 1983. A comparison of the chemical composition of mixed bacteria harvested from the liquid and solid fractions of rumen digesta. British Journal of Nutrition 50: 701–709.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Newbold, C. J., Stewart, C. S. and Wallace, R. J. 2001. Developments in rumen fermentation — the scientist’s view. In Recent advances in animal nutrition (ed. Garnsworthy, P. C. and Wiseman, J.), pp. 251–279. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham.Google Scholar
Outen, G. E., Beever, D. E., Osbourn, D. F. and Thomson, D. J. 1975. The digestion of lipids of processed red clover herbage by sheep. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 26: 1381–1389.Google Scholar
Piolot, A., Dubreuil, D., Boulet, L., Fortin, L. J., Davignon, J. and Lussier-Cacan, S. 1995. Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on lipid peroxidation, plasma homocysteine levels and antioxidant status in normolipidemic subjects. Atherosclerosis 115: S45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polan, C. E., McNeill, J. J. and Tove, S. B. 1964. Biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids by rumen bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology 88: 1056–1064.Google Scholar
Schauff, D. J. and Clark, J. H. 1989. Effects of prilled fatty acids and calcium salts of fatty acids in rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibilities, milk production and milk composition. Journal of Dairy Science 72: 917–927.Google Scholar
Scollan, N. D., Dhanoa, M. S., Choi, N. J., Maeng, W. J., Enser, M. and Wood, J. D. 2001. Biohydrogenation and digestion of long chain fatty acids in steers fed on different sources of lipid. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 136: 345–355.Google Scholar
Scollan, N. D., Lee, M. R. F. and Enser, M. 2003. Biohydrogenation and digestion of long chain fatty acids in steers fed on Lolium perenne bred for elevated levels of water-soluble carbohydrate. Animal Research In press.Google Scholar
Thomas, C., Gibbs, B. G. and Tayler, J. C. 1981. Beef production from silage. 2. The performance of beef cattle given silages of either perennial ryegrass or red clover. Animal Production 32: 149–153.Google Scholar
Thornton, R. F. and Minson, D. J. 1972. The relationship between voluntary intake and mean apparent retention time in the rumen. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 23: 871–877.Google Scholar
Wachira, A. M., Sinclair, L. A., Wilkinson, R. G., Hallett, K., Enser, M. and Wood, J. D. 2000. Rumen biohydrogenation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their effects on microbial efficiency and nutrient digestibility in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 135: 419–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Z., Ohajuruka, O. A. and Palmquist, D. L. 1991. Ruminal synthesis, biohydrogenation, and digestibility of fatty acids by dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3025–3034.Google Scholar