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Phenotypic characterization, population structure, breeding management and recommend breeding strategy for Fogera cattle (Bos indicus) in Northwestern Amhara, Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2016

Endalkachew Girma ,
Kefyalew Alemayehu ,
Solomon Abegaze  and
Damitie Kebede
Endalkachew Girma*
Affiliation:
Bahir Dar University Biotechnology Research Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, P.O. Box 79
Kefyalew Alemayehu
Affiliation:
Bahir Dar University Biotechnology Research Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, P.O. Box 79
Solomon Abegaze
Affiliation:
Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Damitie Kebede
Affiliation:
Bahir Dar University Biotechnology Research Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, P.O. Box 79
*
Correspondence to: G. Endalkachew, Bahir Dar University Biotechnology Research Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. email: endalkgirma21@gmail.com
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Summary

The study was carried out in selected districts in the Northwestern Amhara, from October 2012 to May 2013. The objective of the study were to undertake on-farm and on-station phenotypic characterization of Fogera Cattle in comparison with two different local cattle population, to characterize the population structure and to identifying trait preferences, breeding management and to recommend breeding strategy for Fogera cattle. Both purposive and random samplings were employed. Data were gathered through semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, field observations, census data, direct count and body measurements. About 126 smallholder farmers were interviewed. About 21 quantitative and 17 qualitative phenotypic data types were also generated from 332 cattle. The Effective population size (Ne) and rate of inbreeding (ΔF) were calculated from the counted population structure data. Both GLM procedures of SAS and descriptive statistics of SPSS software's were employed for data analyses. The results indicated that Fogera cattle were kept mostly for milk (97.62 percent). The main threats identified for the survival of Fogera cattle were scarcity of feed resources and interbreeding with other indigenous cattle, which are less demanding in terms of feed. Fogera cattle population has specific morphological appearance. Generally about 65.2 percent of male pure-Fogera cattle population are having large hump and large dewlap (93.5 percent) with cervico-thoracic (82.6 percent) hump position and long tail (97.8 percent), respectively. The coat pattern of male pure-Fogera cattle is dominated by the spotted coat pattern (82.6 percent) with 43.5 percent white black and 39.1 percent black white coat colour. Female Fogera cattle have medium (94.4 percent) hump size at cervico-thoracic positions (73.2 percent), large dewlap (62.7 percent) and long tail which is well below the hock (91.5 percent). The coat pattern of female pure-Fogera cattle is dominated by white spotted (80.3 percent) with 43.0 percent white black and 33.1 percent black white coat colour Most of the quantitative traits were highly significantly (P ≤ 0.001) affected by breed type. Except horn length and horn space all of quantitative traits for both sexes of pure-Fogera cattle from on-station were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) larger than those of the on-farm. The average linear body measurement taken on a total of 46 male pure-Fogera cattle populations were 42.68 ± 0.56 cm (mouth circumference), 16.35 ± 0.72 cm (horn length), 37.04 ± 1.16 cm (dewlap width) and 129.17 ± 1.33 cm (height at wither). The average linear body measurements for female pure-Fogera cattle were 38.23 ± 0.18 cm (mouth circumference), 13.81 ± 0.37 cm (horn length), 27.20 ± 0.42 cm (dewlap width) and 123.68 ± 0.52 cm (height at wither). The population structure were dominated by Pure-Fogera constituting 37.02 percent, Interbred with Fogera (33.71 percent) and non-Fogera (29.23 percent). The effective population size of pure-Fogera cattle was 4295, with 9016 total population. The average inbreeding level for the population was 0.012 percent. Inbreeding is at a low level and the effective population size is large. The calculated parameters indicate satisfactory genetic diversity in Fogera cattle. Milk yield, colour, power, body size and growth rate of Fogera were the most dominant traits perceived to be good by the respondents. The special qualification of this breed is to live at high amount of flooding areas with adapting other very challenging environment. Pure breeding of pure-Fogera, interbred with Fogera and non-Fogera type of breeds was used for breeding practice with natural mating. The Andassa Research Center established in 1964 as Fogera cattle population improving centre, but according to different source, population viability and population structure indicated that the population are not viable and highly admixture with other indigenous cattle breeds. According to this in order to improve the population status of Fogera cattle we recommended control with open-nucleus breeding strategy. So in order to minimize the risk status of this breed and conserve for the future generation any responsible agent should be given priority.

Résumé

L'accroissement individuel des coefficients de consanguinité (ΔFi) a été recommandé comme une mesure alternative de la consanguinité du fait qu'il tient compte des différences dans la connaissance que l'on a de la généalogie des animaux individuels et vu qu'il évite la surestimation résultant d'un plus grand nombre de générations connues. L'effet de la consanguinité (F) et de la consanguinité équivalente (EF), celles-ci calculées à partir de ΔFi, sur les paramètres de croissance a été étudié dans des troupeaux de moutons Nilagiri et Sandyno. L’étude s'est basée sur des données conservées à la Station de Recherche pour l'Amélioration des Ovins (Sandynallah). La généalogie était moins connue et le nombre équivalent de générations était plus faible pour les moutons Sandyno que pour les moutons Nilagiri. Les valeurs moyennes de F et de EF pour la population Nilagiri ont été respectivement de 2,17 et 2,44, avec les valeurs correspondantes pour les moutons Sandyno ayant été respectivement de 0,83 et 0,84. Dans les deux populations, l’évolution suivie au cours des années par la consanguinité montre que EF était plus élevée dans les premières générations, pour lesquelles moins d'information sur la généalogie était disponible. Parmi les effets significatifs de la consanguinité, la dépression de la croissance a varié de 0,04 kg pour le poids au sevrage à 0,10 kg pour le poids à un an de vie pour chaque 1 pour cent d'augmentation de la consanguinité. En général, les caractères affectés par la consanguinité ont été plus nombreux chez les moutons Nilagiri, pour lesquels une plus forte dépression des paramètres de croissance avec F qu'avec EF a été observée. L'obtention de valeurs plus élevées pour EF que pour F dans les premières générations des deux populations révèle que EF a évité la possible surestimation du coefficient de consanguinité dans les générations récentes. La dépression de la croissance par l'effet significatif de la consanguinité a été plus forte dans la population Sandyno. Les différences décelées dans les deux populations pour ce qui est de la réponse à F et à EF et les causes possibles de ces différences sont dûment discutées.

Resumen

El incremento individual de los coeficientes de endogamia (ΔFi) ha sido recomendado como una medida alternativa de la endogamia ya que tiene en cuenta las diferencias en el conocimiento que se tiene de la genealogía de animales individuales y evita la sobreestimación debida a un mayor número de generaciones conocidas. El efecto de la endogamia (F) y de la endogamia equivalente (EF), calculadas a partir de ΔFi, sobre los parámetros de crecimiento fue estudiado en rebaños de ovejas Nilagiri y Sandyno. El estudio se basó en datos conservados en la Estación de Investigación para la Mejora del Ganado Ovino (Sandynallah). Se dispuso de menos información sobre la genealogía y el número equivalente de generaciones fue menor para las ovejas Sandyno que para las ovejas Nilagiri. Los valores medios de F y EF para la población Nilagiri fueron de 2,17 y 2,44, respectivamente, y los valores correspondientes para las ovejas Sandyno fueron de 0,83 y 0,84, respectivamente. En ambas poblaciones, la evolución seguida a lo largo de los años por la endogamia hizo ver que EF era mayor en las generaciones tempranas, en las que la información sobre la genealogía fue escasa. Entre los efectos significativos de la endogamia, la depresión del crecimiento varió de 0,04 kg en el peso al destete a 0,10 kg en el peso al año de vida por cada 1 por ciento de incremento de la endogamia. En general, fueron más los caracteres que se vieron afectados por la endogamia en las ovejas Nilagiri, en las cuales se observó una mayor depresión de los parámetros de crecimiento con F que con EF. La detección de mayores valores para EF que para F en generaciones tempranas de ambas poblaciones indica que EF evitó la posible sobreestimación del coeficiente de endogamia en generaciones recientes. La depresión detectada en parámetros de crecimiento por un efecto significativo de la endogamia fue mayor en la población Sandyno. Se discuten debidamente las diferencias advertidas en las dos poblaciones en la respuesta a F y EF y las posibles causas de estas diferencias.

Keywords

breeding strategycharacterizationFogera cattleinbreedingquantitative traitsmoutonsconsanguinitéaccroissement individuel de la consanguinitédépressioncroissanceovejasendogamiaincremento individual de la endogamiadepresióncrecimiento
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales , Volume 58 , June 2016 , pp. 13 - 29
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2016 

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