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Agriculture in Russian War Economy in the Later Seventeenth Century

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2018

Carl B. O'Brien
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Extract

Any analysis of European economy in the seventeenth century must inevitably take into account the wide prevalence and frequency of war. War was the norm in Europe of that century, and the years in which the continent saw no wars numbered less than a decade. While Western Europe in the latter part of the century repeatedly mobilized and fought to forestall the designs of Louis XIV, Eastern Europe found itself no less frequently shaken by devastating wars which at one time or another taxed the resources of the German Emperor, Sweden, Poland, Turkey and Russia. The ascending scale of warfare and the increasing size of armies weighed heavily on European economy, and particularly so on the Russian state, whose Treasury could ill afford large military enterprises.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Slavic and East European Review , Volume 8 , Issue 3 , October 1949 , pp. 167 - 174
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 1949

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References

1 Kliuchevsky, V.O., A History of Russia (London, 1913), III, 129 Google Scholar: “… of the seventy years 1613-82, some thirty were devoted to wars—wars sometimes waged simultaneously, and with more than one opponent at a time.”

2 Korb, Johann G., “Dnevnik Ioanna Georga Korba vo vremja posol'stva Imperatora Leopold'a I-go v Moskovskoe gosudarstvo v 1698 g.,” in Čtenija v imperatorskom obščstve istorii i drevnostej rossijskikh pri Moskovskom universitete (Moscow, 1867), No. 3, p. 273.Google Scholar

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6 Rožkov, , op. cit., V, 67.Google Scholar

7 Ivan Beljaev, D., O russkom vojske v carstvovanie Mikhaila Fëdorovica i posle ego preobrazovanij, sdelannykh Pëtrom Velikim (Moscow, 1846)Google Scholar; for more detailed discussions of Russian army organization and military equipment, see Brix, R., Geschichte der alten Russischen Heeres-Einrichtungen von den frühesten Zeiten bis zu dem Grossen gemachten Veränderungen (Berlin, 1867)Google Scholar; Bogojavlenskij, S. K., “Vooruženie russkikh vojsk v XVI-XVII vv,” Istoričeskie zapiski, IV (1938), 258-83.Google Scholar

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9 Bogojavlenskij, , op. cit., pp. 269 ff.Google Scholar

10 Dopolnenija k aktam istoričeskim sobranija i izdanija Arkheografičeskoju Komissieju (St. Petersburg, 1867), X, 135.

11 Polnoe sobranie zakonov rossijskoj imperii s 1649 goda (St. Petersburg, 1830), II, 335-37

12 Beljaev, , op. cit., 52.Google Scholar

13 Bogojavlenskii, S. K., Moskva v eja prošlom i nastojaščem (Moscow, 1909), IV, 82–83.Google Scholar

14 E. Šmurlo, , Istorija Rossii, 862-1917 (Munich, 1922), p. 281.Google Scholar.

15 Ibid., p. 281; for a fuller treatment of pomest'e and land tenure in general, consult Rozdestvenskij, S. V., Sluziloe zemlevladenie v Moskovskom gosudarstve XVI veka (St. Petersburg, 1897)Google Scholar; Vladimirskij-Budanov, M., Rukovodstvo k izučeniju russkoj zemli (Kiev, 1867)Google Scholar.

16 Ključevskij, V. O., Kratkoe posobie po russkoj istorii (Moscow, 1899), p. 96:Google Scholar “Pomest'e landholding was personal, conditional, temporary in character. Votčina landholding constituted the full and hereditary property of its occupant.”

17 See, for example, the “Inquiries Conducted in the Appointment Office, 1686, on How to Reward Prince V. V. Golitsyn for the Conclusion of a Peace with Poland,” reproduced in Vremenik Imperatorskago Moskovskago Obščestva istorii drevnostej rossijskikh (Moscow, 1850), V, 1-10.

18 Beljaev, , op. cit., pp. 73–74.Google Scholar.

19 A četvërt' was equivalent to 4.29 English acres.