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The Former Foreign Settlements in Korea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

Harold J. Noble
Harold J. Noble*
Affiliation:
University of California
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Extract

The unsolved problems arising from the foreign settlements and concessions in China are of such a nature as to make a study of the former foreign settlements in neighboring Korea a timely contribution to the literature on the general subject. The very contrasts which the settlements in Korea present to those in China serve to clarify the problems in the latter country.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , October 1929 , pp. 766 - 782
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1929

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References

1 Hulbert, H. B.,History of Korea, II:59.Google Scholar

2 Art. IV, Treaty of Kangwha, Feb. 26, 1876; Inspector General of Customs, Treaties, Regulations, etc., between Corea and other Powers, 1876-1889, Shanghai, 1891; pp. 1 ff.,hereafter cited as “ C. T.” Many documents cited are unpublished.

3 Aug. 30,1879, C. T. pp. 36ff.

4 C. T.,pp.39ff .

5 Tyler, Dennett,,Americans in Eastern Asia, p. 459.Google Scholar

6 There appears to be no warrant for the use of the word “ concession.” The effect of Chinese example, however, is plain.

7 C. T., pp. 45ff.

8 C. T., pp. 62ff. There are three English miles in ten Koreanli.

9 C. T., p. 67.

10 Allen, H. N., Korea Fact and Fancy and Chronological Index 158.Google Scholar

11 C. T., pp. 126ff.

12 C. T., pp. 132ff. and pp. 172ff.

13 Ibid., p. 148.

14 “ Regulations for the Chinese Settlement at Chemulpo,” paragraph II. Chinese settlements were also established at Fusan and Wonsan later, but the author has been unable to secure copies of the agreements. Presumably they were modelled on the Chemulpo agreement.

15 Foulk, G. C.,U. S. Chargé to Bayard, Jan. 29,1886.Google Scholar

16 This figure is calculated at the rate of 3200 cash to the dollar.

17 Allen, op. cit., p. 166.

18 Rockhill, W. W., Charge, to Bayard (Dec. 17,1886.)Google Scholar

19 Foulk to Bayard, Jan. 29,1886.

20 Ibid.

21 Jones, G. H. “ Chemulpo”,Korean Repository, IV: 374-384.Google Scholar Rockhill to Bayard, March 7,1887, Foreign Relations, 1887, p.. The total population of Chemulpo in 1924 was 41,000.

22 Rockhill to Bayard, March 31,1887, Foreign Relations, 1887, p. 265.

23 Municipal Council Minutes, I: First Election Meeting, Dec. 5, 1888; First Regular Meeting, March 23,1889; Fifth Meeting, April 25,1889.

24 Suggestions for a New Agreement and Land Regulations for the General Foreign Settlement of Chemulpo, c. 1890

25 Changes Proposed by the Foreign Representatives, Dec. 31, 1890. Minutes of the Foreign Representatives, Jan. 10,1890.

26 Augustine Heard to Department of State, No. 43 and No. 44.

27 Section V, paragraph V, C. T., p. 310.

28 Municipal Council Minutes, I: Extraordinary Meeting, Nov. 11,1891.

29 Foreign Representatives’ Minutes, Dec. 15,1891.

30 Ibid., July 15,1891.

31 H. N. Allen to Sherman, No. 35, Nov. 13,1897.

32 Regulations for the Foreign Settlements at Chinnampo and Mokpo, Oct. 16,1897. The two settlements were opened to trade on October 1, 1897; J. M. B. Sill to Min Chong Mok, Minister of Foreign Affairs, July 6,1897

33 Kim Yun Sik to J. M. B. Sill, July 3,1895.

34 Sill to Kim Yun Sik, July 9; Kim Yun Sik to Sill, Aug. 9; Kim Yun Sik to Sill, Sept. 3, 1895.

35 Allen to Sherman, No. 8, Oct. 1,1897.

36 Same to same, No. 16, Oct. 8,1897.

37 Allen to Sec. of State, No. 81, March 7,1898.

38 Allen to Sec. of State, No. 88, March 16; No. 90, March 22,1898.

39 Same to same, No. Ill , June 3,1898.

40 Ibid., No. 112, June 3,1898.

41 Pak Chai Soon, Min. For. Affairs, to Allen, No. 19, March 1; No. 27, March 21, 1899; Allen to Hay, No. 185, March 22,1899.

42 Pak Chai Soon to Wm. P. Sands, No. 45, May 16; Sands to Pak, No. 172 F. O., May 10,1899; Pak to Allen, No. 71, Dec. 27; Pak to Sands, No. 56, Aug. 18,1899.

43 Sands to Pak, No. 173 F. O., May 24, and No. 187 F. O., Aug. 26, 1899; A. A. Adee to Sands, No. 136, Sept. 12,1899.

44 Pak to Sands, No. 51, June 23,1899.

45 Ibid., No. 54, July 20,1899.

46 Jordan J. N., British Chargé, to Pak, Nov. 10 (?); Allen to Pak, No. 197 F. O., Nov. 16; Allen to Sec. of State, No. 213, Nov. 17,1899.

47 Regulations for the Foreign Settlements at Kunsan, Masampo, and Songchin, June 2, 1899. Copy issued by Foreign Office, London, Aug. 1,1899.

48 Allen to Sec. of State, No. 235, March 19, 1900; “ The Harbour of Masampho,” Kobe Chronicle, April 9,1900.

49 Allen to Sec. of State, No. 245, April 21,1900.

50 Annual Report on Reforms and Progress in Chosen (1910-1911), Keijo, Dec. 1911, pp.32.

51 Statistics relating to the General Foreign Settlements in Chosen, Table IV: e, Government General, Keijo, 1912