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Stable Isotope Study of Hunter-Gatherer-Fisher Diet, Mobility, and Intensification on the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Robert J. Hard  and
M. Anne Katzenberg
Robert J. Hard
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249 (robert.hard@utsa.edu)
M. Anne Katzenberg
Affiliation:
Department of Archaeology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 (katzenbe@ucalgary.ca)
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Abstract

The Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas was populated by hunter-gatherers from the Early Archaic (ca. 7000 B.P.) through to the Late Prehistoric period (ca. A.D. 700-1400). In order to characterize past dietary adaptations along the coast and further inland, stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were analyzed in preserved bone from 198 individuals from mortuary sites. In addition, 140 samples of faunal bone were analyzed to elucidate the stable isotope ecology for each region. The results indicate long-term stability in dietary adaptations with regional variation among coastal, riverine, and inland groups, including an early and, substantial, use of freshwater and marine resources. There is also evidence for constrained mobility and increasing use of plant resources within regions as populations increased in size and density.

Resumen

Resumen

La llanura costera del Golfo de México en Texas fue habitada por sociedades de cazadores-recolectores desde el Arcaico-Temprano (circa 5000 a.C.) hasta el período Prehistórico Tardío (circa 700-1400 d.C). Para determinar las adaptaciones dietéticas en el pasado, a lo largo de la costa y hacia el interior, se realizaron análisis de isótopos estables de carbón y nitrógeno en material óseo preservado de 198 individuos procedentes de sitios mortuorios. Adicionalmente, 140 muestras de restos faunísticos fueron estudiadas con el fin de obtener la ecología isotópica de cada región. Los resultados sugieren estabilidad a largo plazo en las adaptaciones dietéticas con variación regional entre los grupos costeros, ribereños y del interior, incluyendo el uso temprano y sustancial de recursos marinos y dulceacuícolas. Hay también una cierta tendencia de movilidad restringida y aumento en el uso de recursos vegetales entre las regiones como resultado del incremento en los tamaños de la población.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 76 , Issue 4 , October 2011 , pp. 709 - 751
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2011

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