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On the Inferred Age and Origin of Lithic Bi-Points from the Eastern Seaboard and their Relevance to the Pleistocene Peopling of North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Matthew T. Boulanger  and
Metin I. Eren
Matthew T. Boulanger
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, and Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211 (boulangerm@missouri.edu)
Metin I. Eren
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211Department of Archaeology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106 ()
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Abstract

Recently, advocates of an “older -than- Clovis” occupation of eastern North America have suggested that bi-pointed leaf-shaped lanceolate stone bifaces provide definitive evidence of human culture on the eastern seaboard prior to the Late Glacial Maximum. This argument hinges on two suppositions : first, that points of this form are exceedingly rare in the East and second, that all known occurrences of these point forms are from landforms or depositionaI environments dating to some time before the late Pleistocene. Neither of these suppositions is supported by the archaeological record. Bi-pointed leaf shaped blades have been recoveredfrom throughout the Middle Atlantic and Northeast, where they have been repeatedly dated, either radiometrically or by association with diagnostic artifacts, to between the Late Archaic and the Early Woodland. Statistical analysis of supposed “older-than-Clovis” leaf-shaped blades demonstrates that there are no significant differences in morphology between them and unequivocally Middle Holocene leaf-shaped blades. Until such time as evidence demonstrates otherwise, there is no reason to accept that these leaf-shaped bifaces are diagnostic of a Pleistocene, much less pre-Late Glacial Maximum, occupation in eastern North America.

Recientemente los defensores de una ocupación “mayor-que-Clovis” del Este de Norteamérica han sugerido que bifaces de piedra deforma de hoja lanceoladas de dos puntas proporcionan la evidencia definitiva de la cultura humana en la costa este antes del Máximo Glacial Tardío. Este argumento se clava en dos suposiciones: Primero, que las puntas de esta forma son rarísimas en el Este, y segundo, que todas las conocidas ocurrencias de estas formas de punta son deformas terrestres o de ambientes de depósito que se remontan a un tiempo antes de finales del Pleistoceno. Ninguna de estas suposiciónes se apoya en el registro arqueólogico. Cuchillas de dos puntas en forma de hoja se han recuperado de todo el Medio Atlántico y el Noreste, donde han sido fechadas en repetidas ocasiones, o radiomètricamente por asociación con artefactos diagnósticos entre finales del Arcaico y el Early Woodland. El análisis estadístico de las supuestas cuchillas “mayores-que-Clovis” en forma de hoja demuestra que no hay ningunas diferencias significativas en la morfología entre ellas y la cultura material inequívocamente Holoceno Medio. Hasta tal momento en que la evidencia demuestre lo contrario, no existe razón para aceptar que estas bifaces enforma de hoja sean diagnósticas de una ocupación Pleistocena, ni mucho menos pre-Máximo Glacial Tardío, en el Este de Norteamérica.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 80 , Issue 1 , January 2015 , pp. 134 - 145
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 by the Society for American Archaeology.

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