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Maritime Ritual Economies of Cosmic Synchronicity: Summer Solstice Events at a Civic-Ceremonial Center on the Northern Gulf Coast of Florida

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 September 2019

Kenneth E. Sassaman ,
Meggan E. Blessing ,
Joshua M. Goodwin ,
Jessica A. Jenkins ,
Ginessa J. Mahar ,
Anthony Boucher ,
Terry E. Barbour  and
Mark C. Donop
Kenneth E. Sassaman*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Meggan E. Blessing
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Joshua M. Goodwin
Affiliation:
Bureau of Archaeological Research, Division of Historical Resources, Florida Department of State, Tallahassee, FL32301, USA
Jessica A. Jenkins
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Ginessa J. Mahar
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Anthony Boucher
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Terry E. Barbour
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Mark C. Donop
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
*
(sassaman@ufl.edu, corresponding author)
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Abstract

Places such as Poverty Point, Mound City, and Chaco Canyon remind us that the siting of ritual infrastructure in ancient North America was a matter of cosmological precedent. The cosmic gravity of these places gathered persons periodically in numbers that challenged routine production. Ritual economies intensified, but beyond the material demands of hosting people, the siting of these places and the timing of gatherings were cosmic work that preconfigured these outcomes. A first millennium AD civic-ceremonial center on the northern Gulf Coast of Florida illustrates the rationale for holding feasts on the end of a parabolic dune that it shared with an existing mortuary facility. Archaeofauna from large pits at Shell Mound support the inference that feasts were timed to summer solstices. Gatherings were large, judging from the infrastructure in support of feasts and efforts to intensify production through oyster mariculture and the construction of a large tidal fish trap. The 250-year history of summer solstice feasts at Shell Mound reinforces the premise that ritual economies were not simply the amplification of routine production. It also suggests that the ecological potential for intensification was secondary to the cosmic significance of solstice-oriented dunes and their connection to mortuary and world-renewal ceremonialism.

Lugares como Poverty Point, Mound City y Chaco Canyon nos muestran que la ubicación de la infraestructura ritual que fue edificada en la antigua Norteamérica fue basada en precedentes cosmológicos. La importancia cósmica de estos lugares congregaba periódicamente a multitudes, en proporciones tales que sobrepasaban la capacidad productiva de la zona. Las economías rituales fueron intensificadas, pero, más allá de las demandas económicas de acoger a las muchedumbres, la ubicación de estos lugares y la sincronización de estas reuniones fueron actividades basadas en el cosmos, el cual preestablecía las condiciones de estos eventos. En un centro cívico-ceremonial que se remonta al primer milenio dC, ubicado en la costa norte de Florida, en el Golfo de Méjico, se percibe la lógica en la que estas festividades se fundamentaban y en el lugar en el que se celebraban: en el extremo de una duna parabólica que al mismo tiempo compartía espacio con un recinto mortuorio. La arqueofauna de las fosas grandes excavadas en Shell Mound sustenta la conclusión de que los festines fueron programados para los solsticios de verano. Las reuniones fueron masivas, a juzgar por la infraestructura empleada en la organización de estas celebraciones y los esfuerzos orientados hacia la intensificación de la producción a través de la maricultura de ostras y la construcción de una gran trampa de peces en áreas de marea. Los 250 años de historia de festines en celebración a los solsticios estivales en Shell Mound, corroboran la proposición de que las economías rituales no fueron simplemente una intensificación de la producción cotidiana. También sugieren que el potencial ecológico para la intensificación era secundario al significado cósmico de estas dunas orientadas al solsticio y su explicable conexión con el ritualismo tanto mortuorio como de regeneración.

Keywords

ritual economycosmologyworld renewalfeastssummer solsticeintensificationeconomía ritualcosmologíareconfiguración del mundofestinessolsticios de veranointensificación
Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 85 , Issue 1 , January 2020 , pp. 22 - 50
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 by the Society for American Archaeology

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