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Ideologies of intervention: the Ugandan state and local organization in Bugisu1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Extract

Where peasant production predominates in the national economy, the state is faced with a difficult dilemma. It must derive its revenues from cash crops, but if it appropriates too much, it will drive peasants out of the cash market and into subsistence (Hyden, 1980; Bunker, 1983b). Many African states have attempted to resolve this dilemma through direct contrôl of crop markets (Bates, 1981). Market control in peasant economies, however, usually offers the major means of wealth and upward mobility at the local level, so different power groups there may challenge the state's hegemony (Saul, 1969; Hyden, 1970). I have already shown how such groups achieved significant control of markets in Bugisu, Uganda (Bunker, 1983a), and how the state responded with periodic interventions to limit their power and autonomy (Bunker, 1983b). In this article, I examine how the Ugandan state has justified its continued intervention in the local economy and how power groups among the Bagisu have legitimated their claims against the state.

Résumé

Idéologies d'intervention: l'état d'Uganda et l'organisation locale au Bugisu

Le contrôle de l'exportation de la production agricole est un facteur important en ce qui concerne l'appropriation de revenus par l'état en Uganda, mais il est également une partie essentielle des bases de mobilité ascendante des groupes locaux détenant le pouvoir. Cet article examine les bases idéologiques fluctuantes des campagnes et de l'état et des chefs locaux pour mobiliser les paysans du district de Bugisu en appuyant ou acceptant leurs revendications à la vente du café, le produit d'exportation le plus important du district. Il démontre que des principes idéologiques en provenance d'une grande variété de sources furent introduits dans le contexte politique de facon à permettre aux concurrents pour le pouvoir des les utiliser d'une manière inconsistante et selon leurs intérêts. Il montre aussi comment un principe, une fois introduit, peut être utilisé à differentes fins par différents prétendants au pouvoir.

En détails: (i) comment des principes indigènes d'organisation sociale furent amalgamés aux nouvelles idéologies qui définissaient les droits et le pouvoir des groupes à statut élevé à l'intérieur du Bugisu et contre l'état; (ii) comment l'imposition de production agricole pour vente et le système de gouvernement indirect donnèrent ensemble naissance aux principes de revenu équitable pour le travail, les ressources et le produit; (iii) comment un paysannat mobilisé derrière des notions de revenu équitable fut organisé dans des coopératives de vente dont les principes affirmaient participation et contrôle démocratique; (iv) comment l'état utilisa des principes d'administration efficaces d'origine européenne pour maintenir l'accés aux cultures de vente produites par les coopératives, et comment ces principes étaient en conflit avec les principes égalitaires; (v) comment ces principes antithétiques firent partie intégrante des conflits entre les groupes qui voulaient contrêler le marché local; et (vi) comment ces principes devinrent finalement subordonnés aux principes qui mettaient l'accent sur l'importance du développement national.

Type
Interventions of the state
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1984

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