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MYTHIC OIL: RESOURCES, BELONGING AND THE POLITICS OF CLAIM MAKING AMONG THE ÌLÀJẸ YORÙBÁ OF NIGERIA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 May 2013

Abstract

This article examines the genealogies of the Ìlàjẹ and the narrative of belonging that reinforces claims to ownership of land and natural resources such as oil. The article maps how oil flow stations, pipelines and platforms have come to represent an ancestral promise of wealth to many members of Ìlàjẹ communities. This claim making is embedded in a mythic origin that continuously reinforces a distinct identity that projects an imagined community connected to the Yorùbá of south-west Nigeria as well as the oil-rich Niger Delta region. While many scholars have studied the myth of origin of the Yorùbá, in most cases focusing on rituals and political imagination that intersect with linguistic evidence in determining Yorùbá identity, these scholars have often neglected the centrality of these myths to oil resources. Thus, I investigate how the Ìlàjẹ narrative of belonging creates its own specificity of ‘ownership’ of natural resources through ritual performances connected to migration and dispersal of subject populations. I examine how such narratives create spaces of opportunity for the organization of protests against multinational oil corporations and the Nigerian state.

Résumé

Cet article examine les généalogies des Ìlàjẹ et le récit d'appartenance qui renforce les revendications de propriété de terres et de ressources naturelles comme le pétrole. Il analyse la manière dont les stations de pompage, oléoducs et plates-formes pétrolières en sont venus à représenter une promesse de richesse ancestrale pour de nombreux membres des communautés ìlàje. Ce processus de revendication s'inscrit dans une origine mythique qui renforce en permanence une identité distincte qui projette une communauté imaginée liée aux Yorùbá du sud-ouest du Nigeria et de la région du delta du Niger, riche en pétrole. Parmi les nombreux chercheurs qui ont étudié le mythe de l'origine des Yorùbá, une majorité s'est attachée à déterminer l'identité yorùbá en s'intéressant aux rituels et à l'imagination politique qui s'entremêlent avec les éléments linguistiques, négligeant souvent la centralité de ces mythes vis-à-vis des ressources pétrolières. C'est pourquoi l'auteur étudie comment le récit d'appartenance des Ìlàjẹ crée sa propre spécificité de « propriété » des ressources naturelles à travers des représentations rituelles liées à la migration et à la dispersion des populations concernées. Il examine comment ces récits créent des espaces d'opportunité pour l'organisation de protestations contre les multinationales pétrolières et l’état nigérian.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 2013 

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