Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-20T20:40:47.626Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

God, Religious Extremism and Violence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 February 2024

Matthew Rowley
Affiliation:
Fairfield University, Connecticut

Summary

Why do religious militants think their actions are right or righteous? What keeps me from acting like them? Why do some religious persons act on their beliefs in charitable, inspiring and deeply humane ways? Is secularism the solution to religious violence, or is it part of the problem? This Element explores the vexed issue of violence done in the name of God, looking at the topic through the lens of peace and conflict studies, religious studies and historical studies. The beliefs of various communities, religious and secular, are explored, looking at how convictions inhibit and enable violence. This Element aims to foster a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the promises and perils of religion so that readers can better respond to a world filled with violence.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781009272315
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 21 March 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achoulias, Marion (2016). Discourse of Sacrifice: Religious Studies and Violence Against Animals. In Gagné, André, Loumakis, Spyridon and Miceli, Calogero A., eds., The Global Impact of Religious Violence, Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 84113.Google Scholar
Akyol, Mustafa (2011). Islam Without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty, New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Allman, Mark (2008). Who Would Jesus Kill? War, Peace, and the Christian Tradition, Winona, MN: Anslem.Google Scholar
Antony, Louise M. (2007). Introduction. In Antony, Louise M., ed., Philosophers Without Gods: Meditations on Atheism and the Secular Life, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ixxiv.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appleby, Robert Scott (2000). The Ambivalence of the Sacred: Religion, Violence, and Reconciliation, New York: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Appleby, Robert Scott (2012). Religion and Global Affairs: Religious ‘Militants for Peace’. In Hoover, Dennis R. and Johnston, Douglas M., eds., Religion and Foreign Affairs: Essential Readings, Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 245–50.Google Scholar
Armstrong, Karen (2014). Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence, London: Bodley Head.Google Scholar
Atwill, David G. (2007). Holy Culture Wars: Patterns of Ethno-Religious Violence in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century China. In Wellmam, James K. Jr., ed., Belief and Bloodshed: Religion and Violence across Time and Tradition, New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 115–29.Google Scholar
Avalos, Hector (2005). Fighting Words: The Origins of Religious Violence, Amherst, NY: Prometheus.Google Scholar
Bainton, Roland (1960). Christian Attitudes Towards War and Peace: A Historical Survey and Critical Reevaluation, New York: Abingdon.Google Scholar
Baker, Joseph O. and Buster G., Smith (2015). American Secularism: Cultural Contours of Nonreligious Belief Systems, London: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Banner, Stuart (2002). Death Penalty: An American History, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BBC News (2017). Who Was Texas Church Gunman Devin Patrick Kelley? www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-41884342.Google Scholar
Belew, Kathleen (2018). Bring the War Home: The White Power Movement and Paramilitary America, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Berger, J. M. (2018). Extremism, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berger, Peter L. (2007). Secularization Falsified. Paper delivered at the New School for Social Research, William Phillips Memorial Lecture.Google Scholar
Bergmann, Michael, Murray, Michael and Rae, Michael (2011). Introduction. In Divine Evil? The Moral Character of the God of Abraham, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 119.Google Scholar
Berlinerblau, Jacques (2005). The Secular Bible: Why Nonbelievers Must Take Religion Seriously, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berlinerblau, Jacques (2022). Secularism: The Basics. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bessel, Richard (2015), Violence: A Modern Obsession, London: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Birdsall, Judd and Collins, Drew (2017). Reconsidering Religious Radicalism, The Review of Faith and International Affairs, 15(2), 14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birdsall, Judd and Rowley, Matthew (2019). Stop Weaponizing the Bible for Trump: No Politician Is a Cyrus, David or Caesar, Washington Post.Google Scholar
Blackburn, Simon (2007). Religion and Respect. In Antony, Louise M., ed., Philosophers without Gods: Meditations on Atheism and the Secular Life, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 179–93.Google Scholar
Brown, Jonathan A. C. (2016). Sin, Forgiveness, and Reconciliation: A Muslim Perspective. In Mosher, Lucinda and Marshal, David, eds., Sin, Forgiveness and Reconciliation: Christian and Muslim Perspectives, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1319.Google Scholar
Buc, Philippe (2015). Holy War, Martyrdom, and Terror: Christianity, Violence, and the West, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burke, Edmund (1790). Reflections on the Revolution in France, 2nd ed., London: J. Dodsley, 1790.Google Scholar
Burns, Charlene (2008). More Moral than God: Taking Responsibility for Religious Violence, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Carlson, John D. (2011). Religion and Violence: Coming to Terms with Terms. In Murphy, Andrew R., ed., The Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence, Oxford: Blackwell, 722.Google Scholar
Carlson, John D. and Ebel, Jonathan H. (2012). Introduction: John Brown, Jeremiad, and Jihad: Reflections on Religion, Violence, and America. In Carlson, John D. and Ebel, Jonathan H., eds., Jeremiad to Jihad: Religion, Violence, and America, Berkeley: University of California Press, 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cavanaugh, William (2009). The Myth of Religious Violence: Secular Ideology and the Roots of Modern Conflict, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapple, Christopher Key (2011). The Dialectic of Violence in Jainism. In Murphy, Andrew R., ed., The Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence, Oxford: Blackwell, 263–70.Google Scholar
Chryssides, George D. (2016). Approaching Heaven’s Gate. In Chryssides, George D., ed., Heaven’s Gate: Postmodernity and Popular Culture in a Suicide Group, repr., New York: Routledge, 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, Steve (2014). The Justification of Religious Violence, Chichester: Wiley Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coffey, John (2014). Exodus and Liberation: Deliverance Politics from John Calvin to Martin Luther King Jr., Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cremer, Tobias (2018). Defenders of the Faith: Why Right-Wing Populists Are Embracing Religion, The New Statesman. www.newstatesman.com/politics/religion/2018/05/defenders-faith-0.Google Scholar
Das, Veena (2013). Violence and Nonviolence at the Heart of Hindu Ethics. In Jerryson, Michael, Juergensmeyer, Mark, and Kitts, Margo, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawkins, Richard (2006). The God Delusion, Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Dawson, Lorne L. (2006). Psychopathologies and the Attribution of Charisma: A Critical Introduction to the Psychology of Charisma and the Explanation of Violence in New Religious Movements. Nova Religio, 10, 328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennett, Daniel C. (2006). Breaking the Spell: Religion as a Natural Phenomenon, London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Eisen, Robert (2011). The Peace and Violence of Judaism: From the Bible to Modern Zionism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellens, Jay Harold (2004). Fundamentalism, Orthodoxy, and Violence. In Ellens, J. Harold, ed., The Destructive Power of Religion: Violence in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, vol. 4, Westport, CT: Praeger, 119–42.Google Scholar
Eller, Jack David (2010). Cruel Creeds, Virtuous Violence: Religious Violence Across Culture and History, Amherst, MA: Prometheus.Google Scholar
Enns, Diane (2012). The Violence of Victimhood, University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Fiske, Alan Page and Rai, Tage Shakti (2015). Virtuous Violence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Forst, Brian (2009). Terrorism, Crime, and Public Policy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Foster, Russell, Megoran, Nick and Dunn, Michael (2017). Towards a Geopolitics of Atheism: Critical Geopolitics Post the ‘War on Terror’. Political Geography, 60, 179–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulford, Ben (2017). Moderating Religious Identity and the Eclipse of Religious Wisdom: Lessons from Hans Frei. The Review of Faith and International Affairs, 15(2), 2433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gagné, Angré (2016). Tyranny of Political Correctness and Religious Violence. In Gagné, Angré, Loumakis, Spyridon and Miceli, Calogero A., eds., The Global Impact of Religious Violence, Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 112.Google Scholar
Girard, René (1986). The Scapegoat, Yvonne Freccero, trans., Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glazebrook, Trish (2001). Violence against Nature: A Philosophical Perspective. Journal of Power and Ethics: An Interdisciplinary Review, 2(4), 322–43.Google Scholar
Goldie, Mark, ed., (2010). John Locke: A Letter Concerning Toleration and Other Writings, Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund.Google Scholar
Gopin, Marc (2002). Holy War, Holy Peace, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gopin, Marc (2012). Bridges across an Impossible Divide: The Inner Lives of Arab and Jewish Peacemakers, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, John (2018). Seven Types of Atheism, London: Allen Lane.Google Scholar
Haidt, Jonathan (2022). Why the Past 10 Years of American Life Have Been Uniquely Stupid, The Atlantic. Online: www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2022/05/social-media-democracy-trust-babel/629369/Google Scholar
Hamid, Shadi (2014). Temptations of Power: Islamists and Illiberal Democracy in a New Middle East, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hamid, Shadi (2016). Islamic Exceptionalism: How the Struggle Over Islam Is Reshaping the World, New York: St. Martin’s.Google Scholar
Hamid, Shadi (2022). There Are Many Things Worse Than American Power, The Atlantic. Online: www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/03/putin-kremlin-imperialism-ukraine-american-power/624180/Google Scholar
Harari, Yuval Noah (2017). Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, New York: Harper.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, Sam (2004). The End of Faith: Religion, Terror, and the Future of Reason, New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Haslam, Nick (2016). Concept Creep: Psychology’s Expanding Concept of Harm and Pathology. Psychological Inquiry, 27, 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassner, Ron E. (2016). Religion on the Battlefield, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hauerwas, Stanley (2012). Hauerwas on ‘Hauerwas and the Law’: Trying to Have Something to Say. Law and Contemporary Problems, 75(4), 233–51.Google Scholar
Hibbard, Scott (2015). Religion, Nationalism and the Politics of Secularism. In Omar, Atalia, Appleby, R. Scott and Little, David, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 100–23.Google Scholar
Hitchens, Christopher (2007). God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything, repr., New York: Twelve.Google Scholar
Hochschild, Ariel Russell (2016). Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right, New York: New Press.Google Scholar
Holland, Glenn S. (2009). Gods in the Desert: Religions of the Ancient Near East, New York: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Holley, Joe (2020). Sutherland Springs: God, Guns, and Hope in a Texas Town, New York: Hachette Books.Google Scholar
Holzer, Jacob. C. and Threlkeld, Emily, Costanza, William, Recupero, Patricia R. and Rainey, Samara E. (2022). Comparing Lone-Actor Terrorism to Other High-Threat Groups. In Halzer, Jacob C. et al., eds., Lone-Actor Terrorism: An Integrated Framework, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 269–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holzer, Jacob C., Zurek, Olivia, and Simpson, Lauren, eds. (2022). Case Reviews in Lone-Actor Terrorism Incidents. In Halzer, Jacob C. et al., eds., Lone-Actor Terrorism: An Integrated Framework, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horn, Dara (2021). People Love Dead Jews: Reports from a Haunted Present, New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Ingersoll, Julie (2013). Religiously Motivated Violence in the Abortion Debate. In Jerryson, Michael, Juergensmeyer, Mark, and Kitts, Margo, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 315–23.Google Scholar
Jakobsen, Janet R. (2004). Is Secularism Less Violent than Religion? In Castelli, Elizabeth and Jakobsen, Janet R., eds., Interventions: Activists and Academics Respond to Violence, New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 5367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jakobsen, Janet R. and Pellegrini, Ann (2008). Introduction: Times Like These. In Jakobsen, Janet R. and Pellegrini, Ann, eds., Secularisms, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, Philip (2012). Laying Down the Sword: Why We Can’t Ignore the Bible’s Violent Verses, New York: HarperOne.Google Scholar
Jerryson, Michael (2013). Buddhist Traditions and Violence. In Jerryson, Michael, Juergensmeyer, Mark, and Kitts, Margo, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Dominic (2016). God Is Watching You: How the Fear of God Makes Us Human, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, James Turner (2012). Contemporary Warfare and American Efforts at Restraint. In Carlson, John D. and Ebel, Jonathan H., eds., Jeremiad to Jihad: Religion, Violence, and America, Berkeley: University of California Press, 233–49.Google Scholar
Jones, James W. (2008). Blood that Cries Out from the Earth: The Psychology of Religious Terrorism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juergensmeyer, Mark (2000). Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence, Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Juergensmeyer, Mark, Kitts, Margo, and Jerryson, Michael (2013). Introduction: The Enduring Relationship of Religion and Violence. Jerryson, In Michael, Juergensmeyer, Mark, and Kitts, Margo, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 112.Google Scholar
Kärkkäinen, Veli-Matti (2016). Sin, Forgiveness, and Reconciliation: A Christian Perspective. In Mosher, Lucinda and Marshal, David, eds., Sin, Forgiveness and Reconciliation: Christian and Muslim Perspectives, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 312.Google Scholar
Khalil, Mohammad Hassan (2018). Jihad, Radicalism, and the New Atheism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kimball, Charles (2009). When Religion Becomes Evil, New York: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Martin Luther, King Jr. (1963). Letter from the Birmingham Jail. Online: https://library.samford.edu/special/treasures/2013/king-letter-bham-jail.htmlGoogle Scholar
LaRocca, Donald J. (1996). The Gods of War: Sacred Imagery and the Decorations of Arms and Armor, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.Google Scholar
Lawrence, Bruce B. (2013). Muslim Engagement with Injustice and Violence. In Jerryson, Michael, Juergensmeyer, Mark, and Kitts, Margo, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 126–52.Google Scholar
Leadbetter, Bill (1999). Genocide in Antiquity. In Charny, Israel W., ed., Encyclopedia of Genocide, vol. 1, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 273.Google Scholar
Lepore, Jill (1998). The Name of War: King Phillip’s War and the Origins of American Identity, New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Lie, John and Wend, Jeffrey (2020). East Asia. In Stone, John, Dennis, Rutledge, Rizova, Polly, and Hou, Xiaoshuo, eds., The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Race, Ethnicity, and Nationalism, Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, 129–46.Google Scholar
Little, David (2007). Peacemakers in Action: Profiles in Religion and Conflict Resolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Maclear, J. F., ed. (1995). Church and State in the Modern Age: A Documentary History, New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mahmood, Cynthia Keppley (2013). Sikh Traditions and Violence. In Jerryson, Michael, Juergensmeyer, Mark, and Kitts, Margo, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 6777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, David (1997). Does Christianity Cause War? Vancouver: Regent College Publishing.Google Scholar
Martin, David (2006). Does Christianity Cause War? Vancouver: Regent College Publishing.Google Scholar
Mason, Patrick Q. (2015). Violent and Nonviolent Religious Militancy. In Omar, Atalia, Appleby, R. Scott and Little, David, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 212–35.Google Scholar
Meral, Ziya (2018). How Violence Shapes Religion: Belief and Conflict in the Middle East and Africa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikva, Rachel S. (2020). Dangerous Religious Ideas: The Deep Roots of Self-Critical Faith in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, Boston, MA: Beacon.Google Scholar
Murphy, Andrew R. (1997). Tolerance, Toleration, and the Liberal Tradition, Polity, 29 (4), 593623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murphy, James Bernard (2014). Religious Violence: Myth or Reality? A Symposium on William T. Cavanaugh’s The Myth of Religious Violence, Political Theology, 15(6), 479–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, Eric (2010). The Hebrew Republic: Jewish Sources and the Transformation of European Political Thought, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
New York Times (2009). Obama’s Nobel Remarks. Online: www.nytimes.com/2009/12/11/world/europe/11prexy.text.htmlGoogle Scholar
Nongbri, Brent (2013). Before Religion: A History of a Modern Concept, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Brien, Conor Cruise (1988). God Land: Reflections on Religion and Nationalism, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsen, Joel (2011). The Politics of Protestant Violence: Abolitionists and Anti-Abortion Activists. In Murphy, Andrew R., ed., The Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence, Oxford: Blackwell, 485–97.Google Scholar
Pfeifer, Birgit and Ganzevoort, R. Ruard (2014). The Implicit Religion of School Shootings: Existential Concerns of Perpetrators Prior to Their Crime. Journal of Religion and Violence, 2, 447–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pihlaja, Stephen (2018). Religious Talk Online: The Evangelical Discourse of Muslims, Christians and Atheists, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinker, Stephen (2011). The Better Angels of Our Nature: A History of Violence and Humanity, London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Pinker, Stephen (2018). Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress, New York: Viking.Google Scholar
Piven, Jerry S. (2004). On the Psychosis (Religion) of Terrorists. In Stout, Chris E., ed., The Psychology of Terrorism, vol. 3, Westport: Praeger, 119–48.Google Scholar
Plato (2017). Euthyphro. Apology. Crito. Phaedo. Christopher Emlyn-Jones and William Preddy, ed. and trans., Loeb Classical Library 36, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Radner, Ephraim (2012). A Brutal Unity: The Spiritual Politics of the Christian Church, Waco, TX: Baylor University Press.Google Scholar
Rahman, Fazlur (2009). Major Themes of the Qur’an, 2nd ed., Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Ratzinger, Joseph (2005). That Which Holds the World Together. In Schuller, F., ed., Dialectics of Secularization: On Reason and Religion, B. McNeil, trans., San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press, 5380.Google Scholar
Rawls, John (1999). The Law of Peoples: With ‘The Idea of Public Reason Revisited’, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Reader, Ian (2000). Religious Violence in Contemporary Japan: The Case of Aum Shinrikyō, Richmond, VA: Curzon.Google Scholar
Reynolds, David S. (2005). John Brown, Abolitionist: The Man Who Killed Slavery, Sparked the Civil War, and Seeded Civil Rights, New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Ripley, Amanda (2021). High Conflict: Why We Get Trapped and How We Get Out, New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Roberts, Adam and Cole, Joshua (2017). Man Who Shot Texas Church Gunman Shares His Story, 40/29 News. Online: www.4029tv.com/article/man-who-shot-texas-church-gunman-shares-his-story/13437943Google Scholar
Robinson, Marilynne (2018). What Are We Doing Here?, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Rosenfeld, Gavriel (2018). How Americans Described Evil Before Hitler, The Atlantic. Online: www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/10/can-we-compare-donald-trump-hitler/572194/Google Scholar
Rowley, Matthew (2014). What Causes Religious Violence? Three Hundred Claimed Contributing Causes, Journal of Religion and Violence, 2(3), 361402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowley, Matthew (2017). ‘All Pretend an Holy War’: Radical Beliefs and the Rejection of Persecution in the Mind of Roger Williams, The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 15(2), 6676.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowley, Matthew (2020). Trump and the Protestant Reaction to Make America Great Again. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowley, Matthew (2024). Godly Violence in the Puritan Atlantic World, 1636–1676: A Study of Military Providentialism, Woodbridge: Boydell.Google Scholar
Rowley, Matthew and Hodgson, Natasha, eds. (2022). Miracles, Political Authority and Violence in the Medieval and Early Modern Worlds, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sacks, Jonathan (2015). Not in God’s Name: Confronting Religious Violence, London: Hodder & Stoughton.Google Scholar
Sacks, Jonathan (2020). Morality: Restoring the Common Good in Divided Times, New York: Basic.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Regina M. (1997). The Curse of Cain: The Violent Legacy of Monotheism, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Shagan, Ethan H. (2011). The Rule of Moderation: Violence, Religion and the Politics of Restraint in Early Modern England, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shah, Timothy Samuel (2015). Secular Militancy as an Obstacle to Peacebuilding. In Omar, Atalia, Appleby, R. Scott, and Little, David, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion, Conflict and Peacebuilding, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 380406.Google Scholar
Shahar, Meir (2013). Violence in Chinese Religious Traditions. In Jerryson, Michael, Juergensmeyer, Mark, and Kitts, Margo, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 182–96.Google Scholar
Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter (2007). Overcoming Christianity. In Antony, Louise M., ed., Philosophers Without Gods: Meditations on Atheism and the Secular Life, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 6979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skya, Walter A. (2011). Religion, Violence and Shintō. In Murphy, Andrew R., ed., The Blackwell Companion to Religion and Violence, Oxford: Blackwell, 227–36.Google Scholar
Slezkine, Yuri (2017). The House of Government: A Saga of the Russian Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Shane (2021). Nuclear Weapons and North Korean Foreign Policy. In Buzo, Adrian, ed., Routledge Handbook of Contemporary North Korea, New York: Routledge, 141–55.Google Scholar
Soper, J. Christopher and Fetzer, Joel S. (2018). Religion and Nationalism in Global Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stark, Rodney and Corcoran, Katie (2014). Religious Hostility: A Global Assessment of Hatred and Terror, Waco, TX: ISR Books.Google Scholar
Stockman, Robert H. (2020). The Bahá’í Faith, Violence, and Non-Violence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stozier, Charles B. and Terman, David M. (2010). Introduction. In Stozier, Charles B., Terman, David M. and Jones, James W., eds., The Fundamentalist Mindset: Psychological Perspectives on Religion, Violence, and History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sue, Derald Wing (2010). Microaggressions in Everyday Life: Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Taunton, Larry Alex (2016). The Faith of Christopher Hitchens: The Restless Soul of the World’s Most Notorious Atheist, Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson.Google Scholar
Taylor, Charles (2007). A Secular Age, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Teehan, John (2010). In the Name of God: The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Ethics and Violence, Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, Keith (2018). In Pursuit of Civility: Manners and Civilization in Early Modern England, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Trodd, Zoe and Stauffer, John (2004). Meteor of War: The John Brown Story. Maplecrest, NY: Brandywine.Google Scholar
Volf, Miroslav (2008). Christianity and Violence. In Hess, Richard S. and Martens, Elmer A., eds., War in the Bible and Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 117.Google Scholar
Volf, Miroslav (2015). Flourishing: Why We Need Religion in a Globalized World, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Ward, Keith (2006). Is Religion Dangerous? Oxford: Eerdmans.Google Scholar
Wielenberg, Erik J. (2013). Atheism and Morality. In Bullivant, Stephen and Ruse, Michael, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Atheism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 89103.Google Scholar
Wilson, Stephen M. (2017). Blood Vengeance and the Imago Dei in the Flood Narrative (Genesis 9:6), Interpretation, 71(3), 263–73.Google Scholar
Winship, Michael P. (2019). Hot Protestants: A History of Puritanism in England and America, London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Wlodarczyk, Nathalie (2013). African Traditional Religion and Violence. In Jerryson, Michael, Juergensmeyer, Mark, and Kitts, Margo, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 153–66.Google Scholar
Wright, Joshua D. (2016). More Religion, Less Justification for Violence: A Cross-National Analysis, Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 38(2), 159–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wuthnow, Robert (2012). The God Problem: Expressing Faith and Being Reasonable, Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, Jeremy (2008). The Violence of God and the War on Terror, New York: Seabury.Google Scholar
Zuckerman, Phil (2013). Atheism and Societal Health. In Bullivant, Stephen and Ruse, Michael, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Atheism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 497510.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

God, Religious Extremism and Violence
  • Matthew Rowley, Fairfield University, Connecticut
  • Online ISBN: 9781009272315
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

God, Religious Extremism and Violence
  • Matthew Rowley, Fairfield University, Connecticut
  • Online ISBN: 9781009272315
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

God, Religious Extremism and Violence
  • Matthew Rowley, Fairfield University, Connecticut
  • Online ISBN: 9781009272315
Available formats
×