In this paper we state some sharp maximum principle, i.e. we characterize the geometry of the sets of minima for supersolutions of equations involving the $k$-th fractional truncated Laplacian or the $k$-th fractional eigenvalue which are fully nonlinear integral operators whose nonlocality is somehow $k$-dimensional.

In this paper we show the existence of solution for the following class of semipositone problem P

$$\left\{\matrix{-\Delta u & = & h(x)(f(u)-a) & \hbox{in} & {\open R}^N, \cr u & \gt & 0 & \hbox{in} & {\open R}^N, \cr}\right.$$

We prove that positive solutions of an integral equation of Wolff type are radially symmetric and decreasing about some point in $R^{n}$. The hypotheses allow a wider range of exponents and are easier to apply than those in previous work.

In this paper, we analyse nonlocal equations in perforated domains. We consider nonlocal problems of the form $f(x) = \int \nolimits _{B} J(x-y) (u(y) - u(x)) {\rm d}y$ with x in a perforated domain $\Omega ^\epsilon \subset \Omega $. Here J is a nonsingular kernel. We think about $\Omega ^\epsilon $ as a fixed set Ω from where we have removed a subset that we call the holes. We deal both with the Neumann and Dirichlet conditions in the holes and assume a Dirichlet condition outside Ω. In the latter case we impose that u vanishes in the holes but integrate in the whole ℝN (B = ℝN) and in the former we just consider integrals in ℝN minus the holes ($B={\open R} ^N \setminus (\Omega \setminus \Omega ^\epsilon )$). Assuming weak convergence of the holes, specifically, under the assumption that the characteristic function of $\Omega ^\epsilon $ has a weak limit, $\chi _{\epsilon } \rightharpoonup {\cal X}$ weakly* in L∞(Ω), we analyse the limit as ε → 0 of the solutions to the nonlocal problems proving that there is a nonlocal limit problem. In the case in which the holes are periodically removed balls, we obtain that the critical radius is of the order of the size of the typical cell (that gives the period). In addition, in this periodic case, we also study the behaviour of these nonlocal problems when we rescale the kernel in order to approximate local PDE problems.

We study the tail asymptotic of subexponential probability densities on the real line. Namely, we show that the n-fold convolution of a subexponential probability density on the real line is asymptotically equivalent to this density multiplied by n. We prove Kesten's bound, which gives a uniform in n estimate of the n-fold convolution by the tail of the density. We also introduce a class of regular subexponential functions and use it to find an analogue of Kesten's bound for functions on ℝd. The results are applied to the study of the fundamental solution to a nonlocal heat equation.

The Toda equation and its variants are studied in the filed of integrable systems. One particularly generalized time discretisation of the Toda equation is known as the discrete hungry Toda (dhToda) equation, which has two main variants referred to as the dhTodaI equation and dhTodaII equation. The dhToda equations have both been shown to be applicable to the computation of eigenvalues of totally nonnegative (TN) matrices, which are matrices without negative minors. The dhTodaI equation has been investigated with respect to the properties of integrable systems, but the dhTodaII equation has not. Explicit solutions using determinants and matrix representations called Lax pairs are often considered as symbolic properties of discrete integrable systems. In this paper, we clarify the determinant solution and Lax pair of the dhTodaII equation by focusing on an infinite sequence. We show that the resulting determinant solution firmly covers the general solution to the dhTodaII equation, and provide an asymptotic analysis of the general solution as discrete-time variable goes to infinity.

We analyse the decay properties of the solution semigroup S(t) generated by the linear integrodifferential equation

where the operator A is strictly positive self-adjoint with A –1 not necessarily compact. The asymptotic stability of S(t) is investigated in terms of the dependence of the parameter γ ∈ ℝ. In particular, we show that S(t) is not exponentially stable when γ ≠ 1.

We study Lotka–Volterra models with fractional Laplacian. To do this we study in detail the logistic problem and show that the sub–supersolution method works for both the scalar problem and for systems. We apply this method to show the existence and non-existence of positive solutions in terms of the system parameters.

Using variational methods and depending on a parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$ we prove the existence of solutions for the following class of nonlocal boundary value problems of Kirchhoff type defined on an exterior domain $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}\subset \mathbb{R}^{3}$:

$$\begin{eqnarray}\left\{\begin{array}{@{}ll@{}}M(\Vert u\Vert ^{2})[-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}u+u]=\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}a(x)g(u)+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}|u|^{4}u\quad & \text{in }\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA},\\ u=0\quad & \text{on }\unicode[STIX]{x2202}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA},\end{array}\right.\end{eqnarray}$$

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}=0$

$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}=1$

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive study of some linear non-local diffusion problems in metric measure spaces. These include, for example, open subsets in ℝN, graphs, manifolds, multi-structures and some fractal sets. For this, we study regularity, compactness, positivity and the spectrum of the stationary non-local operator. We then study the solutions of linear evolution non-local diffusion problems, with emphasis on similarities and differences with the standard heat equation in smooth domains. In particular, we prove weak and strong maximum principles and describe the asymptotic behaviour using spectral methods.

We obtain the long-time behaviour to the variance of the distribution process associated with the solution of the telegraph equation. To this end, we use a version of the Karamata-Feller Tauberian theorem.