Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-05T19:46:35.245Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 August 2019

Joshua Nall
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Liba Taub
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Frances Willmoth
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge

Summary

Type
Chapter
Information
The Whipple Museum of the History of Science
Objects and Investigations, to Celebrate the 75th Anniversary of R. S. Whipple's Gift to the University of Cambridge
, pp. 323 - 334
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

Note: Page numbers in italics refer to Figures; those in bold refer to Tables

Abercromby, Ralph, cloud expert 260, 271
cyclone diagram 261, 262
Adams, George, the Younger, electrometer (Wh.6648) 161, 162
Adelaide Gallery, London 125
Agar, Jon 293
Airy, George, Astronomer Royal 136
Åkerman, Anders, globe pairs 76
Alberti, Samuel 240
Allaun, Charles, patent for mechanical monkey calculator 242
almanacs
late medieval 52
see also calendars
Ampère, André-Marie 166
Anderson, Edgar, botanist 227
Anderson, Katharine 262
Anderson, Robert, Stereometrical Propositions 95
Angeli, Jacopo, renaming of Ptolemy’s Geography as Cosmography 58, 61
Antikythera mechanism 214
Antinori, Vincenzo 132
antiquaries, reconstruction of medieval instruments 41
Antique Art Galleries 200
Apian, Peter
Cosmographicus Liber (1524) 58, 59, 6063, 67
navicula sundial (Wh.0731) 62, 62
and paper universal altitude sundial (organum Ptolomei) 59, 60, 62
and Ptolemy 60
Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (1975) 302
archaeology, and identification of astronomical instruments 4044
arithmometers 154
Colmar’s 138, 148
armillary spheres 66, 68, 70
astrolabe Wh.0305 (Joannes Bos fake) 202, 204, 207, 208
astrolabe Wh.1264 (late medieval English astrolabe) 1231, 13
calendar of feast days 18, 2122, 22
dating 15
material 15
practicality of 30
and St George 28
settings (almucantars) 16, 17
size 15
stars marked on rete 19, 20
tympans (absent) 16
astrolabes 11
Chaucer’s Treatise on 19
instructions for making 36, 71
latitudes 16, 45
modifications and repairs 14
owners of 4445
paper or wooden 41, 51
role in medieval culture 30
sale prices 198
Sloane 21, 26
Sutton’s universal 84
reverse print from 85
for timekeeping 17
see also astrolabe Wh.0305; astrolabe Wh.1264
astrological medicine 51
astrology
Arabic star names 19, 20
and Christianity 14
astronomical instruments
and archaeology 4044
manuscripts and texts 3541
owners 36
portable 33
practical uses for 35, 52
for teaching and reference 34
of wood 41
see also astrolabes; cosmographical instruments; cylinder dials; navicular sundials
astronomical staff (Apian) 68, 71
astronomy 77see also cosmography
atlases 70
cosmographic 75
augrim (calculating) stones 39
Augustine of Canterbury, St 27
Automatic Coil Winder and Electrical Equipment Co. 182
auxanometer, self-recording (Wh.2766) 104, 105
Ayrton, William 176
Babbage, Benjamin Herschel 149
drawing 127
guidebook to difference engine model 126, 131
models by 125
Babbage, Charles
analytical engine project 128
autobiography 134
death 141
doctrine of immortality 143
house in Dorset Street 136137, 144
inspired by Jacquard loom 129
and manufacturing 123, 128, 141
and memory 122, 128129
and Polytechnic Institution 120
preservation of brain 142, 142
public funds for calculating engine 122
Treatise 129, 143
see also difference engine
Babbage, Charles Whitmore 149
Babbage, Henry
commemoration of father 143
and construction of mill of analytical engine 144146, 151
construction of parts of father’s models 135, 140, 146, 148150
early career 135137
family 144
gifts to Cambridge 132
instructions for model 131, 150, 156157
Memoirs 149150
model of difference engine (Whipple Museum) (Wh.2339) 130, 131, 135, 154155
move to Bromley 144
move to Cheltenham 150
and technical notation of drawings 139, 139
Babbage, Nevil Francis 130
Balfour, Arthur 285
Ball, Robert 153
Barbosa, António, Elementos de cosmografia (1926) 76
Barker, D.W. 270
Barozzi, Francesco 70
Bateson, William 276, 282
and Punnett 277, 283, 285
battery, Volta’s invention 160161
Baxandall, David 152
Belleforest, François de 74
Bennett, Abraham 161
Bennett, Jim, on sundials as cosmographical instruments 55, 60, 81
Bergman, Tobern 75
Berkeley, Revd Miles Joseph 110
Bernal sale (1855) 203
Bernstein, Ralph 302
Biancani, Giuseppe 70
Biffen, Rowland 286
Bion, Nicolas, Stone’s translation of The Construction … of Mathematical Instruments 97
Birminghan Philosophical Society 148
Blaeu, Willem Janszoon 75
Blundeville, Thomas, Exercises 69
Bond, Wilfred Noel, cloud camera 265, 266
Bos, Joannes 214see also astrolabe (Wh.0305)
botanical instruments 103107
botany
collectors 109, 113
cryptogamia (non-flowering plants) 104
systematic 107
taxonomic systems 102, 104
Botulph, St 25
Bowditch, Henry Ingersoll 125
Bowditch, Nathaniel 128
Boys, Charles Vernon 151, 153
Bradshawe, Mary (Min), wife of Henry Babbage 137, 141, 144
Bragg, Lawrence 207
brain, and terminology of intellectual labour 142
Brand, Stewart, Whole Earth Catalog (1968) 297, 311
Bredon, Simon, Oxford scholar 37
Bree, Revd William, botanist 113
British Association (for the Advancement of Science) 140
and analytical engine 145
Babbage’s models at 125
Committee on Electrical Standards 170
Henry Babbage’s lecture (1888) 151
British Broadcasting Company (BBC) 183
British Museum, acquisition of antique scientific instruments 190, 193, 203
Brooker, Arthur 172
Brunel, Isambard, Great Eastern 137, 140
Brunel, Marc 124
Bryden, David 84, 95, 154
and Babbage’s difference engine 135
Buxton, Harry 130
calculating machines 148see also calculators; Consul, the Educated Monkey; difference engine
calculators
hand held electronic calculator collection (Wh.4529) 291311, 292
and ephemera 295, 295
HP-35 ‘electronic slide rule’ 295299, 299
HP-65 programmable 291, 300303, 301, 303
personalisation 295
programmable 302
programming infrastructure 304306
user communities 310
calendars
on astrolabes 23
choice of, for astrolabes 26
of feast days, on Whipple astrolabe 18, 2122, 22
use of saints’ days 22
Cambridge Philosophical Society 3
Cambridge Scientific Instrument Company 2, 103
galvanometers 159, 177179
Cambridge University
1944 exhibition of Whipple collection 205
Department of History and Philosophy of Science 4, 188
genetics research at 285
Gotham Loan Chest 36
Canterbury, quadrant found in 47, 48
Carrington, Benjamin, botanist 102
Casella, L. P. 2
Castlemaine, Earl of, globe (Wh.1466) 78, 79
cataloguing projects, post-war 203
Catherine, St 28
Cave, Captain C. J. P. 257, 264, 272
Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge 132, 178, 204
Cedillo Díaz, Juan, professor of cosmography 72
Celtis, Conrad 63
Central Institution, South Kensington 176
Ceruzzi, Paul 310
Chad, St 25
Chaucer, Geoffrey
Canterbury Tales 38, 51
Treatise on the Astrolabe 19, 25, 36
Chaves, Alonso de 73
Chetham’s Library, Manchester 117
Chetwode, Buckinghamshire, quadrant found in 47, 48
chicken breeding 284, 286
and epistasis in comb types 278
chicken heads, plaster models (Wh.6547) 275, 276
limitations of 288
as teaching aid 282
for visualisation 282285
chimpanzees, performing (US vaudeville) 249253
Christianity, and astrology 14, 15
chronogram, on fake sundial 196
Clark, Constance 252
classification, of collections 207
Clement, Joseph
master engineer 123
workshop 124, 147
Clement, St 29
Clifford, William 142143
clocks, mechanical 33, 66
cloud cameras (Wh.4416) 257259, 258
early pinhole 264
fish-eye lens 257
obsolescence 273
translation from distortion to conventional image 265268, 267
clouds 260262
Abercromby’s cyclone diagram 261, 262
classification 260, 269
reference images of 271
and relation to pressure systems 263
universality of forms 261
see also meteorology
Cold War, and computers 301
collecting and collectors
and anomalous objects 214
botanical 109, 113
changing nature of 214216
and classification 207
factors in Whipple’s interest in 210212
as hobby 191
and visibility and legibility of objects 207
see also Evans, Lewis; Whipple collection; Whipple, Robert
Collins, John
descriptions of quadrants 9194
The Sector on a Quadrant … 8690
Colmar, Charles Thomas de, arithmometer 138, 148
compass dials
diptych (Wh.1681) 68, 69
with nocturnals 45
portable 4547, 51
compasses, magnetic 68
computers, mainframe 296
computers, personal
Altair 8800: 291
appeal of early 293
microcomputers and PCs 304, 310
and microprocessor technology 297
origins 291
ownership and autonomy 301
prices 302
Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) 296, 298
and social politics 297
and synthetic programming 309310
Consul, the Educated Monkey, calculator toy (Wh.5821) 237255, 238
advertisement for 253
appeal of 252254
appearance 237, 252
as calculator 241243
development of 241
fragility 243, 248
instructions 243, 245, 246, 249
mathematical puzzle in 246, 246
and Multe game 247248
as teacher 241248, 246
as toy 238, 248254
Consul, trained chimpanzee 249
news coverage 250
Cooke, John, and Piltdown forgery 217
Cooke, William Fothergill 175
Coronelli, Vincenzo Maria 75, 79
Corrie, Susannah, moss collector 114
cosmographers 64
encyclopaedic cosmographies 70, 74
manufacture of sundials 63
cosmographical instruments 6674
sundials as 55, 5865
cosmography
historical use of term 79
school textbooks 76
textbooks 6970
use of term in English 77
cosmography, Renaissance 55
apparent decline after 1600: 57, 7479
and geography 61
and mathematics 69
and Ptolemy’s Geography 58, 69
Coulomb, Charles-Augustin, law of electrostatic force 163, 168
Crop, John 39
Curie, Pierre and Marie, electroscope 164
cylinder dials 38, 41
Dalton, James, copy of Hobson’s Musci Britannici 117
Danti, Egnatio 60
manufacture of instruments 6465
Darwin, Charles, Académie des Sciences, Paris 103
Darwin, Francis 104
Darwin, Horace 2
botanical instruments 103
Daston, Lorraine 107, 240
Dawson, Charles, and Piltdown forgery 216
De la Rue, Warren 173
Delcambre, Colonel 264
Devonshire Commission on scientific instruction (1876) 127
Dewey, John 240, 244
Dick, Stephanie 294
difference engine (Babbage’s)
addition and carriage mechanisms 124, 140, 149
deemed a failure 147
demonstration models 125
displays 124, 136, 148
drawings by Benjamin Babbage 125
fragments of, as gifts 130
Henry Babbage’s models 146
machine tools for 123
at Mathematical Laboratory, Cambridge 134
modern working version of second engine 154
public funds for 122, 136
relics on display 126
Whipple Museum segment (Wh.2339) 130, 131, 135
Digital Equipment Corporation, minicomputers 296
diptych compass dial (Wh.1681) 68, 69
Dobbys, Robert, owner of astrolabe 37
Dorsey, Noah Ernest 164
Drummond, Thomas, moss collector 110, 115
Duddell, William Du Bois 179181
Dunn, Leslie Clarence 287
Dunstan, St 2728
Dupin, Charles 125
Edinburgh, analytical engine mill on display 153
Edney, Matthew 80
education
mathematics 255
progressive theories of 240, 244245, 254
see also teaching
Educational Novelty Company, Dayton, Ohio 239, 241, 243
Educational Toy Manufacturing Co. 243, 253
educational toys 241248, 254
Edward I, King 29
Edward III, King 29
electrical measuring instruments 159
black-box technologies 159
development of 183185
incomplete, in Whipple collection 184
see also electrometers; galvanometers
electricity, early detection of 161
electromagnetism, measurement of 160, 165
electrometers 161165
Adams (Wh.6648) 161, 162
calibration 163
Curie-type gold-leaf (Wh.1353) 162, 164
gold-leaf 161
principles of 161
electroscopes 161, 163
to measure radioactivity 164
use for atmospheric electricity 165
Elliott Brothers, galvanometer 169, 170
Eton College, Musci Britannici copy 107
Evans, Lewis, collector of antique scientific instruments 48, 187
annotation of sales catalogues 188, 188, 192, 196
collection 189, 203
identification of fakes 196, 197, 203
and sundials 199
Evans, Sir Arthur 187
evolution, teaching of 252
exhibitions
1851 Great 122, 137
1862 South Kensington 121
1876 South Kensington 127
1911 Coronation 153
1944 Cambridge 205
1976 Science Museum 135
analytical engine mill in 153
exsiccatae (sets of dried specimens) 101
observational function of 103, 117
production of 110
Farr, William, General Register Office 121, 138, 143, 145
Ferguson, Richard Saul 22
Findlay, Sir John, collector 191
Finé, Oronce 60
De cosmographia sive mundi sphaera 69
De solaribus horologiis … 64
Finsbury Technical College 175
First World War, and meteorological research 259, 264
Fisher, William, bookseller 86
Fitzgerald, William, journalist 152
Fleming, John Ambrose 170
forgers, and response to market 220
forgery, detection of 201
difficulties of 212
international cooperation and data 202, 213, 220
metallurgical analysis 206207
visibility and legibility 207, 214, 218
Foster, Professor George Carey 176
France, Office National Météorologique de 263
Franklin, John, Arctic expedition 155
Franks, Augustus Wollaston, collection of scientific instruments 203
Frederik Muller & Co., dealers 204, 208
Frisius, Gemma 60, 67
Froissart, Jean, L’orloge amoureus 33n2, 33
Fusoris, Jean, of Paris, astrolabe maker 21
Gallucci, Giovanni Paolo, Della fabrica et uso di diversi stromenti … 71
galvanometers 159186
and astatic needle 167
AVOmeter 182
Ayrton–Mather type 169
D’Arsonval type 167
development of 166
and electromagnetism 165
‘Lineman’s Detector’ (Wh.3090) 169, 171172
to measure strength of electrical current 160
and measurement of alternating currents (AC) 180
moving-coil 167
moving-coil pointer multimeter 179, 181183
moving-coil reflecting (Wh.4190) 177178, 177
moving-coil reflecting (Wh.4292) 184
moving-magnet 167
moving-magnet pointer (Helmholtz tangent type) (Wh.1347) 166
moving-magnet reflecting (Wh.0939) 169, 169171, 185
standardised and bespoke 178183
thermal reflecting (Wh.4045) 179, 179181
and torsion balance 168
see also electrometers
Garton, William, engineer 136
Gatty, Margaret, The Book of Sun-dials (1872) 199
General Post Office, Telegraphic School of Science 172
Genetical Society of Great Britain 285
genetics 275290
developments in 285290
inheritance patterns 279
see also Mendel’s laws
geography 70, 77
and cosmography 61, 80
textbooks 75
George, St 2728
Ginzburg, Carlo, ‘semiotic paradigm’ 204, 219
globes 76
celestial 66
cosmographical 67, 67
‘English’ or ‘Castlemaine’ (Wh.1466) 78, 78
pairs 76, 78
terrestrial 66
Goclenius, Rudolf, Cosmographiae seu sphaera mundi descriptionis 70
Gonville, Edmund 29
Good, John, account of Sutton quadrants 9697
Gould, Rupert 134
Gower, John, Confessio Amantis 39
Gravatt, William 126, 138
Gray, Asa, botanist 103
Gray, John Edward, naturalist 114
Great Exhibition (1851) 122, 137
Gregorian calendar, on Sutton’s quadrant 98, 99
Gregory, Sir Richard 273
Greville, Robert Kaye, botanist 113
Gunther, Robert T. 188
Early Science in Cambridge 3
Guthrie, Edwin 148
hagiographies 27
Hall, Rupert, first director of Whipple Museum 202, 205
and Bos astrolabe 204
Halske AG, volt-ammeter 182
Hamilton, Gertrude 200
Harding, George, dealer in antique scientific instruments 192
Harris, John 99
The Description and Uses of … Globes 95
Hartree, Douglas 133134
Harvard University, Babbage fragment in 149
Harvie, Thomas, commission for quadrant 8889
Heilbron, John 161
Hele-Shaw, Henry, professor of engineering 146
Henley, William 161
Henryson, Robert 39
Hewlett-Packard Calculator Digest 311
Hewlett-Packard (HP) (Wh.4529) 296
HP-35 ‘electronic slide rule’ 295299, 299
HP-41C 305, 309
HP-65 programmable calculator 291, 300303, 301, 303
and HP-9100A 295, 298
library of user-submitted programs 304, 307
newsletter 304307
and PPC (HP-65 Users Group) 307310
support material 302, 303
Heylyn, Peter, Cosmographie in Foure Bookes 75
Hill, Robin
cloud camera (Wh.4416) 257258, 258, 265268, 271272
and International Survey of the Sky 257
History of Science Lectures Committee 3
Hobson, Edward 107
Hooker and 108, 110, 113114
Musci Britannici (Wh.4577) 101118, 112
preparation of exsiccatae 110, 114
suppliers of specimens 113
home electronics hobby 183 see also calculators; computers
Hondius, Jodocus 75
Hooker, Joseph 142
enthusiasm for mosses 116
Hooker, R. H. 269
Hooker, William Jackson, botanist 104
copy of Hobson’s Musci Britannici 117
and Hobson 108, 110, 113114
Muscologia Britannica with Thomas Taylor 105, 106, 115
Hookham, Francis, calculator collection (Wh.4529) 291, 292, 295
Hopwood, Arthur 251
Hopwood, Nick 276, 283
Hornaday, William 250, 252
Howard, Luke, cloud classification 260, 270
Humboldt, Alexander von 79
Babbage and 125
Hunterian Museum, Charles Babbage’s brain in 142, 142
Hurlock, George, bookseller 86
Hurt, John, will (1476) 36
Iberian Union (1580–1640) 73
IBM, System/360 mainframe 296
IEEE Computer Society, Computer Elements Technical Committee (1974) 304
Institution of Civil Engineers 140
International Cloud Atlas (1891) 260, 263, 270271
International Survey of the Sky 257, 260, 269
importance of Hill’s cloud camera 263, 271
Janssonius, Johannes 75
Jardine, Boris 84
Jarvis, Charles, draughtsman 124, 136
Jesuits, Madrid, and cosmography 72
Jobs, Steve 291
John de Manthorp, vicar of Hayton 36
John of London, star list 19
Johnson, Boris 291
Jordanova, Ludmilla 4, 11
Journal of Genetics 285
Julian calendar, use on Sutton’s quadrant 97
Kant, Immanuel 75
Keith, Arthur, and Piltdown forgery 216, 217
Kelty, Chris 310
Kelvin, Lord see Thomson, William
Kennedy, John 309
King’s College, London 126, 136
Kiralfy, Imre, exhibitions 153
klinostat, botanical instrument 104
Lardner, Dionysius, science lecturer 122, 124, 138
latten (alloy) 15
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 303
Lennard-Jones, John 133
Les systèmes nuageux (French meteorological office) 263265
Lestringant, Frank 74
Ley, Revd Clement 263, 270
Leyland, Roberts, botanist 114
libraries, medieval, astronomical instruments and manuscripts 40
Linnaeus, Carl, taxonomic system 105
Linnean Society of London 116
Lockyer, Norman 127
Lucy, St 28
Ludgate, Percy 153
Lyell, Charles 114115
machine tools, for Babbage’s components 123
Macleay Museum, Sydney 130
Macock, J., printer 86
Maddison, Francis 34
Madrid
Imperial College (Jesuit) 72
Royal Mathematical Academy 72
Manchester Society of Chartered Accountants 148
manufacturing
artisan 120, 122, 129
Babbage and 123, 128
Margaret of Antioch, St 27, 29
Marke, John, instrument maker 95
Marshall, William Prime 148
Martin of Tours, St, hagiographies 28
Marx, Karl 128
mathematical authors 64, 70
mathematics
and cosmography 69
early modern culture of 56
Maurolico, Francesco 70
Maxwell, James Clerk 132
Mayer, Tobias, lunar globe 76
medicine, astrological 51
memory
mechanical (Babbage) 122, 128129
and museums 119121
Mendel, Gregor, hybridisation experiments 277
Mendel’s laws of genetics 276, 279, 286
of dominance 281
and epistasis 278
of independent assortment 281
role of factors (genes) 278
of segregation 281
Mensing, Anton, collector and dealer 201, 204, 208
astrolabe collection 211
Mercator, Gerard 60
Atlas 70, 75
Merrifield, Charles 145, 147
Merton College, Oxford, library 40
metallurgical analysis 12
and detection of forgeries 206207
Meteorological Office 270
meteorology
amateur photographic contributions to 257, 259, 269273
cloud study 260262
coordination of photographs and synoptic charts 268271
international cooperation in 257
synoptic mapping 262265
and weather maps 264
see also cloud camera; clouds
microprocessor technology 297
microscope, Ellis aquatic (Hooker’s gift to Hobson) (Wh.1824) 108, 109
Mizauld, Antoine, De mundi sphaera sive cosmographia 69
models 275
and practical investigative strategies 289
as teaching aid 282, 290
see also chicken heads; Punnett square
Montessori, Maria 240, 244, 247
Moray, Sir Robert 94
Morden, Robert, globe-maker 95
Morgan, T. H., and fruit flies 288
Morland, Samuel 148
mosses see Musci Britannici
Moulton, John Fletcher 147
Mount, Richard, bookseller and publisher 96
Mount, William 96
Mountbatten, Earl 134
Moxon, Joseph, globe 78, 79
Munro, Robert William, instrument maker 146, 151152, 152
Münster, Sebastian 60, 64, 70, 7475
Musci Britannici (Edward Hobson) (Wh.4577) 101118, 112
copies in public institutions 117
Hooker’s copy 117
making of 107112
presentation of (exsiccatae) 101, 102
price 109
publication circuit 113116
subscribers 113
Muscologia Britannica, Hooker & Taylor 105, 106
second edition 115
museums
acquisition of scientific instruments 190192
and historical narratives 120
and memory 119121
navicula sundials 4850
in Apian (Wh.0731) 62, 62
Geneva 48
Greenwich 48
Oxford 48
provenance locations 49, 50
reconstructed (Wh.5902) 41, 42
Yorkshire 49
navigational charts, Spanish 7273
Needham, Dorothy 280
Nelson, Richard J. 303
and PPC group 307309
Netherlands, cosmographic atlases 75
New York Times 250, 301
Nicholas of Lynn, astronomer 25
Norwich, Whipple astrolabe associated with 16
Nuñez, Pedro 73, 77
Nuremberg, Kosmographische Gesellschaft 75
Nyburg, Henry, letter to Price 209
Nyhart, Lynn 283
Oakley, Kenneth, and Piltdown forgery 218
objects, as culture-carriers 240
Ohm, Georg Simon 160
Ohm’s law, on electrical resistance 160
Oldenburg, Henry 94
Olszewski, Margaret Maria 283
Opp, C. H., instrument maker 198
Ørsted, Hans Christian 160, 165
Osborne, Tom, and HP-9100A 295
Oughtred, William
circle of proportion 135
‘horizontal instrument’ 83, 89, 93
Oxford University
astronomical instruments 36
History of Science Museum 84
Evans’s collection 188, 203
Page, Thomas 96
Pease, Michael 282
Peel, Sir Robert, Prime Minister 136
Perner, Adam, instrument maker 198
Perse School Hall, Whipple collection in 4
Pestalozzi, Johan 240, 244, 247
‘Peter’, performing chimpanzee 250251, 251
Philip II, King of Spain 72
Philip IV, King of Spain 72
photography, popularised 272
Pierrepont, Thomas, bookseller 86
Piltdown controversy 201, 216219, 217
Pitt Rivers, Lt-General Augustus, collection 212
planimeters, Hele-Shaw and 146
Pliny the Elder 70
Plowden, William 137
Pollock, Frederick 132, 147
Polytechnic Institution, Regent Street, London 120
Popular Electronics 291
Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS), astronomical instruments 4244, 44, 46
Portugal, cosmography in 72, 76
Pouillet, Claude 166
Powerhouse Museum, Sydney 149
PPC (HP-65 Users Group) 307311
Price, Charles, instrument maker 96
Price, Derek J. de Solla 34
and Antikythera mechanism 214
and Bos astrolabe 202, 204, 207, 208, 212
career 205
concept of ‘scientometrics’ 202, 215
‘Fake Antique Scientific Instruments’ (1956 paper) 201, 213
and fake scientific instruments 187, 190, 196
‘International Checklist of Astrolabes’ (1955) 209, 213
and international cooperation 213
methods of identifying fakes 204210, 209
and Piltdown forgery 216219
prints
of instruments bound into books 86
Sutton’s engraved reverse 85, 85
Ptolemy, Claudius
Almagest 39, 71
Geography 58
On the Analemma 62
Punnett, Reginald
and Cambar autosexing poultry breed 282
chicken heads 275
experimental poultry breeding 284, 286
Heredity in Poultry 281, 287
Mendelism 279, 286287
work with Bateson 277279, 283, 285
Punnett square 276, 279, 280, 281
as conceptual tool 286, 289
dissemination of 287
Puttick and Simpson, Auction Gallery 187, 192
buyers 192194
catalogues 188, 188, 194
sale prices 195199
quadrants 66
attribution of Collins’s to Sutton 99
Collins’s ‘small quadrant’ 91
‘great universal’ equatorial (Wh.2754) 91, 9192
replacement solar declination (Wh.6644) 98, 98
‘horizontal quadrant’ 93
medieval 4748, 48
projections 8990
reverted tail 9193, 92
‘small pocket quadrant’ (Wh.5831) 93, 93
Sutton’s 8399
Quarterly Review 286
R. & J. Beck, cloud camera 257, 264, 266
radioactivity, measurement by electroscope 164
Rankin, Joy Lisi 294
Rede, William, Oxford scholar 37
Regiomontanus dial 62, 73
research
genetics 285, 289
industrial 173
meteorological 259, 264
Whipple model 47
Robertson, William Henry 241
and Consul, the Educated Monkey 238
patents 238, 239, 242, 253
Royal Air Force, and cloud camera 266
Royal Anthropological Institute, and Piltdown forgery 217
Royal Astronomical Society 152
Royal Institution 173
Babbage’s models at 125
Royal Meteorological Society 261, 272
Quarterly Journal 265, 267
Royal Society, Evolution Committee 286
Rutherford, Ernest 133
Ryan, Edward 141
Sachs, Julius 104
Sacrobosco, De sphaera 70
St Andrews, University of 283
saints’ days 22
English 27
and hagiographies 27
sandglasses 66
Sarum calendar 25
Saxton, Joseph, instrument maker 125
Scheutz, Georg and Edvard, difference engine 138, 139
Schneider, Norman 167
Schweigger, Johann 166
Science magazine, advertisements 182
Science Museum 126
1976 exhibition 135
analytical engine mill in 151, 152
Babbage fragment in 149
‘Making the Difference’ exhibition 154
see also South Kensington
scientific instruments
collections 203
deliberate forgeries 200
European manufacturers 196
fake antiques 187, 190, 197
inscriptions on 193194, 194
instructions for use 194
role in development of science 205
sale prices 195199
visibility and legibility 207, 214, 218
see also astronomical instruments; botanical instruments; cosmographical instruments; electrical measuring instruments
‘scientometrics’, Price’s concept of 202, 215
Sedgwick, Adam 285
seed herbarium (Wh.6624) 223, 224
for identification of forage crop weeds 225, 230
seed market, international 225, 227, 235
forage crops 231233
regulations 232
seed testing 228231, 230, 236
and purity 234
Testing of Seeds Order (1917) 235
seeds
adulteration of commercial supplies 227
and companion seeds 233
red clover 228
reference collection (Canada) 234
‘source indicators’ 224, 233
see also weeds
Seller, John, instrument maker 97
Semphill, Hugh
sundials as cosmographical instruments 55, 66, 74
and other cosmographical instruments 66, 71
Senex, John, instrument maker 97
Seville, Casa de Contratación 72, 76
Sibton Abbey, Suffolk 4849
Siemens, galvanometer 179, 181183
Sinnott, Edmund 287
Slingo, William 172
Smith, David 247
The Teaching of Arithmetic (1913) 244
Smith, Grafton Elliot, and Piltdown forgery 216
social politics, and computers as consumer good 297
Somer, John, astronomer 25
South Kensington
1862 international exhibition 121
1876 exhibition 127
Special Loan Collection of Scientific Apparatus 190191
see also Science Museum
Spain, cosmography in 7274
speculum cosmographicum (cosmographical mirror) 67, 68
Stanhope, Charles 148
stars, marked on Whipple astrolabe 19, 20
Statistical Society of London 143
Stebler, Friedrich, agronomist 231, 233, 235
Sterne, Dr Richard 94
Stewart, John 113
Stiborius, Andreas 63
Stoeffler, Johannes
astrolabe projections 89
Cosmographicae aliquot descriptiones 71
Stolle, Manuel Burillo, Elementos de cosmografía … (1903) 76
Stone, Edmond, translation of Bion 97
Stovin, Margaret, plant collector 114
Strabo 70
Strand Magazine 151
Sturgeon, William, moving-coil galvanometer 167
sundials 58
as cosmographical instruments 55, 5865, 74, 81
fake (chronogram identified by Evans) 196
with fake inscription (Wh.0226) 194
ivory diptych (Wh.1681) 69
paper universal altitude (organum Ptolomei) 59, 60, 62
popularity of 199
in Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) 43, 44
Regiomontanus dial 62, 73
ring dials 43
sale prices 198
Sutton, Henry, engraver 8399
brass quadrant 84
and Collins’s The Sector on a Quadrant 86, 8889, 92
printed paper quadrants 84
reputation 9499
Sydney, Macleay Museum 130
Symons’ Meteorological Magazine 269
Taylor, Eva, on Sutton 83
Taylor, Thomas 117
Muscologia Britannica with William Hooker 105, 106
teaching
astronomical instruments for 34
of evolution 252
models and visualisations for 282, 290
technical colleges 175178
trade-based 174175
see also education
The Telegraphic Journal 174
telegraphy
training 175
use of galvanometers 167, 171
Testing of Seeds Order (1917) 235
Texas Instruments (TI) 297
Thales of Miletus 38
Thevet, André 70, 7475
Thomas of Canterbury, St 27
Thompson, Anthony, instrument maker 94
Thompson, Silvanus P. 169, 171
Thomson, J. J. 133
Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin) 146
moving-magnet reflecting galvanometer 169
quadrant electrometer 163
timekeeping
astrolabes for 17
medieval instruments for 33, 51
see also clocks
The Times, argument over mechanised memory (1946) 134
Tissot, Auguste, Précis de cosmographie (1869) 76
toys 249
animal 249
educational 241248
Turing, Alan 134
Turner, Fred 298
UNESCO 220
United States of America
development of computing 292
educational toy market 243
genetics research 289
public education 239
view of mathematics 255
University College, London
Babbage fragment in 149, 150
engineering wing (1893) 178
physical laboratory 176
Uppsala, Cosmographical Society 75
Varley, Cromwell F. 167
Vatican, Tower of the Winds 65
vaudeville, New York 249
Volta, Alessandro 160161
electrometer 161
Wallis, John 89, 94
Walter of Elveden, astronomer 2526, 29
Walter, Herbert 287
waterclocks 66
Waters, Kenneth 289
Watkins, Francis, instrument-maker 124
Webster, Percy, dealer in antique scientific instruments 193, 196
weeds
definition 223, 225
dodder seeds 232
mobility of 226, 231, 235
see also seeds
Weiner, J. S., and Piltdown forgery 217
Weishaupt and Co., dealers in antique scientific instruments 192
Wellcome, Henry, collection 212
Wellington, Duke of, Prime Minister 141
Werner, Johannes, Paraphrases 61
Wheatstone, Charles 175
Whipple collection
early homes of 4, 188
fake scientific instruments 187, 194
Whipple, George Mathews 2, 270
Whipple, Robert Stewart ii, 12
and 1944 Cambridge exhibition 205
as collector 199200, 204, 210212
and forgeries 212
paper on galvanometers 159160
Whipple Library 4
Whipple Museum of the History of Science 4
‘Designated’ status 2
founding 1, 204, 206
Price at 202, 204205
student research on collections (since 1995) 313
Whipple Museum objects
Adams electrometer (Wh.6648) 161, 162
astrolabe Wh.0305 (Joannes Bos fake) 202, 204, 207, 208
astrolabe Wh.1264 (late medieval English) 1231, 13
auxanometer (Wh.2766) 104, 105
chicken heads, plaster models (Wh.6547) 275, 276
cloud camera (Wh.4416) 257258, 258
Consul, the Educated Monkey, calculator toy (Wh.5821) 237255, 238
Curie-type gold-leaf electrometer (Wh.1353) 162, 164
dial with fake inscription (Wh.0226) 194
difference engine (Wh.2339) 130, 131, 135
diptych compass dial (Wh.1681) 68, 69
Ellis aquatic microscope (Wh.1824) 108, 109
‘English’ globe (Wh.1466) 78, 78
galvanometers
‘Lineman’s Detector’ (Wh.3090) 169, 171172
moving-coil reflecting (Wh.4190) 177178, 177
moving-coil reflecting (Wh.4292) 184
moving-magnet pointer (Helmholtz tangent type) (Wh.1347) 166
moving-magnet reflecting (Wh.0939) 169, 169171, 185
thermal reflecting (Wh.4045) 179, 179181
‘great universal’ equatorial quadrant (Wh.2754) 91, 9192
‘great universal’ quadrant with replacement solar declination (Wh.6644) 98, 98
hand held electronic calculator collection (Wh.4529) 291311
Musci Britannici (Wh.4577) 101118, 112
navicula dial (Wh.0731) 62, 62
navicula dial (Wh.5902) 42
seed herbarium (Wh.6624) 223, 224, 225, 230
‘small pocket quadrant’ (Wh.5831) 93, 93
Whipple research model 47
White City exhibition 153
Whitworth, Joseph 123, 138, 149
Whole Earth Catalog (1968) 297, 311
Wilkes, Maurice 133134, 141, 154
wills and probate inventories, ownership of astronomical instruments 36
Wilson, C. T. R. 165
Wilson, John, antiquarian 48
Wilson, William, moss expert 110
Wimsatt, William 286, 288
Witmer, Dr Lightner 250
Wood, R. W., Physical Optics (1911) 265
Woodward, Arthur Smith, and Piltdown forgery 216
Worcester, William, clerk 39
Wozniak, Steve 310
Wright, Richard
and Charles Babbage 123
and Henry Babbage 144
Würzburg, Sachs botanical institute 104
Zamorano, Rodrigo 73
Ziegler’s wax embryo models 283
zoomorphism, on astrolabes 21