Index
Note: Page numbers in italics refer to Figures; those in bold refer to Tables
Adelaide Gallery, London 125
Agar, Jon 293
Airy, George, Astronomer Royal 136
Åkerman, Anders, globe pairs 76
Alberti, Samuel 240
Allaun, Charles, patent for mechanical monkey calculator 242
Ampère, André-Marie 166
Anderson, Edgar, botanist 227
Anderson, Katharine 262
Anderson, Robert, Stereometrical Propositions 95
Antikythera mechanism 214
Antinori, Vincenzo 132
antiquaries, reconstruction of medieval instruments 41
Antique Art Galleries 200
Apian, Peter
and Ptolemy 60
Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (1975) 302
archaeology, and identification of astronomical instruments
astrolabe Wh.1264 (late medieval English astrolabe) , 13
dating 15
material 15
practicality of 30
and St George 28
size 15
tympans (absent) 16
astrolabes 11
Chaucer’s Treatise on 19
modifications and repairs 14
owners of
role in medieval culture 30
sale prices 198
for timekeeping 17
see also astrolabe Wh.0305; astrolabe Wh.1264astrological medicine 51
astronomical instruments
and archaeology
manuscripts and texts
owners 36
portable 33
for teaching and reference 34
of wood 41
see also astrolabes; cosmographical instruments; cylinder dials; navicular sundialsaugrim (calculating) stones 39
Augustine of Canterbury, St 27
Automatic Coil Winder and Electrical Equipment Co. 182
Ayrton, William 176
Babbage, Charles
analytical engine project 128
autobiography 134
death 141
doctrine of immortality 143
house in Dorset Street , 144
inspired by Jacquard loom 129
and memory 122,
and Polytechnic Institution 120
public funds for calculating engine 122
see also difference engineBabbage, Charles Whitmore 149
Babbage, Henry
commemoration of father 143
and construction of mill of analytical engine , 151
early career
family 144
gifts to Cambridge 132
Memoirs
move to Bromley 144
move to Cheltenham 150
Babbage, Nevil Francis 130
Balfour, Arthur 285
Ball, Robert 153
Barbosa, António, Elementos de cosmografia (1926) 76
Barker, D.W. 270
Barozzi, Francesco 70
battery, Volta’s invention
Baxandall, David 152
Belleforest, François de 74
Bennett, Abraham 161
Bergman, Tobern 75
Berkeley, Revd Miles Joseph 110
Bernal sale (1855) 203
Bernstein, Ralph 302
Biancani, Giuseppe 70
Biffen, Rowland 286
Bion, Nicolas, Stone’s translation of The Construction … of Mathematical Instruments 97
Birminghan Philosophical Society 148
Blaeu, Willem Janszoon 75
Blundeville, Thomas, Exercises 69
botanical instruments
Botulph, St 25
Bowditch, Henry Ingersoll 125
Bowditch, Nathaniel 128
Bragg, Lawrence 207
brain, and terminology of intellectual labour 142
Bredon, Simon, Oxford scholar 37
Bree, Revd William, botanist 113
British Association (for the Advancement of Science) 140
and analytical engine 145
Babbage’s models at 125
Committee on Electrical Standards 170
Henry Babbage’s lecture (1888) 151
British Broadcasting Company (BBC) 183
Brooker, Arthur 172
Brunel, Marc 124
Buxton, Harry 130
calculators
HP-35 ‘electronic slide rule’ , 299
personalisation 295
programmable 302
programming infrastructure
user communities 310
Cambridge Philosophical Society 3
Cambridge University
1944 exhibition of Whipple collection 205
genetics research at 285
Gotham Loan Chest 36
Carrington, Benjamin, botanist 102
Casella, L. P. 2
cataloguing projects, post-war 203
Catherine, St 28
Cedillo Díaz, Juan, professor of cosmography 72
Celtis, Conrad 63
Central Institution, South Kensington 176
Ceruzzi, Paul 310
Chad, St 25
Chaves, Alonso de 73
Chetham’s Library, Manchester 117
chicken heads, plaster models (Wh.6547) 275, 276
limitations of 288
as teaching aid 282
for visualisation
chimpanzees, performing (US vaudeville)
chronogram, on fake sundial 196
Clark, Constance 252
classification, of collections 207
Clement, St 29
Clifford, William
cloud cameras (Wh.4416) , 258
early pinhole 264
fish-eye lens 257
obsolescence 273
translation from distortion to conventional image , 267
clouds
reference images of 271
and relation to pressure systems 263
universality of forms 261
see also meteorologyCold War, and computers 301
collecting and collectors
and anomalous objects 214
changing nature of
and classification 207
factors in Whipple’s interest in
as hobby 191
and visibility and legibility of objects 207
see also Evans, Lewis; Whipple collection; Whipple, RobertCollins, John
descriptions of quadrants
The Sector on a Quadrant …
compasses, magnetic 68
computers, mainframe 296
computers, personal
Altair 8800: 291
appeal of early 293
and microprocessor technology 297
origins 291
ownership and autonomy 301
prices 302
and social politics 297
and synthetic programming
Consul, the Educated Monkey, calculator toy (Wh.5821) , 238
advertisement for 253
appeal of
as calculator
development of 241
and Multe game
as teacher , 246
as toy 238,
Cooke, John, and Piltdown forgery 217
Cooke, William Fothergill 175
Corrie, Susannah, moss collector 114
cosmographical instruments
sundials as 55,
Crop, John 39
Curie, Pierre and Marie, electroscope 164
Dalton, James, copy of Hobson’s Musci Britannici 117
Darwin, Charles, Académie des Sciences, Paris 103
Darwin, Francis 104
Dawson, Charles, and Piltdown forgery 216
De la Rue, Warren 173
Delcambre, Colonel 264
Devonshire Commission on scientific instruction (1876) 127
Dick, Stephanie 294
difference engine (Babbage’s)
deemed a failure 147
demonstration models 125
drawings by Benjamin Babbage 125
fragments of, as gifts 130
Henry Babbage’s models 146
machine tools for 123
at Mathematical Laboratory, Cambridge 134
modern working version of second engine 154
relics on display 126
Digital Equipment Corporation, minicomputers 296
Dobbys, Robert, owner of astrolabe 37
Dorsey, Noah Ernest 164
Duddell, William Du Bois
Dunn, Leslie Clarence 287
Dunstan, St
Dupin, Charles 125
Edinburgh, analytical engine mill on display 153
Edney, Matthew 80
educational toys , 254
Edward I, King 29
Edward III, King 29
electrical measuring instruments 159
black-box technologies 159
development of
incomplete, in Whipple collection 184
see also electrometers; galvanometerselectricity, early detection of 161
Eton College, Musci Britannici copy 107
Evans, Sir Arthur 187
evolution, teaching of 252
Ferguson, Richard Saul 22
Findlay, Sir John, collector 191
Finsbury Technical College 175
Fisher, William, bookseller 86
Fitzgerald, William, journalist 152
Fleming, John Ambrose 170
forgers, and response to market 220
Foster, Professor George Carey 176
France, Office National Météorologique de 263
Franklin, John, Arctic expedition 155
Franks, Augustus Wollaston, collection of scientific instruments 203
Fusoris, Jean, of Paris, astrolabe maker 21
Gallucci, Giovanni Paolo, Della fabrica et uso di diversi stromenti … 71
galvanometers
and astatic needle 167
AVOmeter 182
Ayrton–Mather type 169
D’Arsonval type 167
development of 166
and electromagnetism 165
‘Lineman’s Detector’ (Wh.3090) 169,
to measure strength of electrical current 160
and measurement of alternating currents (AC) 180
moving-coil 167
moving-coil pointer multimeter 179,
moving-coil reflecting (Wh.4190) , 177
moving-coil reflecting (Wh.4292) 184
moving-magnet 167
moving-magnet pointer (Helmholtz tangent type) (Wh.1347) 166
standardised and bespoke
thermal reflecting (Wh.4045) 179,
and torsion balance 168
see also electrometersGarton, William, engineer 136
Gatty, Margaret, The Book of Sun-dials (1872) 199
General Post Office, Telegraphic School of Science 172
Genetical Society of Great Britain 285
George, St
Goclenius, Rudolf, Cosmographiae seu sphaera mundi descriptionis 70
Gonville, Edmund 29
Good, John, account of Sutton quadrants
Gould, Rupert 134
Gower, John, Confessio Amantis 39
Gray, Asa, botanist 103
Gray, John Edward, naturalist 114
Gregory, Sir Richard 273
Greville, Robert Kaye, botanist 113
Guthrie, Edwin 148
hagiographies 27
Halske AG, volt-ammeter 182
Hamilton, Gertrude 200
Harding, George, dealer in antique scientific instruments 192
Hartree, Douglas
Harvard University, Babbage fragment in 149
Harvie, Thomas, commission for quadrant
Heilbron, John 161
Hele-Shaw, Henry, professor of engineering 146
Henley, William 161
Henryson, Robert 39
Hewlett-Packard Calculator Digest 311
Hewlett-Packard (HP) (Wh.4529) 296
HP-35 ‘electronic slide rule’ , 299
newsletter
and PPC (HP-65 Users Group)
Heylyn, Peter, Cosmographie in Foure Bookes 75
History of Science Lectures Committee 3
Hondius, Jodocus 75
Hooker, R. H. 269
Hopwood, Arthur 251
Hurlock, George, bookseller 86
Hurt, John, will (1476) 36
Iberian Union (1580–1640) 73
IBM, System/360 mainframe 296
IEEE Computer Society, Computer Elements Technical Committee (1974) 304
Institution of Civil Engineers 140
Janssonius, Johannes 75
Jardine, Boris 84
Jesuits, Madrid, and cosmography 72
Jobs, Steve 291
John de Manthorp, vicar of Hayton 36
John of London, star list 19
Johnson, Boris 291
Journal of Genetics 285
Julian calendar, use on Sutton’s quadrant 97
Kant, Immanuel 75
Kelty, Chris 310
Kennedy, John 309
Kiralfy, Imre, exhibitions 153
klinostat, botanical instrument 104
latten (alloy) 15
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm 303
Lennard-Jones, John 133
Les systèmes nuageux (French meteorological office)
Lestringant, Frank 74
Leyland, Roberts, botanist 114
libraries, medieval, astronomical instruments and manuscripts 40
Linnaeus, Carl, taxonomic system 105
Linnean Society of London 116
Lockyer, Norman 127
Lucy, St 28
Ludgate, Percy 153
Lyell, Charles
machine tools, for Babbage’s components 123
Macleay Museum, Sydney 130
Macock, J., printer 86
Maddison, Francis 34
Manchester Society of Chartered Accountants 148
Marke, John, instrument maker 95
Marshall, William Prime 148
Martin of Tours, St, hagiographies 28
Marx, Karl 128
Maurolico, Francesco 70
Maxwell, James Clerk 132
Mayer, Tobias, lunar globe 76
medicine, astrological 51
Mendel, Gregor, hybridisation experiments 277
Mendel’s laws of genetics 276, 279, 286
of dominance 281
and epistasis 278
of independent assortment 281
role of factors (genes) 278
of segregation 281
Merton College, Oxford, library 40
Meteorological Office 270
meteorology
cloud study
coordination of photographs and synoptic charts
international cooperation in 257
synoptic mapping
and weather maps 264
see also cloud camera; cloudsmicroprocessor technology 297
Mizauld, Antoine, De mundi sphaera sive cosmographia 69
Moray, Sir Robert 94
Morden, Robert, globe-maker 95
Morgan, T. H., and fruit flies 288
Morland, Samuel 148
Moulton, John Fletcher 147
Mount, Richard, bookseller and publisher 96
Mount, William 96
Mountbatten, Earl 134
navigational charts, Spanish
Needham, Dorothy 280
Netherlands, cosmographic atlases 75
Nicholas of Lynn, astronomer 25
Norwich, Whipple astrolabe associated with 16
Nuremberg, Kosmographische Gesellschaft 75
Nyburg, Henry, letter to Price 209
Nyhart, Lynn 283
Oakley, Kenneth, and Piltdown forgery 218
objects, as culture-carriers 240
Ohm, Georg Simon 160
Ohm’s law, on electrical resistance 160
Oldenburg, Henry 94
Olszewski, Margaret Maria 283
Opp, C. H., instrument maker 198
Osborne, Tom, and HP-9100A 295
Page, Thomas 96
Pease, Michael 282
Peel, Sir Robert, Prime Minister 136
Perner, Adam, instrument maker 198
Perse School Hall, Whipple collection in 4
‘Peter’, performing chimpanzee , 251
Philip II, King of Spain 72
Philip IV, King of Spain 72
photography, popularised 272
Pierrepont, Thomas, bookseller 86
Pitt Rivers, Lt-General Augustus, collection 212
planimeters, Hele-Shaw and 146
Pliny the Elder 70
Plowden, William 137
Polytechnic Institution, Regent Street, London 120
Popular Electronics 291
Pouillet, Claude 166
Powerhouse Museum, Sydney 149
PPC (HP-65 Users Group)
Price, Charles, instrument maker 96
Price, Derek J. de Solla 34
and Antikythera mechanism 214
career 205
and international cooperation 213
methods of identifying fakes , 209
and Piltdown forgery
quadrants 66
attribution of Collins’s to Sutton 99
Collins’s ‘small quadrant’ 91
‘horizontal quadrant’ 93
medieval , 48
projections
reverted tail , 92
Sutton’s
Quarterly Review 286
radioactivity, measurement by electroscope 164
Rankin, Joy Lisi 294
Rede, William, Oxford scholar 37
Royal Air Force, and cloud camera 266
Royal Anthropological Institute, and Piltdown forgery 217
Royal Astronomical Society 152
Royal Society, Evolution Committee 286
Rutherford, Ernest 133
Ryan, Edward 141
Sachs, Julius 104
Sacrobosco, De sphaera 70
St Andrews, University of 283
sandglasses 66
Sarum calendar 25
Saxton, Joseph, instrument maker 125
Schneider, Norman 167
Schweigger, Johann 166
Science magazine, advertisements 182
Science Museum 126
1976 exhibition 135
Babbage fragment in 149
‘Making the Difference’ exhibition 154
see also South Kensingtonscientific instruments
collections 203
deliberate forgeries 200
European manufacturers 196
inscriptions on , 194
instructions for use 194
role in development of science 205
sale prices
see also astronomical instruments; botanical instruments; cosmographical instruments; electrical measuring instrumentsSedgwick, Adam 285
seeds
adulteration of commercial supplies 227
and companion seeds 233
red clover 228
reference collection (Canada) 234
see also weedsSeller, John, instrument maker 97
Semphill, Hugh
Senex, John, instrument maker 97
Sibton Abbey, Suffolk
Siemens, galvanometer 179,
Sinnott, Edmund 287
Slingo, William 172
Smith, Grafton Elliot, and Piltdown forgery 216
social politics, and computers as consumer good 297
Somer, John, astronomer 25
South Kensington
1862 international exhibition 121
1876 exhibition 127
Special Loan Collection of Scientific Apparatus
see also Science MuseumSpain, cosmography in
Stanhope, Charles 148
Statistical Society of London 143
Sterne, Dr Richard 94
Stewart, John 113
Stiborius, Andreas 63
Stolle, Manuel Burillo, Elementos de cosmografía … (1903) 76
Stone, Edmond, translation of Bion 97
Stovin, Margaret, plant collector 114
Strabo 70
Strand Magazine 151
Sturgeon, William, moving-coil galvanometer 167
sundials 58
fake (chronogram identified by Evans) 196
with fake inscription (Wh.0226) 194
ivory diptych (Wh.1681) 69
popularity of 199
ring dials 43
sale prices 198
Sydney, Macleay Museum 130
Symons’ Meteorological Magazine 269
Taylor, Eva, on Sutton 83
teaching
astronomical instruments for 34
of evolution 252
technical colleges
trade-based
see also educationThe Telegraphic Journal 174
Testing of Seeds Order (1917) 235
Texas Instruments (TI) 297
Thales of Miletus 38
Thevet, André 70,
Thomas of Canterbury, St 27
Thompson, Anthony, instrument maker 94
Thomson, J. J. 133
Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin) 146
moving-magnet reflecting galvanometer 169
quadrant electrometer 163
The Times, argument over mechanised memory (1946) 134
Tissot, Auguste, Précis de cosmographie (1869) 76
Turing, Alan 134
Turner, Fred 298
UNESCO 220
United States of America
development of computing 292
educational toy market 243
genetics research 289
public education 239
view of mathematics 255
Uppsala, Cosmographical Society 75
Varley, Cromwell F. 167
Vatican, Tower of the Winds 65
vaudeville, New York 249
Volta, Alessandro
electrometer 161
Walter of Elveden, astronomer , 29
Walter, Herbert 287
waterclocks 66
Waters, Kenneth 289
Watkins, Francis, instrument-maker 124
Weiner, J. S., and Piltdown forgery 217
Weishaupt and Co., dealers in antique scientific instruments 192
Wellcome, Henry, collection 212
Wellington, Duke of, Prime Minister 141
Werner, Johannes, Paraphrases 61
Wheatstone, Charles 175
Whipple, Robert Stewart ii,
and 1944 Cambridge exhibition 205
as collector , 204,
and forgeries 212
paper on galvanometers
Whipple Library 4
Whipple Museum of the History of Science 4
‘Designated’ status 2
Price at 202,
student research on collections (since 1995) 313
Whipple Museum objects
astrolabe Wh.1264 (late medieval English) , 13
cloud camera (Wh.4416) , 258
Consul, the Educated Monkey, calculator toy (Wh.5821) , 238
dial with fake inscription (Wh.0226) 194
galvanometers
‘Lineman’s Detector’ (Wh.3090) 169,
moving-coil reflecting (Wh.4190) , 177
moving-coil reflecting (Wh.4292) 184
moving-magnet pointer (Helmholtz tangent type) (Wh.1347) 166
thermal reflecting (Wh.4045) 179,
‘great universal’ equatorial quadrant (Wh.2754) 91,
hand held electronic calculator collection (Wh.4529)
Musci Britannici (Wh.4577) , 112
navicula dial (Wh.5902) 42
Whipple research model
White City exhibition 153
wills and probate inventories, ownership of astronomical instruments 36
Wilson, C. T. R. 165
Wilson, John, antiquarian 48
Wilson, William, moss expert 110
Witmer, Dr Lightner 250
Wood, R. W., Physical Optics (1911) 265
Woodward, Arthur Smith, and Piltdown forgery 216
Worcester, William, clerk 39
Wozniak, Steve 310
Würzburg, Sachs botanical institute 104