Ackroyd, Peter. Dickens. New York: Harper Collins, 1990.
Adorno, Theodor W. “The Curves of the Needle.” Trans. Thomas Y. Levin. October 55 (Winter 1990): 49–55.
Altick, Richard D. “Introduction.” In Browning, The Ring and the Book. 11–15.
Anderson, Amanda. Tainted Souls and Painted Faces: The Rhetoric of Fallenness in Victorian Culture. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993.
Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1983.
Arac, Jonathan. Huckleberry Finn as Idol and Target: The Functions of Criticism in Our Time. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1997.
Armstrong, Isobel. Victorian Poetry: Poetry, Poetics, Politics. London and New York: Routledge, 1993.
Armstrong, Nancy. Fiction in the Age of Photography: The Legacy of British Realism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
Ashton, Owen. “Orators and Oratory in the Chartist Movement, 1840–1848.” In The Chartist Legacy. Ed. Ashton, Owen, Fyson, Robert, and Roberts, Stephen. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Merlin, 1999. 48–77.
Auerbach, Nina. “Robert Browning's Last Word.” Victorian Poetry 22 (2) (Summer 1984): 161–73.
Austen, Jane. Northanger Abbey. With Lady Susan; The Watsons; and Sanditon. World's Classics. Ed. Davie, John. Introduction by Terry Castle. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Austin, J. L.How To Do Things with Words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962.
“A Wonderful Invention.” Scientific American 38 (20), November 17, 1877: 304.
Bamford, Samuel. The Autobiography of Samuel Bamford. Vol.ii. Passages in the Life of a Radical. Ed. Chaloner, W. H.. London: Frank Cass & Co., 1967.
Barrell, John. The Political Theory of Painting From Reynolds to Hazlitt: “The Body of the Public”. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.
Barrett, Elizabeth, and Robert Browning. The Letters of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Barrett, 1845–1846. Ed. Kintner, Elvan. Vol. i. Cambridge, MA: Belknap/Harvard University Press, 1969.
Barrett Browning, Elizabeth. Aurora Leigh. Ed. Reynolds, Margaret. New York and London: Norton, 1996.
Barrett Browning, Elizabeth. Selected Poems. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.
Barthes, Roland. Camera Lucida: Reflections on Photography. Trans. Richard Howard. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1981.
Barthes, Roland.“The Death of the Author.” In The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. Ed. Leitch, Vincent B.. New York: Norton, 2001. 1466–70.
Beer, Gillian. “Carlyle and Mary Barton: Problems of Utterance.” In 1848: The Sociology of Literature. Proceedings of the Essex Conference on the Sociology of Literature, July 1977. Ed. Barker, Franciset al. Colchester: University of Essex, 1978. 242–55.
Beer, Gillian.“Storytime and its Futures.” In Time. Ed. Ridderbos, Katinka. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 126–42.
Bellman, Eric. “Dictation Deity: Shorthand Pioneer Is Revered in India; Mr. Ramaswamy's Guild Tries To Keep Dying Art Alive; Disappointing Pilgrimage.” Wall Street Journal, August 20, 2004: a1.
Benjamin, Walter. “The Storyteller: Reflections on the Work of Nikolai Leskov.” In Illuminations. Ed. Arendt, Hannah. Trans. Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken, 1968. 83–109.
Benjamin, Walter.“The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.” In Illuminations. 217–51.
Bickford, Charlene Bangset al., eds. Debates in the House of Representatives. First Session: April–May 1789. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.
Bodenheimer, Rosemarie. “Jane Eyre in Search of Her Story.” Papers on Language and Literature 16 (1980): 387–402.
Bodenheimer, Rosemarie. “Private Grief and Public Acts in Mary Barton.” Dickens Studies Annual 9. New York: AMS Press, 1981. 195–216.
Bolter, Jay David, and Grusin, Richard. Remediation: Understanding New Media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999.
Bourdieu, Pierre. The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature. Ed. and introduced by Johnson, Ronald. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Bradley, G.A Concise and Practical System of Stenography or Short-Hand Writing. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., 1843.
Brantlinger, Patrick. The Reading Lesson: The Threat of Mass Literacy in Nineteenth-Century British Fiction. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998.
Bristow, Joseph, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Victorian Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Brontë, Charlotte. “Editor's Preface to the New Edition of Wuthering Heights.” In Brontë, Emily, Wuthering Heights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976. 365–9.
Brontë, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Brontë, Charlotte.The Shakespeare Head Brontë. Ed. Wise, Thomas James, Oxon, Hon M. A. and Symington, John Alexander. Vol. iii: 1849–1852. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1932.
Brontë, Charlotte. Shirley. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974.
Brontë, Charlotte.Villette. Ed. Smith, Margaret and Rosengarten, Robert. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Brooks, Peter. Reading for the Plot: Design and Intention in Narrative. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984.
Brooks, Peter.“The Tale vs. The Novel.” In Why the Novel Matters: A Postmodern Perplex. Ed. Spilka, Mark and McCracken-Flesher, Caroline. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990. 303–10.
Brown, Susan. “Pompilia: The Woman (in) Question.” Victorian Poetry 34 (1) (Spring 1996): 15–37.
Browning, Robert. The Ring and the Book. Ed. Altick, Richard D.. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1971.
Butler, Judith. Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative. New York and London: Routledge, 1997.
Calhoun, Craig, ed. Habermas and the Public Sphere. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992.
Carlton, William J.Charles Dickens, Shorthand Writer: The 'Prentice Days of a Master Craftsman. London: Cecil Palmer, 1926.
Carlyle, Thomas. The Collected Letters of Thomas and Jane Welsh Carlyle. Ed. Sanders, Charles Richardet al. 31 vols. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1970–2001.
Carlyle, Thomas. “Corn-Law Rhymes.” [1832] In Critical and Miscellaneous Essays: Collected and Republished. 4 vols. Vol. iii. London: Chapman and Hall, 1847. 159–89.
Carlyle, Thomas.On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History. Notes and Introduction by Goldberg, Michael K.. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
Cavell, Stanley. “What Photography Calls Thinking.” In Raritan Reading. New Brunswick and London: Rutgers University Press, 1990. 47–65.
Chaloner, W. H. “Introduction to the New Edition.” In Bamford, Samuel, The Autobiography of Samuel Bamford. Vol.i. Early Days. London: Frank Cass & Co., 1967. 9–45.
Chartier, Roger. “Texts, Printing, Readings.” In The New Cultural History: Essays. Ed. Hunt, Lynn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. 154–75.
Chase, Karen, and Levenson, Michael. The Spectacle of Intimacy: A Public Life for the Victorian Family. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
Chew, V. K.Talking Machines 1877–1914: Some Aspects of the Early History of the Gramophone. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1967.
Chittick, Kathryn. Dickens and the 1830s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Clifford, James. “On Ethnographic Allegory.” In Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Ed. Clifford, James and Marcus, George E.. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. 98–121.
Clive, J. H.The Linear System of Short Hand. London: Whittaker, Treacher, & Co., 1830.
Cohen, Murray. Sensible Words: Linguistic Practice in England, 1640–1785. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977.
Collins, Philip. Reading Aloud: A Victorian Métier. Tennyson Society Monographs 5. Lincoln: The Tennyson Society, 1972.
Collins, Philip.“Introduction.” In Charles Dickens: The Public Readings. xvii–lxix.
Conot, Robert. A Streak of Luck. New York: Seaview, 1979.
Conrad, Joseph. The Collected Letters of Joseph Conrad. 5 vols. Ed. Karl, Frederick R. and Davies, Laurence. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Conrad, Joseph.Heart of Darkness. Ed. Kimbrough, Robert. New York: Norton, 1988.
Coppola, Francis Ford, dir. Apocalypse Now. Film. Omni Zoetrope. 1979.
Corbin, Alain. Village Bells: Sound and Meaning in the 19th-Century French Countryside. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.
Craig, C. Armour. “The Unpoetic Compromise: On the Relation Between Private Vision and Social Order in Nineteenth-Century English Fiction.” In Society and Self in the Novel. Ed. Schorer, Mark. New York: Columbia University Press, 1956. 26–50.
Dames, Nicholas. “The Clinical Novel: Phrenology and Villette.” Novel 29 (3) (Spring 1996): 367–90.
Davidson, Cathy N. “Photographs of the Dead: Sherman, Daguerre, Hawthorne.” South Atlantic Quarterly 89 (4) (Fall 1990): 667–701.
Stains, V. D.Phonography, or The Writing of Sounds. London: Effingham Wilson, 1842.
Derrida, Jacques. Of Grammatology. Trans. Gayatri Spivac. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976.
Derrida, Jacques. Dissemination. Trans. Barbara Johnson. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
Derrida, Jacques.Limited Inc. Ed. Graff, Gerald. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1988.
Dickens, Charles. Charles Dickens: The Public Readings. Ed. Collins, Philip. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975.
Dickens, Charles. David Copperfield. Introduction by Jeremy Tambling. New York: Penguin, 1996.
Dickens, Charles.Great Expectations. Ed. Cardwell, Margaret; introduction by Kate Flint. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Dickens, Charles.Hard Times. Ed. Ford, George and Monod, Sylvère. New York: Norton, 1966.
Dickens, Charles.Oliver Twist. Ed. Fairclough, Peter; introduction by Angus Wilson. New York: Penguin, 1966.
Dickens, Charles. Our Mutual Friend. Introduction by Michael Costell. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Dickens, Charles. The Pickwick Papers: The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Introduction by Joseph Mersand. New York: Washington Square Press, 1960.
Dickens, Charles.Selected Letters of Charles Dickens. Ed. Paroissien, David. London: Macmillan, 1985.
Dickens, Charles. The Letters of Charles Dickens. General Editors Madeline House and Graham Storey. 12 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965–.
Dickens, Charles.The Speeches of Charles Dickens. Ed. Fielding, K. J.. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1960.
Dickens, Mamie. Charles Dickens: By His Eldest Daughter. [1885]. Brooklyn, NY: Haskell House, 1977.
Disraeli, Benjamin. Sybil; or, The Two Nations. Ed. Smith, Sheila M.. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.
Dolby, George. Charles Dickens as I Knew Him: The Story of the Reading Tours in Great Britain and America, 1866–1871. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1885. Rpt. 1970.
Du Moncel, Théodose. The Telephone, Microphone and Phonograph. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1879.
Duncan, Ian. Modern Romance and Transformations of the Novel: The Gothic, Scott, and Dickens. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Edison, Thomas A. “The Perfected Phonograph.” North American Review, January–February 1888: 641–50.
Edison, Thomas. “The Phonograph and its Future.” North American Review, May–June 1878: 527–36.
Eley, Geoff. “Nations, Publics, and Political Cultures: Placing Habermas in the Nineteenth Century.” In Calhoun, ed., Habermas. 289–339.
Eliot, T. S.The Waste Land. The Complete Poems and Plays. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1952. 37–55.
Erickson, Lee. Robert Browning: His Poetry and his Audiences. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984.
Erickson, Lee. The Economy of Literary Form: English Literature and the Industrialization of Publishing, 1800–1850. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Ezell, Margaret J. M.Social Authorship and the Advent of Print. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.
Felman, Shoshana. The Scandal of the Speaking Body: Don Juan with J. L. Austin, or Seduction in Two Languages. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2003.
Ferguson, Susan L. “Dickens's Public Readings and the Victorian Author.” Studies in English Literature 41 (4) (Autumn 2001): 729–49.
Ferris, Ina. The Achievement of Literary Authority: Gender, History, and the Waverly Novels. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.
Field, Kate. Pen Photographs of Charles Dickens's Readings, Taken From Life. Boston: James R. Osgood & Co., 1871.
Fielding, Penny. Writing and Orality: Nationality, Culture, and Nineteenth-Century Scottish Fiction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Fishkin, Shelley Fisher. Was Huck Black?: Mark Twain and African-American Voices. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Fitzsimons, Raymund. The Charles Dickens Show: An Account of his Public Readings, 1858–1870. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1970.
Fliegelman, Jay. Declaring Independence: Jefferson, Natural Language, and the Culture of Performance. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993.
Ford, George H.Dickens and His Readers: Aspects of Novel Criticism Since 1836. New York: W. W. Norton, 1965.
Foucault, Michel. Histoire de la sexualité: La volonté de savoir. Paris: Editions Gallimard: 1976.
Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality: Volume I: An Introduction. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage, 1990.
Freeman, Janet H. “Speech and Silence in Jane Eyre.” Studies in English Literature 24 (4) (Autumn 1984): 683–700.
Fried, Michael. “Almayer's Face: On ‘Impressionism’ in Conrad, Crane, and Norris.” Critical Inquiry 17 (1) (Autumn 1990): 193–236.
Gallagher, Catherine. “The Duplicity of Doubling in A Tale of Two Cities.” Dickens Studies Annual 12. New York: AMS Press, 1983. 125–45.
Gallagher, Catherine. The Industrial Reformation of English Fiction: Social Discourse and Narrative Form, 1832–1867. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.
Gallagher, Catherine. Nobody's Story: The Vanishing Acts of Women Writers in the Marketplace, 1670–1820. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.
Garbit, Frederick J.The Phonograph and its Inventor, Thomas Alvah Edison. Boston: Gunn, Bliss & Co., 1878.
Gaskell, Elizabeth. Mary Barton: A Tale of Manchester Life. Ed. Gill, Stephen. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1970.
Gaskell, Elizabeth.The Letters of Mrs. Gaskell. Ed. Chapple, J. A. V. and Pollard, Arthur. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967.
Gaskell, Elizabeth.The Life of Charlotte Brontë. Ed. Shelston, Alan. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1975.
Gaskell, Elizabeth.North and South. Ed. Ingham, Patricia. London: Penguin, 1995.
Gaylin, Ann. Eavesdropping in the Novel from Austen to Proust. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Gelatt, Roland. The Fabulous Phonograph: From Edison to Stereo. New York: Appleton-Century, 1966.
Gilbert, Sandra M., and Gubar, Susan. The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.
Gilmartin, Kevin. Print Politics: The Press and Radical Opposition in Early Nineteenth-Century England. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Gitelman, Lisa. Scripts, Grooves, and Writing Machines: Representing Technology in the Edison Era. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Greenblatt, Stephen. Shakespearean Negotiations: The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
Griffiths, Eric. The Printed Voice of Victorian Poetry. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.
Grossman, Jonathan H.The Art of Alibi: English Law Courts and the Novel. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.
Gurney, Thomas. Brachygraphy, or An Easy and Compendious System of Short-hand. Improved by Joseph Gurney, and now Practiced by William Brodie Gurney. Fifteenth edition. London: Butterworth & Son, 1825.
Gurney, Thomas. Gurney's Easy and Compendious System of Shorthand; Adapted to the Arts and Sciences, and To the Learned Professions. Improved by Thomas Sargeant. Second American Edition. June 17, 1799. Printed for Matthew Carey, Philadelphia, by W. R. Dickson, Lancaster.
Habermas, Jürgen. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society. Trans. Thomas Burger with the assistance of Frederick Lawrence. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989.
Hadley, Elaine. Melodramatic Tactics: Theatricalized Dissent in the English Marketplace, 1800–1885. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995.
Hair, Donald S.Robert Browning's Language. Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1999.
Hale, Dorothy J.Social Formalism: The Novel in Theory from Henry James to the Present. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.
Harman, Barbara Leah. “In Promiscuous Company: Female Public Appearance in Elizabeth Gaskell's North and South.” Victorian Studies 31 (3) (Spring 1988): 351–74.
Haweis, H. R.“Robert Browning's Voice.” Letter. The Times, December 13, 1890: 10.
Hewitt, Martin. “Radicalism and the Victorian Working Class: The Case of Samuel Bamford.” The Historical Journal 34 (4) (1991): 873–92.
Humphreys, Henry Noel. The Origin and Progress of the Art of Writing: A Connected Narrative of the Development of the Art in Its Primeval Phases in Egypt, China, and Mexico … and Its Subsequent Progress to the Present Day [1853]. London: Day and Son, 1855.
Huyssen, Andreas. “Mass Culture as Woman: Modernism's Other.” In Studies in Entertainment: Critical Approaches to Mass Culture. Ed. Modleski, Tania. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986. 188–207.
Irvine, William and Honan, Park. The Book, the Ring, and the Poet: A Biography of Robert Browning. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974.
Isenberg, Noah. “The Work of Walter Benjamin in the Age of Information.” New German Critique 83 (Spring–Summer 2001): 119–50.
Jack, Ian. Browning's Major Poetry. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973.
Jakobson, Roman.“Two Aspects of Language and Two Types of Aphasic Disturbances.” In Language in Literature. Ed. Pomorska, Krystyna and Rudy, Stephen. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press / Belknap, 1987. 95–119.
James, Louis. Fiction for the Working Man, 1830–1850: A Study of the Literature Produced for the Working Classes in Early Victorian Urban England. London and New York, Oxford University Press, 1963.
Jameson, Fredric. Marxism and Form: Twentieth-Century Dialectical Theories of Literature. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971.
Jameson, Fredric. The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981.
Janowitz, Anne. “Class and Literature: the Case of Romantic Chartism.” In Rethinking Class: Literary Studies and Social Formations. Ed. Dimock, Wai Chee and Gilmore, Michael T.. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994. 239–66.
Johnson, Edgar. Dickens, His Tragedy and Triumph. Boston: Little, Brown, 1965.
Johnson, James H.Listening in Paris: A Cultural History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
Johnson, Samuel. “Preface to A Dictionary of the English Language.” InSelected Poetry and Prose. Ed. Brady, Frank and Wimsatt, W. K.. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977. 277–98.
Jones, Gareth Stedman. “Rethinking Chartism.” In Language of Class: Studies in English Working Class History 1832–1982. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. 90–178.
Joyce, James. Ulysses. New York: Vintage, 1961.
Kahane, Claire. Passions of the Voice: Hysteria, Narrative, and the Figure of the Speaking Woman, 1850–1915. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995.
Kaplan, Carla. “Girl Talk: Jane Eyre and the Romance of Women's Narration.” Novel 30 (1) (Fall 1996): 5–31.
Kaplan, Fred. Charles Dickens: A Biography. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1988.
Keach, William. Arbitrary Power: Romanticism, Language, Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004.
Kent, Charles. Charles Dickens as a Reader. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1872.
Kernan, Alvin. Printing Technology, Letters, and Samuel Johnson. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987.
Kittler, Friedrich A.Discourse Networks 1800/1900. Trans. Michael Metteer with Chris Cullens. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.
Kittler, Friedrich A.“Gramophone, Film, Typewriter.” In Literature, Media, Information Systems. Amsterdam: OPA, 1997. 31–49.
Klancher, Jon P.The Making of English Reading Audiences, 1790–1832. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.
Knoepflmacher, U. C. “Projection and the Female Other: Romanticism, Browning, and the Victorian Dramatic Monologue.” In Critical Essays on Robert Browning. Ed. Gibson, Mary Ellis. New York: G. K. Hall & Co., 1992. 100–19.
Koestenbaum, Wayne. The Queen's Throat: Opera, Homosexuality, and the Mystery of Desire. New York: Vintage, 1993.
Kroll, Richard W. F.The Material Word: Literate Culture in the Restoration and Early Eighteenth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.
Kucich, John. Repression in Victorian Fiction: Charlotte Brontë, George Eliot, and Charles Dickens. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.
Kucich, John. The Power of Lies: Transgression in Victorian Fiction. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.
Laing, Dave. “A Voice Without a Face: Popular Music and the Phonograph in the 1890s.” Popular Music 10 (1) (January 1991): 1–9.
Langbaum, Robert. The Poetry of Experience: The Dramatic Monologue in Modern Literary Tradition. New York: Norton, 1957.
Lawrence, Karen. “The Cypher: Disclosure and Reticence in Villette.” Nineteenth-Century Literature 42 (4) (March 1988): 448–66.
Levy, Anita. “Jane Eyre, the Woman Writer, and the History of Experience.” MLQ 56 (1) (March 1995): 77–95.
Litvac, Joseph. Caught in the Act: Theatricality in the Nineteenth-Century English Novel. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.
Lloyd, David. Anomalous States: Irish Writing and the Post-Colonial Moment. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993.
Locke, John L.The De-Voicing of Society: Why We Don't Talk to Each Other Anymore. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998.
London, Bette. The Appropriated Voice: Narrative Authority in Conrad, Forster, and Woolf. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990.
Looby, Christopher. Voicing America: Language, Literary Form, and the Origins of the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
Lord, Albert Bates. The Singer of Tales. New York: Athenaeum, 1965.
Lyon, John. “Half-Written Tales: Kipling and Conrad.” In Kipling Considered. Ed. Mallet, Phillip. New York: St. Martin's, 1989. 115–34.
Marcus, Sharon.“The Profession of the Author: Abstraction, Advertising, and Jane Eyre.” PMLA 110 (2) (March 1995): 206–19.
Marcus, Sharon. Apartment Stories: City and Home in Nineteenth-Century Paris and London. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
Marcus, Steven. “Language Into Structure: Pickwick Revisited.” In Modern Critical Views: Charles Dickens. Ed. Bloom, Harold. New York: Chelsea House, 1987.
Marsh, Joss. Word Crimes: Blasphemy, Culture, and Literature in Nineteenth-Century England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
Martin, Loy D.Browning's Dramatic Monologues and the Post-Romantic Subject. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985.
Martin, Robert Bernard. Tennyson, the Unquiet Heart. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.
McClintock, Anne. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. New York and London: Routledge, 1995.
McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. New York: Signet, 1964.
Michaelson, Patricia Howell. Speaking Volumes: Women, Reading, and Speech in the Age of Austen. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002.
Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. Ed. Spitz, David. New York: Norton, 1975.
Miller, Andrew H.Novels Behind Glass: Commodity Culture and Victorian Narrative. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Miller, D. A.The Novel and the Police. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
Miller, J. Hillis. “Heart of Darkness Revisited.” In Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness, Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Second Edition. Ed. Murfin, Ross C.. New York: Bedford Books, 1996: 206–20.
Miller-Frank, Felicia. The Mechanical Song: Women, Voice, and the Artificial in Nineteenth-Century French Narrative. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995.
“Mr. Charles Dickens.” The Times. October 7, 1868: 10.
“Mr. Edison's Phonograph.” The Times. June 30, 1888: 5.
Munich, Adrienne. “Browning's Female Signature.” In Critical Essays on Robert Browning. Ed. Gibson, Mary Ellis. New York: G. K. Hall & Co., 1992. 120–38.
Negt, Oskar, and Kluge, Alexander. Public Sphere and Experience: Toward an Analysis of the Bourgeois and Proletarian Public Sphere. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993.
Niles, John D.Homo Narrans: The Poetics and Anthropology of Oral Literature. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.
Ong, Walter J.Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. London and New York: Routledge, 1982.
Pecora, Vincent. “Heart of Darkness and the Phenomenology of Voice.” ELH 52 (4) (Winter 1985): 993–1015.
Peters, Joan D. “Finding a Voice: Towards a Woman's Discourse of Dialogue in the Narration of Jane Eyre.” Studies in the Novel 23 (2) (Summer 1991): 217–36.
Peters, John Durham. Speaking Into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.
Picker, John M. “The Soundproof Study: Victorian Professionals, Work Space, and Urban Noise.” Victorian Studies 42 (3) (Spring 1999/2000): 427–53.
Picker, John M.“The Victorian Aura of the Recorded Voice.” New Literary History 32 (3) (Summer 2001): 769–86.
Picker, John M.Victorian Soundscapes. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Pitman, Sir Isaac. Phonography; or Writing by Sound. Fifth edition London: Samuel Bagster & Sons, 1842.
Plotz, John. The Crowd: British Literature and Public Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
Poovey, Mary. Uneven Developments: The Ideological Work of Gender in Mid-Victorian England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.
Poovey, Mary. Making a Social Body: British Cultural Formation, 1830–1864. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
Pridmore-Brown, Michele. “1939–40: Of Virginia Woolf, Gramophones, and Fascism.” PMLA, 113 (3) (May 1998): 408–21.
Prins, Yopie. “Victorian Meters.” In Bristow, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Victorian Poetry. 89–113.
Prins, Yopie. “Voice Inverse.” Victorian Poetry 42 (1) (Spring 2004): 43–59.
Psomiades, Kathy Alexis. Beauty's Body: Femininity and Representation in British Aestheticism. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997.
Rath, Richard Cullen. How Early America Sounded. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003.
Read, Oliver, and Welch, Walter L.. From Tinfoil to Stereo: Evolution of the Phonograph. Indianapolis: Howard W. Sams, 1976.
“Readings.” The Saturday Review. October 4, 1862: 411–12.
Reed, Brian. “Hart Crane's Victrola.” Modernism and Modernity 7 (1) (January 2000): 99–125.
Richards, Thomas. The Imperial Archive: Knowledge and the Fantasy of Empire. London and New York: Verso, 1993.
Romero, Lora. Home Fronts: Domesticity and its Critics in the Antebellum United States. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997.
Rosaldo, Renato. “Imperialist Nostalgia.” Representations 26 (Spring 1989): 107–22.
Rosmarin, Adena. The Power of Genre. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1985.
Rundle, Vivienne. “‘Will You Let Them Murder Me?’: Guido and the Reader in The Ring and the Book.” Victorian Poetry 27 (3–4) (Autumn–Winter 1989): 99–114.
Ruskin, John. “The Value of Lectures.” In Works of Ruskin. Ed. Cook, E. T. and Wedderburn, Alexander. 39 vols. London: George Allen, 1903–12. xxiv:517.
Said, Edward. “Conrad: The Presentation of Narrative.” Novel 7 (2) (Winter 1974): 116–32.
Said, Edward. The World, the Text, and the Critic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.
Schmidt, Leigh Eric. Hearing Things: Religion, Illusion, and the American Enlightenment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.
Schor, Hilary M.Scheherezade in the Marketplace: Elizabeth Gaskell and the Victorian Novel. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Scott, Bonnie Kime. “The Subversive Mechanics of Woolf's Gramophone in Between the Acts.” In Virginia Woolf in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. Ed. Caughie, Pamela L.. New York: Garland, 2000. 97–113.
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.
Seltzer, Mark. Bodies and Machines. New York: Routledge, 1992.
Shaw, W. David. Origins of the Monologue: The Hidden God. Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1999.
Silver, Brenda R. “The Reflecting Reader in Villette.” In The Voyage In: Fictions of Female Development. Ed. Abel, Elizabeth, Hirsch, Marianne, and Langland, Elizabeth. Hanover: University Press of New England for Dartmouth College, 1983. 90–111.
Simpson, David. “Raymond Williams: Feeling for Structures, Voicing ‘History.’” Social Text 30 (1992): 9–26.
Siskin, Clifford. The Work of Writing: Literature and Social Change in Britain, 1700–1830. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.
Small, Helen. “A Pulse of 124: Charles Dickens and a Pathology of the Mid-Victorian Reading Public.” In The Practice and Representation of Reading in England. Ed. Raven, James, Small, Helen, and Tadmor, Naomi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 263–90.
Smith, Bruce R.The Acoustic World of Early Modern England: Attending to the O-Factor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.
Smith, Mark M.Listening to Nineteenth-Century America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
Smith, Olivia. The Politics of Language, 1791–1819. Oxford and New York: Clarendon Press, 1984.
Sorensen, Janet. The Grammar of Empire in Eighteenth-Century British Writing. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Spacks, Patricia Ann Meyer. Gossip. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. “Can the Subaltern Speak?” In Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Ed. and Introduction by Nelson, Cary and Grossberg, Lawrence. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1988. 271–313.
Sterne, Jonathan. The Audible Past: Cultural Origins of Sound Reproduction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003.
Stewart, Garrett. Reading Voices: Literature and the Phonotext. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.
Stewart, Garrett. Dear Reader: The Conscripted Audience in Nineteenth-Century British Fiction. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Stoker, Bram. Dracula. Ed. Auerbach, Nina and Skal, David J.. New York and London: W. W. Norton and Co., 1997.
Stokes, John. “Rachel's ‘Terrible Beauty’: An Actress Among the Novelists.” ELH 51 (4) (Winter 1984): 771–93.
Stone, Lawrence. “Literacy and Education in England 1640–1900.” Past and Present 42 (February 1969): 69–139.
Suarez, Juan A. “T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land, the Gramophone and the Modernist Discourse Network.” New Literary History 32 (3) (Summer: 2001): 747–68.
Terdiman, Richard. Present Past: Modernity and the Memory Crisis. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993.
“The New Phonograph.” Scientific American 57 (27), December 31, 1887: 415, 422.
“The Phonograph.” Harper's Weekly. March 30, 1878: 249–50.
Thompson, Dorothy. The Chartists: Popular Politics in the Industrial Revolution. New York: Pantheon, 1984.
Thompson, Emily. The Soundscape of Modernity: Architectural Acoustics and the Culture of Listening in America, 1900–1933. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002.
Thompson, E. P.The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Vintage, 1966.
Trumpener, Katie. Bardic Nationalism: The Romantic Novel and the British Empire. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.
Tucker, Herbert. “Dramatic Monologue and the Overhearing of Lyric.” In Critical Essays on Robert Browning. Ed. Gibson, Mary Ellis. New York: G. K. Hall & Co., 1992. 21–36.
Tucker, Herbert. “From Monomania to Monologue: ‘St. Simeon Stylites’ and the Rise of the Victorian Dramatic Monologue.” Victorian Poetry 22 (2) (Summer 1984): 121–37.
Uglow, Jenny. Elizabeth Gaskell: A Habit of Stories. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1993.
Valenze, Deborah M.Prophetic Sons and Daughters: Female Preaching and Popular Religion in Industrial England. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.
Ghent, Dorothy. “The Dickens World: A View From Todgers's.” Sewanee Review 58 (3) (Summer 1950): 419–38.
Veeser, H. Aram, ed. Confessions of the Critics. New York: Routledge, 1996.
Vicinus, Martha. The Industrial Muse: A Study of Nineteenth Century British Working-Class Literature. London: Croom Helm, 1974.
Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Auguste. Tomorrow's Eve. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982.
Vincent, David. Literacy and Popular Culture: England 1750–1914. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Vlock, Deborah. Dickens, Novel Reading, and the Victorian Popular Theatre. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Wachhorst, Wyn. Thomas Alva Edison, An American Myth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1981.
Wahrman, Dror. “Public Opinion, Violence, and the Limits of Constitutional Politics.” In Re-reading the Constitution: New Narratives in the Political History of England's Long Nineteenth Century. Ed. Vernon, James. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. 83–122.
Walker, William. “Pompilia and Pompilia.” Victorian Poetry 22 (1) (Spring 1984): 47–63.
Warhol, Robyn R.Gendered Interventions: Narrative Discourse in the Victorian Novel. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1989.
Warner, Michael. “The Mass Public and the Mass Subject.” In Calhoun, ed., Habermas. 377–401.
Warner, William. “Formulating Fiction: Romancing the General Reader in Early Modern Britain.” In Cultural Institutions of the Novel. Ed. Lynch, Deidre and Warner, William B.. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 1996. 279–305.
Watt, Ian. Conrad in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.
Weiss, Allen S.Breathless: Sound Recording, Disembodiment, and the Transformation of Lyrical Nostalgia. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 2002.
Welsh, Alexander. From Copyright to Copperfield: The Identity of Dickens. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.
“What Will Come of the Phonograph?” The [London] Spectator, June 30, 1888: 881.
White, Allon. The Uses of Obscurity: The Fiction of Early Modernism. London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1981.
Wicke, Jennifer. “Vampiric Typewriting: Dracula and its Media.” ELH 59 (2) [Summer 1992]: 467–93.
Williams, Raymond. The Country and the City. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973.
Williams, Raymond. The English Novel From Dickens to Lawrence. London: The Hogarth Press, 1984.
Williams, Raymond. Writing in Society. London: Verso, n.d. [1983].
Woloch, Alex. The One vs. the Many: Minor Characters and the Space of the Protagonist in the Novel. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003.
Woolf, Virginia. Between the Acts. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1941.
Yeazell, Ruth Bernard. “Why Political Novels Have Heroines: Sybil, Mary Barton, and Felix Holt.” Novel 18 (2) (Winter 1985): 126–44.
Yeo, Eileen. “Some Practices and Problems of Chartist Democracy.” In The Chartist Experience: Studies in Working-Class Radicalism and Culture, 1830–60. Ed. Epstein, James and Thompson, Dorothy. London: Macmillan, 1982. 345–80.
