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6 - Does Stress Damage the Brain?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2009

By
J. Douglas Bremner
Edited by
Laurence J. Kirmayer ,
Robert Lemelson  and
Mark Barad
J. Douglas Bremner
Affiliation:
Director Emory Center for Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Atlanta, GA
Laurence J. Kirmayer
Affiliation:
McGill University, Montréal
Robert Lemelson
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles
Mark Barad
Affiliation:
University of California, Los Angeles
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

In 1980 the American Psychiatric Association (APA) classified posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a psychiatric disorder for the first time, and listed criteria for inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual III (Saigh & Bremner, 1999). This is often hailed in the field of psychiatry as a historic time point, when it was first recognized that psychological trauma, that is, things that happen to you when there is no physical injury, can cause changes in your brain and physiological responding. This version of history, enthusiastically passed along as an oral tradition by clinicians and researchers who specialize in PTSD, with no discussion of the history of stress before 1980 or anywhere outside of the United States, is not entirely correct. As discussed elsewhere in this volume, there is a longer history of medical approaches to psychological trauma that stretches back 200 hundred years and includes Europe as well as the United States.

In 1988, the U.S. government allocated funding for research and treatment of PTSD in Vietnam veterans. This was in response to political pressure from Vietnam veterans and led to the establishment of the National Center for PTSD in 1988. The concentration of resources and expertise gave a boost to research in the field of PTSD. At that time, there was no general consensus in American culture that traumatic stress led to real psychiatric disorders. Clinical practices reflected this view.

Type
Chapter
Information
Understanding Trauma
Integrating Biological, Clinical, and Cultural Perspectives
 , pp. 118 - 141
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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