Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: Science for Conservation and Management

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511778384

This volume represents a uniquely comprehensive overview of our current knowledge on tropical montane cloud forests. 72 chapters cover a wide spectrum of topics including cloud forest distribution, climate, soils, biodiversity, hydrological processes, hydrochemistry and water quality, climate change impacts, and cloud forest conservation, management, and restoration. The final chapter presents a major synthesis by some of the world's leading cloud forest researchers, which summarizes our current knowledge and considers the sustainability of these forests in an ever-changing world. This book presents state-of-the-art knowledge concerning cloud forest occurrence and status, as well as the biological and hydrological value of these unique forests. The presentation is academic but with a firm practical emphasis. It will serve as a core reference for academic researchers and students of environmental science and ecology, as well as practitioners (natural resources management, forest conservation) and decision makers at local, national, and international levels.

‘The editors and authors have done a tremendous job in assembling a comprehensive volume on the past and present of the biological diversity, hydrology, conservation and sustainable management of the Tropics' montane cloud forests. This book provides us with a wealth of knowledge that underscores the urgency to save the world's tropical highland cloud forests.'

Maarten Kappelle - University of Tennessee, Knoxville and Lead Scientist, Nature Conservancy Science Program, Latin America

‘This book contains the most up-to-date synthesis of the scientific understanding of tropical montane cloud forests. It is global and long-term in scope and is authored by the top scientific minds working on the subject. It will be essential reading for those interested in a holistic understanding of an ecosystem type at the cross hairs of climate and global environmental change.'

Ariel E. Lugo - Director of the Institute of Tropical Forestry, Puerto Rico - US Department of Agriculture

‘Representing a compilation of the currently available scientific knowledge by the most important cloud forest specialists of the world, this book provides conservationists and forest managers all the arguments and tools to convince policy-makers they should protect these forests. Use it!'

Willem Ferwerda - Director of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), National Committee of The Netherlands

'This is an incredibly rich assemblage of work by leaders in an important field, and deserves to be on the shelves of all libraries of natural resource institutions … It is also an exceptionally good launch pad for all further work on cloud forests that remains to be done … I am very glad I shall have this book to hand as I attempt to conserve my forest for the future.'

Jeff Sayer Source: International Forestry Review

'… attractively designed … offers a presentation of copious themes and a vast collection of references, and thus should be considered an important source for experts to enlarge their knowledge of TMCF ecosystems.'

Source: Frontiers of Biogeography

'… this book provides a valuable platform on which to base future research, and certainly no one active in cloud forest research can afford to be without a copy.'

Adrian Newton Source: Mountain Research and Development

'… an extraordinary compilation of individual studies that will be of value to all working on this precious ecosystem … many contributions provide extensive lists of references …'

David L. Hawksworth Source: Biodiversity and Conservation

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Page 2 of 3

Contents

22 - Quantitative measures of immersion in cloud and the biogeography of cloud forests
pp 217-227
- By R. O. Lawton, University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA, U. S. Nair, University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA, D. Ray, Purdue University, USA, A. Regmi, Purdue University, USA, J. A. Pounds, Tropical Science Center, Costa Rica, R. M. Welch, University of Alabama in Huntsville, USA
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23 - Understanding the role of fog in forest hydrology: stable isotopes as tools for determining input and partitioning of cloud water in montane forests
pp 228-241
- By M. Scholl, US Geological Survey, USA, W. Eugster, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, Switzerland, R. Burkard, University of Bern, Switzerland
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24 - Using stable isotopes to identify orographic precipitation events at Monteverde, Costa Rica
pp 242-248
- By A. L. Rhodes, Smith College, USA, A. J. Guswa, Smith College, USA, S. E. Newell, Smith College, USA
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25 - Using “biosensors” to elucidate rates and mechanisms of cloud water interception by epiphytes, leaves, and branches in a sheltered Colombian cloud forest
pp 249-260
- By M. Mulligan, King's College London, UK, A. Jarvis, International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, Colombia, J. González, King's College London, UK, L.A. Bruijnzeel, VU University, the Netherlands
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26 - Water dynamics of epiphytic vegetation in a lower montane cloud forest: fog interception, storage, and evaporation
pp 261-267
- By C. Tobón, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia, L. Köhler, University of Göttingen, Germany, K. F. A. Frumau, VU University, the Netherlands, L. A. Bruijnzeel, VU University, the Netherlands, R. Burkard, University of Bern, Switzerland, S. Schmid, University of Bern, Switzerland
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27 - Epiphyte biomass in Costa Rican old-growth and secondary montane rain forests and its hydrological significance
pp 268-274
- By L. Köhler, University of Göttingen, Germany, D. Hölscher, University of Göttingen, Germany, L. A. Bruijnzeel, VU University, the Netherlands, C. Leuschner, University of Göttingen, Germany
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28 - Comparison of passive fog gages for determining fog duration and fog interception by a Puerto Rican elfin cloud forest
pp 275-281
- By F. Holwerda, VU University, Netherlands, L. A. Bruijnzeel, VU University, the Netherlands, F.N. Scatena, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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29 - Fog interception in a Puerto Rican elfin cloud forest: a wet-canopy water budget approach
pp 282-292
- By F. Holwerda, VU University, Netherlands, L. A. Bruijnzeel, VU University, the Netherlands, A. L. Oord, VU University, Netherlands, F.N. Scatena, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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30 - Fog gage performance under conditions of fog and wind-driven rain
pp 293-301
- By K. F. A. Frumau, VU University, Netherlands, R. Burkard, University of Bern, Switzerland, S. Schmid, University of Bern, Switzerland, L.A. Bruijnzeel, VU University, Netherlands, C. Tobón, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia, J. C. Calvo-Alvarado, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Costa Rica
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31 - The wet-canopy water balance of a Costa Rican cloud forest during the dry season
pp 302-308
- By S. Schmid, University of Bern, Switzerland, R. Burkard, University of Bern, Switzerland, K. F. A. Frumau, VU University, Netherlands, C. Tobón, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia, L.A. Bruijnzeel, VU University, Netherlands, R. Siegwolf, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, W. Eugster, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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32 - Measured and modeled rainfall interception in a lower montane forest, Ecuador
pp 309-316
- By K. Fleischbein, University of Giessen, Germany, W. Wilcke, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany, R. Goller, University of Bayreuth, Germany, C. Valarezo, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Ecuador, W. Zech, University of Bayreuth, Germany, K. Knoblich, University of Giessen, Germany
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33 - Measuring cloud water interception in the Tambito forests of southern Colombia
pp 317-323
- By J. González, King's College London, UK
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34 - Relationships between rainfall, fog, and throughfall at a hill evergreen forest site in northern Thailand
pp 324-331
- By N. Tanaka, The University of Tokyo, Japan, K. Kuraji, The University of Tokyo, Japan, C. Tantasirin, Kasetsart University, Thailand, H. Takizawa, Nihon University, Japan, N. Tangtham, Kasetsart University, Thailand, M. Suzuki, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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35 - History of fog and cloud water interception research in Hawai'i
pp 332-341
- By J. K. DeLay, University of Hawai'i, USA, T. W. Giambelluca, University of Hawai'i, USA
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36 - Interpreting canopy water balance and fog screen observations: separating cloud water from wind-blown rainfall at two contrasting forest sites in Hawai'i
pp 342-351
- By T. W. Giambelluca, University of Hawai'i, USA, J. K. DeLay, University of Hawai'i, USA, M. A. Nullet, University of Hawai'i, USA, M. Scholl, U.S. Geological Survey, USA, S. B. Gingerich, U.S. Geological Survey, USA
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37 - Historical background of fog water collection studies in the Canary Islands
pp 352-358
- By M. V. Marzol-Jaén, University of La Laguna, Spain
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38 - Effects of fog on climatic conditions at a sub-tropical montane cloud forest site in northern Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain)
pp 359-364
- By M. V. Marzol-Jaén, University of La Laguna, Spain, J. Sànchez-Megía, National Meteorological Institute, Spain, G. García-Santos, VU University, Netherlands
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Part IV - Nutrient dynamics in tropical montane cloud forests
pp 365-366
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39 - Spatial and temporal dynamics of atmospheric water and nutrient inputs in tropical mountain forests of southern Ecuador
pp 367-377
- By R. Rollenbeck, University of Marburg, Germany, J. Bendix, University of Marburg, Germany, P. Fabian, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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40 - Fog deposition and chemistry in a sub-tropical montane cloud forest in Taiwan
pp 378-386
- By S. C. Chang, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan, C. F. Yeh, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan, M. J. Wu, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan, Y. T. Chen, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan, Y. J. Hsia, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan, C. P. Wang, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taiwan, J. T. Wu, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
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41 - Fog and rain water chemistry in the seasonal tropical rain forest of Xishuangbanna, south-west China
pp 387-392
- By W. J. Liu, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, H. M. Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Y. P. Zhang, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, C. M. Wang, Southwest Forestry College, China, F. R. Meng, University of New Brunswick, Canada
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42 - Spatial heterogeneity of throughfall quantity and quality in tropical montane forests in southern Ecuador
pp 393-401
- By M. Oesker, University of Hohenheim, Germany, J. Homeier, University of Göttingen, Germany, H. Dalitz, University of Hohenheim, Germany, L.A. Bruijnzeel, VU University, Netherlands
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43 - Effect of topography on soil fertility and water flow in an Ecuadorian lower montane forest
pp 402-409
- By W. Wilcke, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany, J. Boy, Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany, R. Goller, University of Bayreuth, Germany, K. Fleischbein, University of Potsdam, Germany, C. Valarezo, Universidad Nacional de Loja, Ecuador, W. Zech, University of Bayreuth, Germany
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44 - Human impacts on stream-water chemistry in a tropical montane cloud forest watershed, Monteverde, Costa Rica
pp 410-417
- By A. L. Rhodes, Smith College, USA, A. J. Guswa, Smith College, USA, S. Dallas, Monteverde Institute, Costa Rica, E. M. Kim, Smith College, USA, S. Katchpole, Smith College, USA, A. Pufall, Smith College, USA
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45 - Is there evidence for limitations to nitrogen mineralization in upper montane tropical forests?
pp 418-427
- By W. L. Silver, University of California, USA, A. W. Thompson, University of California, USA, D. J. Herman, University of California, USA, M. K. Firestone, University of California, USA
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46 - Fine root mass and fine root production in tropical moist forests as dependent on soil, climate, and elevation
pp 428-444
- By D. Hertel, University of Göttingen, Germany, Ch. Leuschner, University of Göttingen, Germany
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Part V - Cloud forest water use, photosynthesis, and effects of forest conversion
pp 445-446
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47 - Transpiration and microclimate of a tropical montane rain forest, southern Ecuador
pp 447-455
- By T. Motzer, University of Mannheim, Germany, N. Munz, University of Mannheim, Germany, D. Anhuf, University of Passau, Germany, M. Küppers, University of Hohenheim, Germany
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48 - Physiological variation in Hawaiian Metrosideros polymorpha across a range of habitats: from dry forests to cloud forests
pp 456-464
- By L. S. Santiago, University of California, USA, T. J. Jones, University of Miami, USA, G. Goldstein, University of Miami, USA
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49 - Environmental controls on photosynthetic rates of lower montane cloud forest vegetation in south-western Colombia
pp 465-478
- By M. G. Letts, University of Lethbridge, Canada, M. Mulligan, King's College London, UK, M. E. Rincón-Romero, Universidad del Valle, Colombia, L.A. Bruijnzeel, VU University, Netherlands
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Page 2 of 3

Tropical Montane Cloud Forests

Science for Conservation and Management

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