Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Figures
- Abbreviations Used in the Notes
- Preface
- 1 A Far Promontory
- 2 Varieties of European Experience, I
- 3 Varieties of European Experience, II
- 4 Creating Japan
- 5 Integration Under Expanding Inner Asian Influence, I
- 6 Integration Under Expanding Inner Asian Influence, II
- 7 Locating the Islands
- Conclusion
- Index
- References
7 - Locating the Islands
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 June 2012
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of Figures
- Abbreviations Used in the Notes
- Preface
- 1 A Far Promontory
- 2 Varieties of European Experience, I
- 3 Varieties of European Experience, II
- 4 Creating Japan
- 5 Integration Under Expanding Inner Asian Influence, I
- 6 Integration Under Expanding Inner Asian Influence, II
- 7 Locating the Islands
- Conclusion
- Index
- References
Summary
OVERVIEW: THE RELATION OF MARITIME TO MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA
As a historian of mainland Southeast Asia, I began this project in order to compare my region to other sectors of Eurasia. Having considered protected-zone realms and parts of the exposed zone, in this, the final chapter, I return to Southeast Asia to examine its island, or maritime, component. By some yardsticks, mainland and maritime Southeast Asia together constituted a reasonably coherent, distinctive sphere. But while cultural commonalities endured, after 1511 political trends began gradually to assimilate the island world, hitherto part of Eurasia's protected zone, to exposed-zone status. The mainland, by contrast, remained sheltered for another 300 to 350 years, with all that implied for indigenous agency and political continuity. As a region that completes our inquiry into Southeast Asia and bridges both of our main analytical categories, the archipelago, then, seems a particularly fitting area with which to conclude.
Consider first cultural and social parallels between mainland and islands. Compared to Europe, China, or India, all of Southeast Asia is fragmented, whether by mountains, jungle, or seas; and stretches of fertile land are modest. Ecological heterogeneity and poor communications ensured that linguistic variety was pronounced and ethnicity was relatively local. Moreover, whether because of limited arable, high mortality, weak immigration, or chronic warfare, population densities in the region at large in 1600 may have averaged only a sixth or seventh those of South Asia and China.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Strange ParallelsSoutheast Asia in Global Context, c.800–1830, pp. 763 - 894Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2009
References
, History, Culture, and Region in Southeast Asian Perspectives (rev. ed., Ithaca, 1999), 18–19, 93–95Google Scholar
et al., eds., From the Mediterranean to the China Sea (Wiesbaden, 1998), 21–43
, “Negeri,” in , ed., A Comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures (Copenhagen, 2000), 417–29Google Scholar
, “Population and the Means of Subsistence,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 36 (2005): 337–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Asian Trade and European Influence in the Indonesian Archipelago Between 1500 and About 1630 (The Hague, 1962), 1–12Google Scholar
, “The Classical Cultures of Indonesia,” in and , eds., Southeast Asia from Prehistory to History (London, 2004), 234–56Google Scholar
, “State Formation in Early Maritime Southeast Asia,” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 151 (1995): 235–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Trading Ships of the South China Sea,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 36 (1993): 253–80Google Scholar
, “The Southeast Asian Ship,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 11 (1980): 266–76CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Early Civilizations of the Old World (London, 1999), 216, 222, 237–38, 252–56, 311–13Google Scholar
, “Indian Colonies, Indianization or Cultural Convergence?,” in , ed., Onderzoek in Zuidoost-Azie (Leiden, 1990), 8–32Google Scholar
, “The Early and the Imperial Kingdom in Southeast Asian History,” in and , eds., Southeast Asia in the 9th to 14th Centuries (Singapore, 1986), 1–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Khmer ‘Hinduism’ in the Seventh Century,” in and , eds., Early South East Asia (Oxford, 1979), 427–42Google Scholar
and , Sriwijaya: History, Religion and Language of an Early Malay Polity, , ed. (Kuala Lumpur, 1992)Google Scholar
, A Study of the Arabic Texts Containing Material on South-East Asia (Leiden, 1979), 43–60, 100–28Google Scholar
, ed. and tr., Relations de Voyages et Textes Geographiques Arabes, Persans et Turks Relatifs a l'Extreme-Orient du VIII au XVIII Siecles, 2 vols. (Paris, 1913–1914), vol. I, 22–30, 64–66, 78–100
, Prosperity, Region, and Institutions in Maritime China (Cambridge, MA, 2000), 220–26Google Scholar
, “Dissolving Hegemony or Changing Trade Pattern?,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 29 (1998): 295–309CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Final Report: Consultative Workshop on Archaeological and Environmental Studies on Srivijaya (Bangkok, 1985)Google Scholar
, “Le programme de fouilles sur les sites de Sriwijaya,” Bulletin de l'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient 79 (1992): 272–77CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Palembang and Sriwijaya,” Journal of the Malay Branch, Royal Asiatic Society 66 (1993): 23–46Google Scholar
, “‘Kaduatan Srivijaya’ – Empire or Kraton of Srivijaya?,” Bulletin de l'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient 80 (1993): 159–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Arab and Chinese Navigators in Malaysian Waters in about A.D. 1500,” Journal of the Malay Branch, Royal Asiatic Society 47 (1974): 7–8Google Scholar
, “The Kingdom of Srivijaya as Socio-Political and Cultural Entity,” in and , eds., The Southeast Asian Port and Polity (Singapore, 1990), 61–82Google Scholar
, “The Medieval Tamil-Language Inscriptions in Southeast Asia and China,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 29 (1998): 239–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Rivalry and Competition in the Bay of Bengal in the 11th Century and Its Bearing on Indian Ocean Studies,” in and , eds., Commerce and Culture in the Bay of Bengal, 1500–1800 (New Delhi, 1999), 17–35Google Scholar
, “A Note on the Capital of Srivijaya During the Eleventh Century,” Essays Offered to G. H. Luce, Artibus Asiae, vol. I (1966): 225–39Google Scholar
, “The Search for the ‘Origins’ of Melayu,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 32 (2001): 315–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Archaeology, Ceramics, and Coins,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 39 (1996): 287–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Traditional Sumatran Trade,” Bulletin de l'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient 74 (1985): 423–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, ed., The Suma Oriental of Tome Pires and the Book of Francisco Rodrigues, 2 vols. (London, 1944), vol. I, 158
, “Understanding Melayu (Malay) as a Source of Diverse Modern Identities,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 32 (2001): 295–313CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
, “Javanese Markets and the Asian Sea Trade Boom of the 10th to 13th Centuries,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 41 (1998): 344–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The Amorphous Nature of Coastal Polities in Insular Southeast Asia,” Moussons 5 (2002): 73–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , The Economic and Administrative History of Early Indonesia (Leiden, 1977), 24–25Google Scholar
, “Revisiting Early Mataram,” in and , eds., Fruits of Inspiration (Groningen, 2001), 33Google Scholar
, ed., The Sculptures of Indonesia (Washington, DC, 1990), 70
and , Jr., eds., Barabudur (Berkeley, 1981)
, “Texts and Textiles in ‘Medieval’ Java,” Bulletin de l'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient 80 (1993): 181–211CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Raja and Rama,” in , ed., Centers, Symbols, and Hierarchies (New Haven, 1983), 9–10Google Scholar
, “From Riches to Rags?,” in and , eds., A History of Natural Resources in Asia (New York, 2007), 188–90Google Scholar
, “Money and Its Uses in the Javanese States of the Ninth to Fifteenth Centuries,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 39 (1996): 243–86CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Asian Sea Trade Between the 10th and 13th Centuries and Its Impact on the States of Java and Bali,” in , ed., Archaeology of Seafaring (Delhi, 1999), 221–70Google Scholar
, “The Political Significance of Religious Wealth in Burmese History: Some Further Thoughts,” Journal of Asian Studies 39 (1980): 753–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Flows and Seepages in the Long-Term Chinese Interaction with Southeast Asia,” in , ed., Sojourners and Settlers (St. Leonards, Australia, 1996), 17–21Google Scholar
The Legacy of Majapahit (Singapore, 1995), 7–8
, “Majapahit in the Fifteenth Century,” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 134 (1978): 208CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Transcendentalist Intransigence,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 49 (2007): 358–83CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Six Centuries of Islamization in Java,” in , ed., Conversion to Islam (New York, 1979), 100–28Google Scholar
, “Old Javanese Studies,” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 157 (2001): 3–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Weaving and Dyeing in Early Java and Bali,” in and , eds., Southeast Asian Archaeology 1998 (Hull, 1999), 17–27Google Scholar
, “Majapahit Pisis,” Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 151 (1995): 357–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Export Commodity and Regional Currency,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 37 (2006): 179–204CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Labor Productivity and Agricultural Development: Boserup Revisited,” Human Ecology 28 (2000): 251–77CrossRefGoogle Scholar
et al., “Effects of Interannual Climate Variability and Climate Change on Rice Yield in Java, Indonesia,” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 2 (1996): 29–39Google Scholar
, “Crisis Mortality in 17th-Century Indonesia,” in et al., eds., Asian Population History (Oxford, 2001), 191–220Google Scholar
et al., “The Effect of Indian Ocean Warming on the Indian Monsoon,” Mausam I52 (2001): 151–62Google Scholar
, “El Nino Timings and Rainfall Extremes in India, Southeast Asia and China,” Intl. Jl. of Climatology 19 (1999): 653–723.0.CO;2-C>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The Unity of Southeast Asia,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 28 (1997): 167CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Unravelling Minangkabau Ethnicity,” in and , eds., Shifting Communities and Identity Formation in Early Modern Asia (Leiden, 2003), 117–38Google Scholar
, “Ming China and Southeast Asia in the 15th Century,” in , ed., Southeast Asia in the 15th Century (Singapore, forthcoming)
, “Local and International Trade and Traders in the Straits of Melaka Region: 600–1500,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 47 (2004): 213–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “From Quanzhou to the Sulu Zone and Beyond,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 29 (1998): 269–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “A New Interpretation of the ‘East-West Division of Java’ in the Late 14th Century,” Acta Asiatica 92 (2007): 31–52Google Scholar
, “Cheng Ho's Voyages and the Distribution of Pepper in China,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 1981: 186–97Google Scholar
, “The First Chinese Diaspora in Southeast Asia in the 15th Century,” in and , eds., Emporia, Commodities and Entrepreneurs in Asian Maritime Trade, c. 1400–1750 (Stuttgart, 1991), 13–28Google Scholar
, “Chinese and Malay Identities in Southeast Asia,” Academic Sinica Program for Southeast Asian Studies, Research Paper No. 34 (Taipei, 2000)Google Scholar
, “The Vanishing Jong,” in , ed., Southeast Asia in the Early Modern Era (Ithaca, 1993), 197–213Google Scholar
, “The Volume of European Spice Exports at the Beginning and End of the 15th Century,” Journal of European Economic History 15 (1986): 621–35Google Scholar
“The Changing Pattern of Europe's Pepper and Spice Imports, ca 1400–1700,” Journal of European Economic History 8 (1979): 361–403
, A Social and Economic History of the Near East in the Middle Ages (Berkeley, 1976), 325–28Google Scholar
, “China and the Trade in Cloves, circa 960–1435,” Journal of the American Oriental Society 113 (1993): 1–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The Structure of Cities in Southeast Asia: 15th to 17th Centuries,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 11 (1980): 235–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Exchange at the Upstream and Downstream Ends,” in , ed., Economic Exchange and Social Interaction in Southeast Asia (Ann Arbor, 1977), 39–52Google Scholar
, “Upstreams and Downstreams in Early Modern Sumatra,” The Historian 57 (1995): 537–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The Travels of Marco Polo (New York, n.d.), 272–80
, “The Amorphous Nature of Coastal Polities in Insular Southeast Asia,” Moussons 5 (2002): 73–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Forces of Regional and State Integration in the Western Archipelago, c. 1500–1700,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 18 (1987): 41–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Malaka et ses communautes marchandes au tournant du 16e siecle,” in and , eds., Marchands et Hommes d'Affaires Asiatiques (Paris, 1988), 31–48Google Scholar
, “History, Headhunting, and Gender in Monsoon Asia,” South East Asia Research 12 (2004): 13–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Trade and Society in the Banda Islands in the Sixteenth Century,” Modern Asian Studies 15 (1981): 723–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, ed., Slavery, Bondage and Dependency in Southeast Asia (New York, 1983), 1–43, 156–215
“‘A Very Good-Natured but Awe-Inspiring Government’: The Reign of a Successful Queen in 17th-Century Aceh,” in and , eds., Hof en Handel: Aziatische Machthebbers en de VOC (Leiden, 2004), 59–84
, ed., The Making of an Islamic Political Discourse in Southeast Asia (Clayton, 1993), 83–107
, “Sufism as a Category in Indonesian Literature and History,” Journal of Southeast Asian History 2 (1961): 10–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “From Coastal Settlement to Islamic School and City,” Hammdad Islamicus 4 (1981): 3–28Google Scholar
, “A Change in the Forest,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 24 (1993): 1–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “A Reconstruction of Orang Asli and Melayu Relations on the Malay Peninsula prior to the 19th Century,” in and , eds., Arung Samudera (Depok, 2001), 391–415Google Scholar
, “World Bullion Flows, 1450–1800,” in , ed., The Rise of Merchant Empires (Cambridge, 1990), 224–54CrossRefGoogle Scholar
with , eds., An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 2 vols. (Cambridge, 1994), vol. I, 25–41, 214–16, 325–55, and vol. II, 433–526
, “India and the Indian Ocean in the 16th Century,” in and , eds., India and the Indian Ocean 1500–1800 (Calcutta, 1987), 71–93Google Scholar
, “The Rise and Fall of Dutch Taiwan,” Journal of World History 17 (2006): 429–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Jr., “Maritime Asia, 1500–1800,” American Historical Review 98 (1993): 83–105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Merchants and States,” in , ed., The Political Economy of Merchant Empires (Cambridge, 1991), 41–116CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Political Configurations and Local Powers,” in and , eds., Portuguese Oceanic Expansion, 1400–1800 (Cambridge, 2007), 224–25Google Scholar
, “Imperialism and Colonialism in Comparative Perspective,” International History Review, 20 (1998): 371–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “State Formation and Periodization in Inner Asian History,” Journal of World History 10 (1999): 1–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , eds., History of the Low Countries (New York, 2006), 23–140
, Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History (Quezon City, 1984)Google Scholar
, “Old World Diseases in the Early Colonial Philippines and Spanish America,” in and , eds., Population and History (Madison, WI, 1998), 17–36. esp. 20 and 34 n. 31Google Scholar
, Shamanism, Catholicism and Gender Relations in Colonial Philippines, 1521–1685 (Aldershot, UK, 2004), 74, 152Google Scholar
, “Philippine History Reconsidered,” American Historical Review 87 (1982): 604–606CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “From Animist ‘Priestess’ to Catholic Priest,” in , ed., Other Pasts (Honolulu, 2000), 69–86Google Scholar
, “The Rise of Maize as a Major Crop Plant in the Philippines,” Jl. of Historical Geography 1 (1975): 1–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Conflict, Justice, and the Stranger-King Roots of Colonial Rule in Indonesia and Elsewhere,” Modern Asian Studies 38 (2004): 85–144CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “On the Possible Cham Origins of the Philippine Scripts,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 24 (1993): 44–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “‘Profits Sprout Like Tropical Plants,’” Journal of Global History 3 (2008): 389–418Google Scholar
, “The Rise and Fall of Sino-Javanese Shipping,” in et al., eds., Looking in Odd Mirrors (Leiden, 1992), 177–211Google Scholar
, “Shipping and Trade in Java, c. 1775,” Modern Asian Studies 32 (1999): 405–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
and , “The Origins and Rhythm of Dutch Aggression Against the Estado da India 1601–1661,” in , ed., Indo-Portuguese Trade (New Delhi, 1985), 73–83Google Scholar
, “Trading States, Trading Places,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 36 (1994): 319–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The Dutch East India Company as an Institutional Innovation,” in , ed., Dutch Capitalism and World Capitalism (Cambridge, 1982), 235–57Google Scholar
, “The Seventeenth-Century Crisis in Southeast Asia,” Modern Asian Studies 24 (1990): 639–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Principals and Agents, Colonialists and Company Men,” American Sociological Review 61 (1996): 12–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Ethnicity, Wealth and Power in Colonial Makassar,” in , ed., The Indonesian City (Dordrecht, 1986), 37–55Google Scholar
, “Achehnese Control over West Sumatra up to the Treaty of Painan of 1663,” Journal of Southeast Asian History 10 (1969): 453–79CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, ed. The Travels of Mendes Pinto (Chicago, 1989), 20–30
, “Royal Authority and the Orang Kaya in the Western Archipelago, c. 1500–1800,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 17 (1986): 256–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, ed., The Development of Indonesian Society (St. Lucia, 1979), 11–19
, “Elephants, Horses, and the Coming of Islam to Northern Sumatra,” Indonesia and the Malay World 32 (2004): 271–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The Bugis-Makassar Diasporas,” Journal of the Malay Branch, Royal Asiatic Society 68 (1995): 120Google Scholar
, “Urban Patterns and Polities in Malay Trading Cities, 15th through 17th Centuries,” Indonesia 80 (2005): 39–5Google Scholar
, “The Emergence of Civilization in South Sulawesi and Elsewhere,” in and , eds., Pre-Colonial State Systems in Southeast Asia (Kuala Lumpur, 1975), 126–35Google Scholar
, “The Rise of Agriculture in South Sulawesi Before 1600,” Review of Indonesian and Malay Affairs 17 (1983): 92–115Google Scholar
, “The Politics of Marriage and the Marriage of Politics in Gowa, South Sulawesi,” in and , eds., Origins, Ancestry, and Alliance (Canberra, 1996), 280–315Google Scholar
, “Celebes-sud avant l'Islam selon les premiers temoignages etrangers,” Archipel 21 (1985): 153–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Religion, Tradition and the Dynamics of Islamization in South Sulawesi,” Archipel 29 (1985): 107–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Islam, Empire and Makassarese Historiography in the Reign of Sultan Ala'uddin (1593–1639),” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 38 (2007): 197–214CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Some Aspects of Makassar-Buginese Historiography,” in , ed., Historians of South-East Asia (London, 1961), 29–36Google Scholar
, “Core and Periphery, 1600–1830,” in , ed., Regions and Regional Developments in the Malay-Indonesian World (Wiesbaden, 1992), 91–103, esp. 92Google Scholar
, The Political Economy of Java's Northeast Coast c. 1740–1800 (Leiden, 2006), 26–28, 34Google Scholar
, “The Volatile State in Southeast Asia,” Journal of Asian Studies 62 (2003): 497–529CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Eastern Emporium and Company Town,” in , ed., Brides of the Sea (Honolulu, 1989), esp. 115Google Scholar
, “Unity and Disunity in Javanese Political and Religious Thought of the 18th Century,” Modern Asian Studies 26 (1992): 663–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Some Statistical Evidence on Javanese Social, Economic and Demographic History in the Later 17th and 18th Centuries,” Modern Asian Studies (1986): 30Google Scholar
, “Periodization, Institutional Change, and 18th-Century Java,” in and , eds., On the Eighteenth Century as a Category of Asian History (Aldershot, UK, 1998), 83–105Google Scholar
, “The Unity of Southeast Asia,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 28 (1997): 161–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The Demography of Ambon in the 17th Century,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 26 (1995): 227–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “A New Phase of Commercial Expansion in Southeast Asia, 1760–1840,” in , ed., The Last Stand of Asian Autonomies (New York, 1997), 60 and 57–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The Coromandel-Southeast Asian Trade 1650–1740,” Journal of Asian History 18 (1984): 113–31Google Scholar
, The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company 1660–1760 (Cambridge, 1978), chs. 1, 3–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The Nature of War and Peace Among the Bugis-Makassar People,” South East Asia Research 12 (2004): 53–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “The Companies as a Specific Institution in the History of European Expansion,” in and , eds., Companies and Trade (Leiden, 1981), 245–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Opium and the Beginnings of Chinese Capitalism in Southeast Asia,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 33 (2002): 297–314Google Scholar
, “The Growth of the Country Trade to the Straits of Malacca, 1760–1777,” Journal of the Malay Branch, Royal Asiatic Society 43 (1970): 114–30Google Scholar
, “The Bugis-Makassar Diasporas,” Journal of the Malay Branch, Royal Asiatic Society 68 (1995): 119–38Google Scholar
, “Texts, Raja Ismail, and Violence,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 32 (2001): 331–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Before Parochialization,” in and , eds., Transcending Borders (Leiden, 2002), 11–35Google Scholar
, “Discourse Without Discussion,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 34 (2003): 199–214CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Southeast Asia, Historical Periodization and Area Studies,” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 45 (2002): 268–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Trading States, Trading Places,” Comparative Studies in Society and History 36 (1994): 319–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Two Colonial Revolts,” in and , eds., Two Colonial Empires (Dordrecht, 1986), 111–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, “Javanese, Peranakan, and Chinese Elites in Cirebon,” Journal of Asian Studies 47 (1988): 503–18CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, ed., In Search of Southeast Asia (Honolulu, 1985), 94–95
, The Tobacco Monopoly in the Philippines (Quezon City, 1980)
, “Church Lands in the Agrarian History of the Tagalog Region,” in and , eds., Philippine Social History (Honolulu, 1982), 131–53Google Scholar