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5 - Athens and Rome

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

Dennis C. Mueller
Affiliation:
Universität Wien, Austria
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Summary

The only good is knowledge and the only evil is ignorance.

(Socrates)

We are lovers of beauty without extravagance, and lovers of wisdom without unmanliness. Wealth to us is not mere material for vainglory but an opportunity for achievement; and poverty we think is no disgrace to acknowledge but a real degradation to make no effort to overcome. Our citizens attend both to public and private duties, and do not allow absorption in their own various affairs to interfere with their knowledge of the city's. We differ from other states in regarding the man who holds aloof from public life not as “quiet” but as useless; we decide or debate, carefully and in person, all matters of policy, holding, not that words and deeds go ill together, but that acts are foredoomed to failure when undertaken undiscussed. For we are noted for being at once most adventurous in action and most reflective beforehand.

(Pericles as presented in Thucydides, 1943, p. 113)

Starting about 800 bce, a society emerged around the Aegean Sea unlike any before it, a society that “had a totally new conception of what human life was for, and showed for the first time what the human mind was for.” It organized itself into city-states, but except for their territoriality, they bore no resemblance to the city-states of Mesopotamia. They were democratic to a degree unknown until that time and almost unknown since. As such, they contain important lessons for every student of democracy.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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  • Athens and Rome
  • Dennis C. Mueller, Universität Wien, Austria
  • Book: Reason, Religion, and Democracy
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511814266.006
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  • Athens and Rome
  • Dennis C. Mueller, Universität Wien, Austria
  • Book: Reason, Religion, and Democracy
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511814266.006
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Athens and Rome
  • Dennis C. Mueller, Universität Wien, Austria
  • Book: Reason, Religion, and Democracy
  • Online publication: 05 June 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511814266.006
Available formats
×