Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T06:21:48.148Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Two - Fragmenting Trypillian Megasites

A Bottom-Up Approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 October 2021

T. L. Thurston
Affiliation:
University at Buffalo, State University of New York
Manuel Fernández-Götz
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh
Get access

Summary

This volume is like déjà vu – here we are again trying to break away from hierarchy. In 2009, a major conference on social formations set an ambitious dual agenda: to summarize the research on that subject up to this point with a strong critique of the favored but not always justified hierarchical approach, and to offer a range of alternatives to studying and understanding human organization (Kienlin, 2012). This conference came after years of excellent scholarship on the development of contrary models (e.g. Crumley, 1987; Friedman & Rowlands, 1977) to the study and proliferation of hierarchical societies (or what are assumed to be hierarchical societies) that dominate our discipline. The contributions to this volume are part of the same cycle of the utter predominance of approaches equating power with hierarchy and centralization that are periodically challenged by the increasing number of archaeological case studies for which such approaches simply do not work.

Type
Chapter
Information
Power from Below in Premodern Societies
The Dynamics of Political Complexity in the Archaeological Record
, pp. 40 - 60
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albert, B., Innes, J., Krementskiy, K., et al. (2020) What was the ecological impact of a Trypillia megasite occupation? Multi-proxy palaeo-environmental investigations at Nebelivka, Ukraine. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 29, 1534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bender, B. (1990) The dynamics of non-hierarchical societies. In Upham, S. (ed.) The Evolution of Political Systems, 247263. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chapman, J. (2000) Fragmentation in Archaeology. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Chapman, J. (2015) Burn or bury? Mortuary alternatives in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic of Central and Eastern Europe. In Diachenko, A., Menotti, F., Ryzhov, S., Bunyatyan, K., & Kadrow, S. (eds.), The Cucuteni-Trypillia Cultural Complex and Its Neighbours. Essays in Memory of Vlodomyr Kruts, 259278. Lviv, Astrolyabia.Google Scholar
Chapman, J. (2017) The standard model, the maximalists and the minimalists: New interpretations of Trypillia mega-sites. Journal of World Prehistory, Special Issue: European Prehistory and Urban Studies 30 (3), 221237.Google Scholar
Chapman, J. & Gaydarska, B. (2016) Low-density agrarian-based cities: A principle of the Past and Present. In Müller, J., Rassmann, K., & Videiko, M. (eds.) Trypillia-Megasites and European Prehistory, 4100–3400 bce, 181193. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Chapman, J. & Gaydarska, B. (2018) The Cucuteni–Trypillia “Big Other” – reflections on the making of millennial cultural traditions. In Werra, D. & Woźny, M. (eds.) Between History and Archaeology. Papers in Honour of Jacek Lech, 267277. Oxford, Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Chapman, J. & Gaydarska, B. (2019) The pilgrimage model for Trypillia mega-sites: The case of Nebelivka, Ukraine. In Stîrbu, V. & Comşa, A. (eds.) Digging in the Past of Old Europe. Studies in Honor of Cristian Schuster at his 60th Anniversary, 73102. Târgu Jiu – Brăila: Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei.Google Scholar
Chapman, J., Gaydarska, B., & Hale, D. (2016) Nebelivka: Assembly houses, ditches, and social structure. In Müller, J., Rassmann, K., & Videiko, M. (eds.), Trypillia-Megasites and European Prehistory, 4100–3400 bce, 117132. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Chapman, J., Videiko, M., Gaydarska, B., et al. (2014) The Planning of the Earliest European Proto-Towns: A New Geophysical Plan of the Trypillia Mega-Site of Nebelivka, Kirovograd Domain, Ukraine. Antiquity Gallery: http://antiquity.ac.uk.ezphost.dur.ac.uk/projgall/chapman339/.Google Scholar
Craig, O., Robson, H., von Tersch, M., Lucquin, A., & Chapman, J. (2020) The interior of the miniature vessels. In Gaydarska, B. (ed.) Early Urbanism in Europe: The Case of the Trypillia Mega-Sites, 346349. Berlin, De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Crumley, C. (1987) A dialectical critique of hierarchy. In Patterson, T. & Gailey, C. (eds.) Power Relation and State Formation, 155168. Washington, DC, American Anthropological Association.Google Scholar
Diachenko, A. (2016) Demography reloaded. In Müller, J., Rassmann, K., & Videiko, M. (eds.), Trypillia-Megasites and European Prehistory, 4100–3400 bce, 181194. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Diachenko, A. & Menotti, F. (2017) Proto-cities or non-proto-cities? On the nature of Cucuteni–Trypillia mega-sites. Journal of World Prehistory 30 (3), 207219.Google Scholar
Fernández-Götz, M., Wendling, H., & Winger, K. (eds.) (2014) Paths to Complexity: Centralisation and Urbanisation in Iron Age Europe. Oxford, Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Fowler, C. (2004) The Archaeology of Personhood. An Anthropological Approach. London/New York, Routledge.Google Scholar
Friedman, J. & Rowlands, M. (1977) (eds.) The Evolution of Social Systems. London, Duckworth.Google Scholar
Gaydarska, B. (2003) Application of GIS in settlement archaeology: an integrated approach to prehistoric subsistence strategies. In Kruts, V., Korvin-Piotrovskiy, A., & Ryzhov, S. (eds.) Tripolian Settlements-Giants: The International Symposium Materials, 212216. Kyiv, Korvin Press.Google Scholar
Gaydarska, B. (2004) GIS approaches to settlement pattern studies in Thrace. In Nikolov, V., Bachvarov, K., & Kalchev, P. (eds.) Prehistoric Thrace: Proceedings of the International Symposium in Stara Zagora, 349354. Sofia, Institute of Archaeology with Museum – BAS, Regional Museum of History – Stara Zagora.Google Scholar
Gaydarska, B. (2016) The city is dead. Long live the city! Norwegian Archaeological Review 49 (1), 4057.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaydarska, B. (2017) Introduction: European prehistory and urban studies. Journal of World Prehistory 30 (3), 177188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaydarska, B. & Chapman, J. (2016) Nine questions for Trypillia megasites research. In Borisov, B. (ed.) Professor Boris Borissov – Friends and Students. Studia in Honorem Professoris Borisi Borisov 179197. Veliko Turnovo, Veliko Turnovo University and Bulgarian Archaeology 2.Google Scholar
Gaydarska, B. (ed.) (2020) Early Urbanism in Europe: The Case of the Trypillia Mega-sites. Berlin, De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Hahn, H.-P. (2012) Segmentary societies as alternatives to hierarchical order: sustainable social structures or organization of predatory violence? In Kienlin, T. L. & Zimmermann, A. (eds.) Beyond Elites. Alternatives to Hierarchical Systems in Modelling Social Formations, 3340. Bonn, Habelt.Google Scholar
Hale, D. (2020) Geophysical investigations and the Nebelivka site plan. In Gaydarska, B. (ed.) Early Urbanism in Europe: The Case of the Trypillia Mega-sites, 122148. Berlin, De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Hirth, K. (2008) Incidental urbanism: The structure of the prehispanic city in Central Mexico. In Marcus, J. & Sabloff, J. (eds.) The Ancient City: New Perspectives on Ancient Urbanism, 273298. Santa Fe, School for Advanced Research Press.Google Scholar
Johnston, S., Diachenko, A., Gaydarska, B., et al. (2018) The experimental building, burning and excavation of a two-storey Trypillia house. In Ţurcanu, S. & Ursu, C.-E. (eds.) Materiality and Identity in Pre- and Protohistoric Europe. Homage to Cornelia-Madga Lazarovici, 397434. Suceava, Karl Romstorfer.Google Scholar
Johnston, S., Litkevych, V., Diachenko, A., et al. (2019) The Nebelivka experimental house construction and house-burning, 2014–2015. Be-JA 9, 6190.Google Scholar
Kienlin, T. L. (2012). Beyond elites: An introduction. In Kienlin, T. L. & Zimmermann, A. (eds.) Beyond Elites. Alternatives to Hierarchical Systems in Modelling Social Formations, 1532. Bonn, Habelt.Google Scholar
Kohler, T. & Smith, M. E. (eds.) (2018) Ten Thousand Years of Inequality. The Archaeology of Wealth Differences. Tucson, Arizona University Press.Google Scholar
Kohler, T., Smith, M., Bogaard, E., et al. (2017) Greater post-Neolithic wealth disparities in Eurasia than in North America and Mesoamerica. Nature 551, 619622.Google Scholar
Kolesnikov, A. (1993) Tripol’skoe obshtestvo Srednogo Podneprov’ya. Opit sotsialni’h rekonstruktsii v arheologii. Kiev, Naukova dumka.Google Scholar
Korvin-Piotrovskiy, A. (2003) Theoretical problems of the investigations of settlement-giants. In Kruts, V., Korvin-Piotrovskiy, A., & Ryzhov, S. (eds.) Tripolian Settlements-Giants: The International Symposium Materials, 57. Kyiv, Korvin Press.Google Scholar
Korvin-Piotrovskiy, A. & Menotti, F. (eds.) (2008) Talianki – Settlement-Giant of the Tripolian Culture. Investigations in 2008. Kiev, Institute of Archaeology of the NASU.Google Scholar
Korvin-Piotrovskiy, A. & Menotti, F. (eds.) (2009) Talianki – Settlement-Giant of the Tripolian Culture. Investigations in 2009. Kiev, Institute of Archaeology of the NASU.Google Scholar
Korvin-Piotrovskiy, A. & Menotti, F. (eds.) (2010) Talianki – Settlement-Giant of the Tripolian Culture. Investigations in 2010. Kiev, Institute of Archaeology of the NASU.Google Scholar
Korvin-Piotrovskiy, A. & Menotti, F. (eds.) (2011) Talianki – Settlement-Giant of the Tripolian Culture. Investigations in 2011. Kiev, Institute of Archaeology of the NASU.Google Scholar
Korvin-Piotrovskiy, A. & Rassmann, K. (eds.) (2013) Talianki – Settlement-Giant of the Tripolian Culture. Investigations in 2012. Kiev, Institute of Archaeology of the NASU.Google Scholar
Kruts, V. (1989) K istorii naseleniya Tripolskoj kultury v mezhdurechye Uzhnogo Buga i Dnepra. In Berezanskaya, S. S. (ed.), Pervobytnaya archeologiya: Materialy i issledovaniya, 117132. Kiev, Naukova Dumka.Google Scholar
Kruts, V. (2003) Tripolskie ploshchadki – rezultat ritualnogo sozhzheniya domov. In Kruts, V., Korvin-Piotrovskiy, A., & Ryzhov, S. (eds.), Tripolian Settlements-Giants: The International Symposium Materials, 7476. Kyiv, Korvin Press.Google Scholar
Kruts, V., Korvin-Piotrovskiy, A. Ryzhov, S., et al. (2005) Issledovanie poselenii-gigantov tripol’skoi kul’turi v 2002–2004. Kiev: Korvin Press.Google Scholar
Masson, V. (1990) Tripolskoe obshchestvo i ego sotsialno-ekonomicheskie charakteristiki. In Zbenovich, V. (ed.), Ranne zemledelcheskie poseleniya giganty tripolskoj kultury na Ukraine. Tezisy dokladov pervogo polevogo seminara, 810. Taljanki, Institute of Archaeology of the AN USSR.Google Scholar
Meskell, L. (2001) Archaeologies of identity. In Hodder, I. (ed.), Archaeological Theory Today, 187213. Cambridge, Polity Press.Google Scholar
Millard, A. (2020) The AMS dates. In Gaydarska, B. (ed.) Early Urbanism in Europe: The Case of the Trypillia Mega-sites, 246256. Berlin, De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Miller, D. (2020) The molluscan evidence. In Gaydarska, B. (ed.) Early Urbanism in Europe: The Case of the Trypillia Mega-sites, 119120. Berlin, De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Monah, D. & Monah, F. (1997) The last great Chalcolithic civilization of Old Europe. In Mantu, C-M, Dumitroaia, Gh, & Tsaravopoulos, A. (eds.) Cucuteni. The Last Great Chalcolithic Civilization of Europe, 1595. Thessaloniki, Athena Printing House.Google Scholar
Müller, J. (2015) Eight million Neolithic Europeans: Social demography and social archaeology on the scope of change – From the Near East to Scandinavia. In Kristiansen, K., Smedja, L., & Turek, J. (eds.) Paradigm Found. Festschrift on Occasion of Evzen Neustupny‘s 80th birthday, 200214. Oxford, Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Müller, J. (2016) Humans structure social space: What we can learn from Trypillia. In Müller, J., Rassmann, K., & Videiko, M. (eds.) Trypillia-Megasites and European Prehistory, 4100–3400 bce, 301304. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Müller, J., Hofmann, R., Brandstätter, L., Ohlrau, R., & Videiko, M. (2016a) Chronology and demography: How many people lived in a mega-site. In Müller, J., Rassmann, K., & Videiko, M. (eds.) Trypillia-Megasites and European Prehistory, 4100–3400 bce, 133170. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Müller, J., Hofmann, R., Kirleis, W., et al. (2017) Maidenetske 2013. New Excavations at a Trypillia Mega-site. Studien zur Archäologie in Ostmitteleuropa. Studia nad Pradziejami Europy Środkowej, 16. Bonn, Habelt.Google Scholar
Müller, J., Rassmann, K., & Videiko, M. (eds.) (2016) Trypillia-Megasites and European Prehistory, 4100–3400 bce. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Nebbia, M. (2017). Early cities or mega-villages? Settlement dynamics in the Trypillia culture, Ukraine. PhD dissertation, Durham, Durham University.Google Scholar
Nebbia, M., Gaydarska, B., Millard, A. & Chapman, J. (2018) The making of Chalcolithic assembly places: Trypillia mega-sites as materialised consensus among equal strangers. World Archaeology 50 (1), 4161.Google Scholar
Ohlrau, R. (2020) Maidanets’ke. Development and Decline of a Trypillia Mega-site in Central Ukraine. Leiden, Sidestone Press Academics.Google Scholar
Ohlrau, R., Dal Corso, M., Kirleis, W., & Müller, J. (2016) Living on the edge? Carrying capacities of Trypillian settlements in the Buh-Dnipro interfluve. In Müller, J., Rassmann, K., & Videiko, M. (eds.) Trypillia-Megasites and European Prehistory, 4100–3400 bce, 207220. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Orton, D., Nottingham, J., Rainsford-Betts, G., & Hoskins, K. (2020) Animal bones from the 2009–2014 excavations at Nebelivka. In Gaydarska, B. (ed.), Early Urbanism in Europe: The Case of the Trypillia Mega-sites, 388404. Berlin, De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Pashkevich, G. (2005) Palaeoethnobotanical evidence of the Tripolye culture. In Dumitroaia, G., Chapman, J., Weller, O., Preoteasa, C., Monteanu, R., Nicola, D., & Monah, D. (eds.) Cucuteni 120 Years of Research, Time to Sum Up, 231245. Piatra-Neamţ, Constantin Matasa.Google Scholar
Pashkevych, G. (2014) Data of the Trypillian agriculture: New palaeobotanical evidence. In Dumitroaia, G., Preoteasa, C., & Nicola, D. (eds.) Cucuteni Culture within the European Neo-Eneolithic Context. International Colloquium, Cucuteni 130, Abstracts, 2427. Piatra-Neamţ, Constantin Matasa.Google Scholar
Porčić, M. (2010) House floor area as a correlate of marital residence pattern: A logistic regression approach. Cross-Cultural Research 44 (4), 405424.Google Scholar
Porčić, M. (2011) An exercise in archaeological demography: Estimating the population size of Late Neolithic settlements in the Central Balkans. Documenta Praehistorica, XXXVIII, 323332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rassmann, K., Korvin-Piotrovskiy, A., Videiko, M., & Müller, J. (2016) The new challenge for site plans and geophysics: Revealing the settlement structure of giant settlements by means of geomagnetic survey. In Müller, J., Rassmann, K., & Videiko, M. (eds.) Trypillia-Megasites and European Prehistory, 4100–3400 bce, 2954. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Rassmann, K., Ohlrau, R., Hofmann, R., et al. (2014) High precision Tripolye settlement plans, demographic estimations and settlement organization. Journal of Neolithic Archaeology 16, 6395.Google Scholar
Regenye, J., Bánffy, E., Demján, P., et al. (2020) Narratives for Lengyel funerary practice. Bericht der Romisch-Germanischen Kommission 97, 580.Google Scholar
Ryzhov, S. (1999) Keramika Poselen Trypilskoi Kultury Bugo-Dniprovskogo Mezhyruzhzhia yak Istorychne Dzerelo. Unpublished PhD thesis. Kyiv, Institute of Archaeology of the NAS of Ukraine.Google Scholar
Ryzhov, S. (2012) Relative chronology of the giant-settlement period BII – CI. In Menotti, F. & Korvin-Piotrovskiy, A. (eds.) The Tripolye Culture Giant-Settlements in Ukraine: Formation, Development and Decline, 79115. Oxford, Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Saitta, D. & Keene, A. (1990) Politics and surplus flow in prehistoric communal societies. In Upham, S. (ed.) The Evolution of Political Systems, 203224. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Smaglij, N. & Videiko, M. (2003) Maidanetskoe – tripolskij proto-gorod. Stratum Plus 2, 44140.Google Scholar
Tkachuk, T. (2005) Semiotichnii analiz tripil’skoi-kukutenskih znakovih sistem. Vinnitsia, Nova kniga.Google Scholar
Wynne-Jones, S. & Kohring, S. (2007) Socializing complexity. In Kohring, S. & Wynne-Jones, S. (eds.), Socializing Complexity. Structure, Interaction and Power in Archaeological Discourse, 212. Oxford, Oxbow Books.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×