This chapter surveys the late scholastics' views on post-war justice (or ius post-bellum) – in particular, on the right of a just victor to punish the defeated side by killing, enslaving, and plundering. According to the leading late scholastic authors, in order to be liable to punishment as regards your property and liberty it suffices to be a member of the justly defeated state. Your punitive liability to lose your life requires, however, your actually having culpably participated in the war. After considering various views on whether future security from attack justifies killing enemy innocents, I turn to the question of enslavement of enemy innocents as discussed in the context of the suppression of the Alpujarras War of 1571, a revolt by Spanish subjects of Moslem descent ( the 'Moriscos'). While most authors approved of the enslavement of Morisco women and children, there were a few – so far ignored – critical voices. I focus on those of Pedro de Lorca and Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza. The latter carefully refuted the various arguments offered in defence of Morisco slavery, possibly reflecting a general change of mind among ruling elites about the political wisdom of the expulsion of the Moriscos in 1609.