Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-8mjnm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T14:49:19.080Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

(b) - Yorkist and Early Tudor England

from 21 - England

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

Christopher Allmand
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool
Get access

Summary

edward IV dated the start of his reign from 4 March 1461, the day he was acclaimed by the Londoners and took his seat on the throne in Westminster Hall. But his claim to be king of England received its real confirmation three weeks later, on 29 March, when he led the Yorkists to victory at Towton. This was the largest battle of the Wars of the Roses, and the decisiveness of its outcome forced the acknowledgement of Edward’s title by all but the most committed Lancastrians. There were, however, aspects of the situation which were less comfortable for the new king. The deposition of Henry VI was the first to draw its validity from a trial of military strength. Both previous depositions – of Edward II and Richard II – had rested on a much broader political consensus. A military verdict was necessary in 1461 precisely because there was no general agreement that Henry should go. Edward IV was also the first king to have his predecessor still at large when he assumed the title. Henry VI and his wife had remained at York while Towton was fought and had fled to Scotland on hearing the news of their army’s defeat.

Edward IV thus faced, in a particularly acute form, the need to establish himself as the rightful and effective ruler of England. The early years of his reign saw almost continuous military involvement in the north of England, where the Lancastrians could call on Scottish support, and more sporadic activity in Wales and elsewhere. It was not until the Yorkist victory of Hexham in 1464, followed by the surrender of the Northumbrian castles still held by the Lancastrians, that Edward’s military hold on his realm could be considered entirely secure – a hold recognised by a truce agreed with Scotland in June.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anglo, S. (1969), Spectacle, pageantry and early Tudor policy, Oxford
Anglo, S. (ed.) (1990), Chivalry in the Renaissance, Woodbridge
Antonovics, A.V. (1986), ‘Henry VII,king of England, “by the grace of Charles VIII of France”’, in Griffiths, and Sherborne, (1986)Google Scholar
Arthurson, I. (1987), ‘The rising of 1497: a revolt of the peasantry?’ in Rosenthal, and Richmond, (1987)Google Scholar
Arthurson, I. (1994), The Perkin Warbeck conspiracy, 1491-1499, Gloucester
Bennett, M. (1987), Lambert Simnel and the battle of Stoke, Gloucester
Bennett, M. (1990), ‘Henry VII and the northern rising of 1489’, English Historical Review 105 Google Scholar
Bernard, G. (1985), The power of the early Tudor nobility: a study of the fourth and fifth earls of Shrewsbuy, Brighton
Bernard, G. (ed.) (1992), The Tudor nobility, Manchester
Cameron, A. (1974), ‘The giving of livery and retaining in Henry VII’s reign’, Renaissance and Modern Studies 18 Google Scholar
Carpenter, C. (1986), ‘The duke of Clarence and the midlands: a study in the interplay of local and national politics’, Midland History II Google Scholar
Carpenter, C. (1992), Locality and polity. A study of Warwickshire landed society, 1401‐1499, Cambridge
Chrimes, S.B. (1972), Henry VII, London
Chronicle of the rebellion in Lincolnshire, 1470’, ed. Nichols, J.G. Camden Miscellany I, London (1837)Google Scholar
Condon, M. (1979), ‘Ruling elites in the reign of Henry VII’, in Ross, (1979)Google Scholar
Condon, M. (1990), ‘From caitiff and villain to pater patriae: Reynold Bray and the profits of office’, in Hicks, (1990)Google Scholar
Conway, A. (1932), Henry VII’s relations with Scotland and Ireland, 1485-98, Cambridge
Crowland chronicle. Continuations 1459-1486, ed. Pronay, N. and Cox, J. London (1986)
Davies, C.S.L. (1987), ‘Bishop John Morton, the Holy See, and the accession of Henry VII’, English Historical Review 102 Google Scholar
Davies, C.S.L. (1990), ‘Richard III, Brittany, and Henry Tudor’, Nottingham Medieval Studies 37 Google Scholar
Fortescue, John, The governance of England, ed. Plummer, C. Oxford (1885)
Griffiths, R.A. and Thomas, R.S. (1985), The making of the Tudor dynasty, Gloucester
Griffiths, R.A. and Sherborne, J. (eds.) (1986), Kings and nobles in the later Middle Ages. A tribute to Charles Ross, Gloucester
Gunn, S. (1990), ‘Chivalry and the politics of the early Tudor court’, in Anglo, (1990)Google Scholar
Gunn, S. (1993), ‘The courtiers of Henry VII’, English Historical Review 108 Google Scholar
Gunn, S. (1995), Early Tudor government, 1485-1558, Basingstoke
Hanham, A. (1975), Richard III and his early historians, Oxford
Harriss, G. L. (1993), ‘Political society and the growth of government in late medieval England’, Past & Present 138 Google Scholar
Hicks, M.A. (1978), ‘Dynastic change and northern society: the career of the fourth earl of Northumberland’, Northern History 14 Google Scholar
Hicks, M.A. (1979), ‘The changing role of the Wydevilles in Yorkist politics to 1483’, in Ross, (1979)Google Scholar
Hicks, M.A. (1980), False, fleeting, perjur’d Clarence. George, duke of Clarence, 1449-78, Gloucester
Hicks, M.A. (1984a), ‘Attainder, resumption and coercion 1461-1529’, Parliamentary History 3 Google Scholar
Hicks, M.A. (1984b), ‘Edward IV, the duke of Somerset and Lancastrian loyalism in the north’, Northern History 20 Google Scholar
Hicks, M.A. (1986), ‘The Yorkshire rebellion of 1489 reconsidered’, Northern History 22 Google Scholar
Hicks, M.A. (ed.) (1990), Profit, piety and the professions in later medieval England, Gloucester
Historie of the arrivall of Edward IV in England, ed. Bruce, J., Camden Society, original series, I, London (1838)
Holland, P. (1988), ‘The Lincolnshire rebellion of March 1470’, English Historical Review 103 Google Scholar
Horrox, R.E. (1989), Richard III. A study of service, Cambridge
Horrox, R.E. (ed.) (1987), Richard III and the north, Hull
Horrox, R.E. (ed.) (1994), Fifteenth-century attitudes. Perceptions of society in late medieval England, Cambridge
Hughes, P.L. and Larkin, J.F. (eds.), Tudor royal proclamations, I, New Haven and London (1964)
Ives, E.W. (1968), ‘Andrew Dymmock and the papers of Antony, Earl Rivers, 1482-3’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 41 Google Scholar
Johnson, P.A. (1988), Duke Richard of York, Oxford
Jones, M.K. (1988), ‘Sir William Stanley of Holt: politics and family allegiance in the late fifteenth century’, Welsh History Review 14 Google Scholar
Jones, M.K. and Underwood, M.G. (1992), The kings mother. Lady Margaret Beaufort, countess of Richmond and Derby, Cambridge
Lander, J.R. (1961), ‘Attainder and forfeiture, 1453-1509’, Historical Journal 4 Google Scholar
Lander, J.R. (1963), ‘Marriage and politics in the fifteenth century: the Nevills and the Wydevills’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 36 Google Scholar
Lander, J.R. (1971), ‘Bonds, coercion and fear: Henry VII and the peerage’, in Rowe, and Stockdale, (1971)Google Scholar
Lowe, D. (1981), ‘Patronage and politics: Edward IV, the Wydevilles and the council of the prince of Wales, 1471-83’, Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies 29 Google Scholar
Mancini, Dominic The usurpation of Richard III, ed. Armstrong, C.A.J., Oxford (1969)
Morgan, D.A.L. (1973), ‘The king’s affinity in the polity of Yorkist England’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5 th series 23 Google Scholar
Morgan, D.A.L. (1987), ‘The house of policy: the political role of the late Plantagenet household’, in Starkey, (1987)Google Scholar
Paston letters and papers of the fifteenth century, ed. Davis, N., 2 vols., Oxford (1971-1976)
Pollard, A.J. (1977), ‘The tyranny of Richard III’, Journal of Medieval History 3 Google Scholar
Pollard, A.J. (1979), ‘Lord Fitzhugh’s rising in 1470’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 52 Google Scholar
Pollard, A.J. (1986), ‘St Cuthbert and the hog: Richard III and the country palatine of Durham’, in Griffiths, and Sherborne, (1986)Google Scholar
Pollard, A.J. (1990), North-eastern England during the Wars of the Roses. Lay society, war and politics 1450-1500, Oxford
Pollard, A.J. (ed.) (1984), Property and politics. Essays in later medieval English history, Gloucester
Pugh, T.B. (1992), ‘Henry VII and the English nobility’, in Bernard, (1992)Google Scholar
Rawcliffe, C. (1980), ‘Henry VII and Edward duke of Buckingham: the repression of an “over-mighty subject”’, Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 53 Google Scholar
Richmond, C.F. (1970), ‘Fauconberg’s Kentish rising of May 1471’, English Historical Review 85 Google Scholar
Rosenthal, J.T. and Richmond, C.F. (eds.) (1987), People, politics and community in the later Middle Ages, Gloucester
Ross, C.D. (1974), Edward IV, London
Ross, C.D. (1981), Richard III, London
Ross, C.D. (ed.) (1979), Patronage, pedigree and power in late medieval England, Gloucester
Rowe, J.G. and Stockdale, W.H. (eds.) (1971), Florilegium historiale. Essays presented to Wallace K. Ferguson, Toronto
Rowney, I. (1984), ‘Resources and retaining in Yorkist England: William Lord Hastings and the honour of Tutbury’, in Pollard, (1984)Google Scholar
Scofield, C. (1923), The life and reign of Edward the fourth, 2 vols., London
Starkey, D. (ed.) (1987), The English court. From the Wars of the Roses to the Civil War, London
Thompson, B. (ed.) (1995), The reign of Henry VII, Stamford
Warkworth, John A chronicle of the first thirteen y ears of the reign of King Edward the fourth, ed. Halliwell, J.O., Camden Society, original series, 10, London (1839)
Watts, J. (1996), Henry VI and the politics of kingship, Cambridge
Weightman, C. (1989), Margaret of York, duchess of Burgundy, 1446-1503, Gloucester
Williams, C.H. (1928), ‘The rebellion of Humphrey Stafford in 1486’, English Historical Review 43 Google Scholar
Wolffe, B. P. (1971), The royal demesne in English history, London
Wood, C.T. (1975), ‘The deposition of Edward V’, Traditio 31 Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×