Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- PART I AL-ANDALUS AND NORTH AND WEST AFRICA (ELEVENTH TO FIFTEENTH CENTURIES)
- PART II EGYPT AND SYRIA (ELEVENTH CENTURY UNTIL THE OTTOMAN CONQUEST)
- 6 Bilād al-Shām, from the Fāṭimid conquest to the fall of the Ayyūbids (359–658/970–1260)
- 7 The Fāṭimid caliphate (358–567/969–1171) and the Ayyūbids in Egypt (567–648/1171–1250)
- 8 The Mamlūks in Egypt and Syria: the Turkish Mamlūk sultanate (648–784/1250–1382) and the Circassian Mamlūk sultanate (784–923/1382–1517)
- 9 Western Arabia and Yemen (fifth/eleventh century to the Ottoman conquest)
- PART III MUSLIM ANATOLIA AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
- PART IV NORTH AND WEST AFRICA (SIXTEENTH TO EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES)
- PART V RULERS, SOLDIERS, PEASANTS, SCHOLARS AND TRADERS
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
9 - Western Arabia and Yemen (fifth/eleventh century to the Ottoman conquest)
from PART II - EGYPT AND SYRIA (ELEVENTH CENTURY UNTIL THE OTTOMAN CONQUEST)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2011
Edited by
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- PART I AL-ANDALUS AND NORTH AND WEST AFRICA (ELEVENTH TO FIFTEENTH CENTURIES)
- PART II EGYPT AND SYRIA (ELEVENTH CENTURY UNTIL THE OTTOMAN CONQUEST)
- 6 Bilād al-Shām, from the Fāṭimid conquest to the fall of the Ayyūbids (359–658/970–1260)
- 7 The Fāṭimid caliphate (358–567/969–1171) and the Ayyūbids in Egypt (567–648/1171–1250)
- 8 The Mamlūks in Egypt and Syria: the Turkish Mamlūk sultanate (648–784/1250–1382) and the Circassian Mamlūk sultanate (784–923/1382–1517)
- 9 Western Arabia and Yemen (fifth/eleventh century to the Ottoman conquest)
- PART III MUSLIM ANATOLIA AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
- PART IV NORTH AND WEST AFRICA (SIXTEENTH TO EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES)
- PART V RULERS, SOLDIERS, PEASANTS, SCHOLARS AND TRADERS
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Summary
Western Arabia
From the second half of the fourth/tenth century the ʿAbbāsid caliphate’s hegemonic monopoly in western Arabia eroded. The economic and geo-strategic importance of the Red Sea intensified in the wake of the ʿAbbāsid state’s decline, and the basic significance of the Ḥijāz as goal of the pilgrimage (ḥajj) and original abode of Islam widened. In the period under study the region became an object of imperial strategies in which ʿAbbāsids, Fāṭimids, Ayyūbids, Rasūlids, Mamlūks and others had their share. Within this framework of supra-regional power politics the foundation and consolidation of the Sharīfī emirates of Mecca and Medina, the main local political actors in western Arabia, took place.
In Mecca, descendants of the Prophet Muḥammad by his grandson al-Ḥasan took over power during the sixties of the tenth century CE. Thus began Sharīfī government there for nearly a millennium to come. The rise of the emirate coincided with the beginning of Fāṭimid rule in Egypt and it was to the Fāṭimids that the Sharīfs had to pay allegiance at first. Early Sharīfī ambitions for independence culminated in the proclamation as caliph by the ruling Sharīf in 401/1010. Yet, the Fāṭimids could dominate Mecca, and in 455/1063 their Yemeni vassals, the Ṣulayḥids, temporarily controlled the city to install a pro-Fāṭimid reign after the end of the first Ḥasanid clan in governance, the Mūsāwīs.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The New Cambridge History of Islam , pp. 285 - 298Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010
References
, Taʾrīkh al-Yaman al-musammā al-Mufīd fī akhbār Ṣanʿāʾ wa-Zabd wa-shuʿarāʾ mulūkihā wa-aʿyānihā wa-udabāʾihā, ed. , 3rd edn, Ṣanʿāʾ, 1985.Google Scholar
, al-Ṣulayḥiyyūn wa’l-ḥaraka al-fāṭimiyya fī ’l-Yaman (min sana 268 H ilā sana 626 H), Cairo, 1955; repr. 3rd edn Beirut, 1986.Google Scholar
, al-ʿUqūd al-luʾluʾiyya fī taʾrīkh al-dawla al-rasūliyya, ed. and , 2 vols., 2nd edn, Ṣanʿāʾ and Beirut, 1403/1983.
, Taʾrīkh ḥaḍramawt al-musammā bil-ʿUdda al-mufīda al-jāmiʿa li-tawārīkh qadīma wa-ḥadītha, Ṣanʿāʾ, 1991.Google Scholar
, Dukhūl al-ʿuthmāniyyīn al-awwal ilā ’l-Yaman al-musammā al-Iḥsān fī dukhūl mamlakat al-Yaman taḥta ẓill ʿadālat Āl ʿUthmān, ed. , Beirut, 1986.Google Scholar
, Muhammad, al-Iʿlām bi-aʿlām bayt Allāh al-ḥarām, at the margin of Daḥlān, Khulāṣat al-kalām, Cairo, 1305/1888.Google Scholar
, Taʾrīkh Makka. Dirāsāt fī’l-siyāsa wa’l-ʿilm wa’l-ijtimāʿ wa’l-ʿumrān, 2 vols. in 1, 4th edn, Mecca, 1979.Google Scholar
, Taʾrīkh al-Yaman al-musammā Farjat al-humūm wa’l-ḥazan fī ḥawādith wa-taʾrīkh al-Yaman, 2nd edn, Ṣanʿāʾ, 1990.Google Scholar
, ‘Les assises du pouvoir zaydite au XIIIe siècle’, in (ed.), Le Yémen, passé et présent de l’unité, Aix-en-Provence, 1994, 25–37 (= Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerranée, 67 (1993)).Google Scholar
, Khulāṣat al-kalām fī bayān umarāʾ al-balad al-ḥarām min zamān al-nabī ʿalayhi l-ṣalāt wa’l-salām ilā waqtinā hādhā, Cairo, 1305.Google Scholar
, , Kitāb al-simṭ al-ghālī al-thaman fī akhbār al-mulūk min al-ghuzz bil-Yaman, ed. , London, 1974 (= G. R. Smith, The Ayyūbids and early Rasūlids in the Yemen, vol. I).Google Scholar
, , al-Faḍl al-mazīd ʿalā Bughyat al-mustafīd fī akhbār Zabīd, ed. , Kuwait, 1402/1982.Google Scholar
, Der Imam al-Qāsim ibn Ibrāhīm und die Glaubenslehre der Zaiditen, Berlin, 1965.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, ‘The Sīrat al-amīrayn al-ajallayn al-sharīfayn al-fāḍilayn al-Qāsim wa-Muḥammad ibnay Jaʿfar ibn al-Imām al-Qāsim ibn ʿAlī al-ʿIyānī as a historical source’, in et al. (eds.), Studies in the history of Arabia, Riad, 1979, vol. I, part 2 –87.Google Scholar
, ‘Islam in Yemen’, in (ed.), Yemen: 3000 years of art and civilisation in Arabia Felix, Innsbruck and Frankfurt, 1988 –7.Google Scholar
, ‘The year of the elephant. Mamlūk-Mongol rivalry in the Hejaz in the reign of Abū Saʿīd (1317–1335)’, Studia Iranica, 21 (1992) –214.Google Scholar
, al-Aḥwāl al-siyāsiyya wa’l-iqtiṣādiyya bi-Makka fī’ l-ʿaṣr al-mamlūkī, Riyadh, 1985.Google Scholar
, ‘Zaydī Shiʿism and the Ḥasanid Sharifs of Mecca’, International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 19 (1987) –72.Google Scholar
, ‘Prices in Mecca during the Mamlūk period’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 32 (1989) –334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, ‘The origins and early history of the Ḥusaynid amirate of Madīna to the end of the Ayyūbid period’, Studia Islamica, 74 (1991) –78.Google Scholar
, ‘The Ḥusaynid amirate of Madīna during the Mamlūk period’, Studia Islamica, 80 (1994) –123.Google Scholar
, ‘The mercantile community of Mecca during the late Mamlūk period’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, third series, 4 (1994) –35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, Taʾrīkh al-madhāhib al-dīniyya fī bilād al-Yaman ḥattā nihāyat al-qarn al-sādis al-hijrī, Cairo, 1988.Google Scholar
, ‘The Ayyubids and Rasulids – the transfer of power in 7th/13th century Yemen’, Islamic Culture, 43 (1969) –88.Google Scholar
, The Ayyūbids and early Rasūlids in the Yemen (567–694/1173–1295), vol. II, London, 1978.Google Scholar
, ‘The early and medieval history of Ṣanʿāʾ, ca. 622–953/1515 [sic]’, in and (eds.), Ṣanʿāʾ: An Arabian Islamic city, London, 1983 –67.Google Scholar
, ‘The Ṭāhirid sultans of the Yemen (858–923/1454–1517) and their historian Ibn al-Daybaʿ’, Journal of Semitic Studies, 29 (1984) –54.Google Scholar
, ‘The political history of the Islamic Yemen down to the first Turkish invasion (1–945/622–1538)’, in (ed.), Yemen: 3000 years of art and civilisation in Arabia Felix, Innsbruck and Frankfurt, 1988 –39.Google Scholar
, ‘The Rasulids in Dhofar in the VIIth–VIIIth/XIIIth–XIVth centuries’, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1988) –44.Google Scholar
, ‘Some observations on the Ṭāhirids and their activities in and around Ṣanʿāʾ (858–923/1454–1517)’, in et al. (eds.), Studies in history and literature in honour of Nicola A. Ziadeh, London, 1992 –36.Google Scholar
, ‘The queen was actually a man: Arwā Bint Aḥmad and the politics of religion’, Arabica, 50 (2003) –108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
, ‘Texts and pretexts: The unity of the Rasulid state under al-Malik al-Muẓaffar’, in (ed.), Le Yémen, passé et présent de l’unité, Aix-en-Provence, 1994 –23 (= Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerranée, 67 (1993)).Google Scholar
- 1
- Cited by