Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- PART I THE ONSET OF WESTERN DOMINATION C. 1800 TO C. 1919
- PART II INDEPENDENCE AND REVIVAL C. 1919 TO THE PRESENT
- 11 Turkey from the rise of Atatürk
- 12 West Asia from the First World War
- 13 Egypt from 1919
- 14 Sudan from 1919
- 15 North Africa from the First World War
- 16 Saudi Arabia, southern Arabia and the Gulf states from the First World War
- 17 Iran from 1919
- 18 Central Asia and the Caucasus from the First World War
- 19 Afghanistan from 1919
- 20 South Asia from 1919
- 21 South-East Asia from 1910
- 22 Africa south of the Sahara from the First World War
- 23 Islam in China from the First World War
- 24 Islam in the West
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
16 - Saudi Arabia, southern Arabia and the Gulf states from the First World War
from PART II - INDEPENDENCE AND REVIVAL C. 1919 TO THE PRESENT
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 March 2011
Edited by
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Introduction
- PART I THE ONSET OF WESTERN DOMINATION C. 1800 TO C. 1919
- PART II INDEPENDENCE AND REVIVAL C. 1919 TO THE PRESENT
- 11 Turkey from the rise of Atatürk
- 12 West Asia from the First World War
- 13 Egypt from 1919
- 14 Sudan from 1919
- 15 North Africa from the First World War
- 16 Saudi Arabia, southern Arabia and the Gulf states from the First World War
- 17 Iran from 1919
- 18 Central Asia and the Caucasus from the First World War
- 19 Afghanistan from 1919
- 20 South Asia from 1919
- 21 South-East Asia from 1910
- 22 Africa south of the Sahara from the First World War
- 23 Islam in China from the First World War
- 24 Islam in the West
- Glossary
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Summary
International context
The aftermath of the First World War brought a new political order to the entire Middle East, including Arabia. The Ottoman Empire’s collapse ended its role in Arabian affairs while Great Britain reached the peak of its influence. For launching the Arab revolt against the Ottomans, Sharīf Ḥusayn of Mecca received British support to establish the Hashemite kingdom of the Ḥijāz. The resurgent Saʿūdī emirate led by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Saʿūd had wrested al-Aḥsāʾ from the Ottomans in 1913 and continued expanding after the war, conquering the Rashīdī emirate of Jabal Shammar in 1921 and the kingdom of the Ḥijāz four years later. In North Yemen, the Ottoman evacuation gave the Zaydī imamate occasion to occupy the coastal plain while Britain retained control over Aden and influence over the southern Yemeni hinterland. Little changed for Gulf coast shaykhdoms in treaty relations, with Great Britain guaranteeing their independence in exchange for conceding London dominance in foreign relations. Beyond the Ottoman sphere, Oman was divided between the coastal area under the British-influenced l Bū Saʿīd sultanate and a reinvigorated Ibāḍī imamate buttressed by tribal forces in the interior.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The New Cambridge History of Islam , pp. 451 - 480Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010
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