Abouzaid, Myriam. 2005. L’Aménagement de la Langue Amazighe au Maroc: Enjeux et Réception Auprès des Enseignants. MA thesis, Université Stendhal, Grenoble III.
Abrahamian, Ervand. 1982. Iran Between the Two Revolutions. Princeton University Press.
Adghirni, Ahmed. 2006. “Mémorandum au Sujet de la Constitution Adressé par le PDAM au Roi Mohammed VI.” Le Monde Amazigh, July–August.
Ahmad, Feroz. 1993. The Making of Modern Turkey. London, New York: Routledge.
Aït Mous, Fadma. 2006. “Réseau Associatif Amazigh: Émergence et Diffusion.” In Usages de l’Identité Amazighe au Maroc, edited by Hassan Rachik, 129–161. Casablanca: Imprimerie Najah el Jadida.
Akekmekçi, Tuba and Muazzez Pervan, eds. 2010. Doğu Sorunu: Necmeddin Sahir Sılan Raporları (1939–1953). Necmeddin Sahir Sılan Arşivi-1. Istanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
Aktar, Ayhan. 2000. Varlık Vergisi ve Türkleştirme Politikaları. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Aktoprak, Elçin. 2010. “The Kurdish Opening and the Constitutional Reform: Is There Any Progress?”European Yearbook of Minority Issues 9: 643–667.
Aktürk, Şener. 2012. Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Alami, Younès, Omar Brouksy, and Nadia Hachimi Alaoui. 2004. “Que Veulent Les Berbères?” Le Journal Hebdomadaire, October 30–November 4.
Alaoui, Ahmed. 1980. “Defense et Illustration de la Culture Berbère.” Maroc Soir, March 27.
Alaoui, Ahmed 1992. “Il y a 62 Ans le Dahir Berbère.” Maroc Soir, May 16.
Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.
Anderson, Lisa. 2000. “Dynasts and Nationalists: Why Monarchies Survive.” In Middle East Monarchies: The Challenge of Modernity, edited by Joseph Kostiner, 53–69. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Anter, Musa. 1999. Hatıralarım (1–2). Istanbul: Avesta Yayınları.
Arslan, Ruşen. 2006. Şeyh Said Ayaklanmasında Varto Aşiretleri ve Mehmet Şerif Fırat Olayı. Istanbul: Doz Yayınları.
Ashford, Douglas E. 1959. “Politics and Violence in Morocco.” The Middle East Journal 13 (1): 11–25.
Ashford, Douglas E. 1961. Political Change in Morocco. Princeton University Press.
Aslan, Senem. 2007. “Citizen, Speak Turkish! A Nation in the Making.” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 13 (2): 245–272.
Aslan, Senem 2009. “
Incoherent State: The Controversy over Kurdish Naming in Turkey.”
European Journal of Turkish Studies 10. Available at
http://ejts.revues.org/4142.
Aslan, Senem 2011. “Everyday Forms of State Power and the Kurds in the Early Turkish Republic.”International Journal of Middle East Studies 43 (1): 75–93.
Aslan, Senem 2013. “Negotiating National Identity: Berber Activism and the Moroccan State.” In The Everyday Life of the State: A State-In-Society Approach, edited by Adam White, 176–188. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
Ataman, Muhittin. 2002. “Özal Leadership and the Restructuring of Turkish Ethnic Policy in the 1980s.” Middle Eastern Studies 38 (4): 123–143.
Avar, Sıdıka. 2004. Dağ Çiçeklerim: Anılar. Fourth Edition. Ankara: Öğretmen Dünyası Yayınları.
Aygün, Hüseyin. 2011. Dersim 1938 ve Zorunlu İskan. Fifth Edition. Ankara: Dipnot.
Barkey, Henri J. and Graham E. Fuller. 1997. “Turkey’s Kurdish Question: Critical Turning Points and Missed Opportunities.”The Middle East Journal 51 (1): 59–80.
Barkey, Karen. 1994. Bandits and Bureaucrats: The Ottoman Route to State Centralization. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Barkey, Karen 1997. “Thinking about Consequences of Empire.” In After Empire: Multiethnic Societies and Nation-Building, edited by Karen Barkey and Mark Von Hagen, 99–114. Boulder, CO: Westview.
Bayart, Jean-François. 1991. “Finishing With the Idea of the Third World: The Concept of the Political Trajectory.” In Rethinking Third World Politics, edited by James Manor, 51–71. London: Longman.
Bayrak, Mehmet, ed. 1994. Açık-Gizli/Resmi-Gayriresmi Kürdoloji Belgeleri. Ankara: Özge Yayınları.
Bedirhan, Celalet Ali. 1997. Kürt Sorunu Üzerine: Kürtlerin Sürgün Edilmesi ve Dağıtılması Yasası. Translated by Taylan Doğan. Istanbul: Avesta Yayınları.
Belge, Ceren. 2011. “State Building and the Limits of Legibility: Kinship Networks and Kurdish Resistance in Turkey.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 43 (1): 95–114.
Ben Kaddour, Abdaslam. 1972. “The Neo-Makhzan and the Berbers.” In Arabs and Berbers: From Tribe to Nation in North Africa, edited by Ernest Gellner and Charles Micaud, 259–267. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Benchemsi, Ahmed R. 2001. “Berbères: La Victoire Tranquille.” Tel Quel, November 12–18.
Benchemsi, Ahmed R. 2006. “Le Culte de la Personnalité.” Tel Quel, July 29–September 8.
Benchemsi, Ahmed R. 2012. “Morocco: Outfoxing the Opposition.” Journal of Democracy 23 (1): 57–69.
Beşikçi, İsmail. 1992. Doğu Anadolu’nun Düzeni: Sosyo-Ekonomik ve Etnik Temeller. Ankara: Yurt Kitap-Yayın.
Boone, Catherine. 2003. Political Topographies of the African State: Territorial Authority and Institutional Choice. Cambridge University Press.
Bora, Tanıl. 1986. “Adını Bilmesek de Bizim Köyümüzdür,” Yeni Gündem 3 (29): 26–27.
Boukhari, Karim. 2005. “Amazighs: Bilan d’une Ouverture.” Tel Quel, October 29–November 4.
Boum, Aomar. 2007. “Dancing for the Moroccan State: Ethnic Folk Dances and the Production of National Hybridity.” In North African Mosaic: A Cultural Reappraisal of Ethnic and Religious Minorities, edited by Nabil Boudraa and Joseph Krause, 214–237. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Bourqia, Rahma. 1999. “The Cultural Legacy of Power in Morocco.” In In the Shadow of the Sultan: Culture, Power, and Politics in Morocco, edited by Rahma Bourqia and Susan Miller, 243–258. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Center for Middle Eastern Studies.
Bozarslan, Hamit. 1988. “Les Revoltés Kurdes en Turquie Kémaliste (Quelques Aspects).” Guerres Mondiales 151: 121–136.
Bozarslan, Hamit 1996. “Political Crisis and the Kurdish Issue in Turkey.” In The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s, edited by Robert Olson, 135–153. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.
Bozarslan, Hamit 1997. La Question Kurde: États et Minorités au Moyen-Orient. Paris: Presses de Sciences Po.
Bozarslan, Hamit 2001. “Human Rights and the Kurdish Issue in Turkey: 1984–1999.” Human Rights Review 3 (1): 45–54.
Bozarslan, Hamit 2003. “Some Remarks on Kurdish Historiographical Discourse in Turkey (1919–1980).” In Essays on the Origins of Kurdish Nationalism, edited by Abbas Vali, 14–39. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers.
Bozarslan, Hamit 2008. “Kurds and the Turkish State.” In The Cambridge History of Turkey, vol. IV: Turkey in the Modern World, edited by Reşat Kasaba, 333–356. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Brass, Paul R. 1985. “Ethnic Groups and the State.” In Ethnic Groups and the State, edited by Paul R. Brass, 1–56. Totowa, NJ: Barnes and Noble.
Brass, Paul R. 1991. Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison. New Delhi, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Brewer, John. 1990. The Sinews of Power: War, Money and the English State, 1688–1783. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Brockett, Gavin D. 1998. “Collective Action and the Turkish Revolution: Towards a Framework for the Social History of the Atatürk Era, 1923–38.” Middle Eastern Studies 34 (4): 44–66.
Brown, Michael E. 1997. “The Impact of Government Policies on Ethnic Relations.” In Government Policies and Ethnic Relations in Asia and the Pacific, edited by Michael E. Brown and Šumit Ganguly, 511–576. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Brubaker, Rogers. 1996. Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Brubaker, Rogers 2004. Ethnicity Without Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Brubaker, Rogers and David Laitin. 1998. “Ethnic and Nationalist Violence.” Annual Review of Sociology 24: 423–452.
Bucak, Mustafa Remzi. 1991. Bir Kürt Aydınından İsmet İnönü‘ye Mektup. Istanbul: Doz Yayınları.
Buckner, Elizabeth. 2006. “Language Drama in Morocco: Another Perspective on the Problems and Prospects of Teaching Tamazight.” The Journal of African Studies 11 (4): 421–433.
Burkay, Kemal. 2001. Anılar Belgeler. Stockholm: Roja Nû Yayınları.
Burke III, Edmund. 1972. “The Image of the Moroccan State in French Ethnological Literature: A New Look at the Origin of Lyautey’s Berber Policy.” In Arabs and Berbers: From Tribe to Nation in North Africa, edited by Ernest Gellner and Charles Micaud, 175–199. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Byman, Daniel. 1997–1998. “Explaining Ethnic Peace in Morocco.” Harvard Middle Eastern and Islamic Review 4 (1–2): 1–29.
Çağaptay, Soner. 2004. “Race, Assimilation, and Kemalism: Turkish Nationalism and the Minorities in the 1930s.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (3): 86–101.
Çağaptay, Soner 2006. Islam, Secularism, and Nationalism in Modern Turkey: Who Is a Turk?London, New York: Routledge.
Çalışlar, Oral. 2009. “En çok şehit Şırnak’tan.” Radikal, September 5.
Cemal, Hasan. 2003. Kürtler. Istanbul: Doğan Kitap.
Cemal, Hasan 2011. Barışa Emanet Olun! Kürt Sorununa Yeni Bakış. Istanbul: Everest Yayınları.
Chafik, Mohamed. 2005. Interview by Driss Ksikes. Tel Quel, June 18–24.
Charrad, Mounira. 2001. States and Women’s Rights: The Making of Postcolonial Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Cizre Sakallıoğlu, Ümit. 1997. “The Anatomy of the Turkish Military’s Political Autonomy.”Comparative Politics 29 (2): 151–166.
Claisse, Alain. 1987. “Makhzen Traditions and Administrative Channels.” In The Political Economy of Morocco, edited by William Zartman, 34–58. New York: Praeger.
Çolak, Yılmaz. 2004. “Language Policy and Official Ideology in Early Republican Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (6): 67–91.
Coram, A. 1972. “Note on the Role of the Berbers in the Early Days of Moroccan Independence.” In Arabs and Berbers: From Tribe to Nation in North Africa, edited by Ernest Gellner and Charles Micaud, 269–276. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Corrigan, Philip and Derek Sayer. 1985. The Great Arch: English State Formation as Cultural Revolution. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Crawford, David. 2001. Work and Identity in the Moroccan High Atlas. PhD dissertation, University of California Santa Barbara.
Crawford, David 2002. “Morocco’s Invisible Imazighen.” The Journal of North African Studies 7 (1): 53–70.
Csergo, Zsuzsa. 2007. Talk of the Nation: Language and Conflict in Romania and Slovakia. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Cumhuriyet. 1991a. “Kürtçe Mağdurları.” January 28.
Cumhuriyet 1991b. “Kürtçe Kaset Tartışması.” February 4.
Cumhuriyet 2002. “Şirvan’dan Baran’a onay.” May 22.
Cumhuriyet Dergi. 1998. “Makul Olun, Kapanmayın.” February 1.
Daadaoui, Mohamed. 2011. Moroccan Monarchy and the Islamist Challenge. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Demirel, Ahmet. 2011. “Representation of the Eastern and Southeastern Provinces in the Turkish Parliament During the National Struggle and Single-Party Era.” New Perspectives on Turkey 44: 73–102.
Demokrat Türkiye. 1961a. “Şapka Kanununa Muhalefet.” February 13.
Demokrat Türkiye 1961b. “Şehir Haberleri: Şapka Kanununa Muhalefet.” March 9.
Denoeux, Guilain and Abdeslam Maghraoui. 1998. “King Hassan’s Strategy of Political Dualism.” Middle East Policy 5 (4): 104–131.
Deutsch, Karl W. 1966. Nationalism and Social Communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Devrimci Doğu Kültür Ocakları Dava Dosyası I. 1975. Ankara: Komal Yayınları.
Diken, Şeyhmus. 2005. İsyan Sürgünleri. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Downes, Alexander. 2004. “The Problem with Negotiated Settlements to Ethnic Civil Wars.” Security Studies 13 (4): 230–279.
Dündar, Fuat. 1999. Türkiye Nüfus Sayımlarında Azınlıklar. Istanbul: Doz Yayınları.
Eickelman, Dale F. 1987. “Religion and Polity in Society.” In The Political Economy of Morocco, edited by William Zartman, 84–97. New York: Praeger.
Eisenstadt, Shmuel Noah. 1973. Traditional Patrimonialism and Modern Neopatrimonialism. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
Eisenstadt, Shmuel Noah 1978. Revolution and the Transformation of Societies: A Comparative Study of Civilizations. New York: The Free Press.
Ekinci, Tarık Ziya. 2010. Lice’den Paris’e Anılarım. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Erdem, Tarhan and Selçuk Erez, eds. 1963. Kuruluşlarının Yıldönümü Halkevleri (1932–1951–1963). Istanbul: Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi İstanbul İl Gençlik Kolu Yayını.
Errihani, Mohammed. 2006. “Language Policy in Morocco: Problems and Prospects of Teaching Tamazight.” The Journal of African Studies 11 (2): 143–154.
Fearon, James D. and David D. Laitin. 2003. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.” American Political Science Review 97 (1): 75–90.
Frey, Frederick W. 1965. The Turkish Political Elite. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Gellner, Ernest. 1969. “The Great Patron: A Reinterpretation of Tribal Rebellions.”European Journal of Sociology 10 (1): 61–69.
Gellner, Ernest 1972a. “Patterns of Rural Rebellion in Morocco During the Early Years of Independence.” In Arabs and Berbers: From Tribe to Nation in North Africa, edited by Ernest Gellner and Charles Micaud, 361–374. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Gellner, Ernest 1972b. “Political and Religious Organization of the Berbers of the Central High Atlas.” In Arabs and Berbers: From Tribe to Nation in North Africa, edited by Ernest Gellner and Charles Micaud, 59–66. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Gellner, Ernest 1981. Muslim Society. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gellner, Ernest 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell.
Grandguillaume, Gilbert. 1983. Arabisation et Politique Linguistique au Maghreb. Paris: Editions G.-P. Maisonneuve et Larose.
Gränzer, Sieglinde. 1999. “Changing Discourse: Transnational Advocacy Networks in Tunisia and Morocco.” In The Power of Human Rights: International Norms and Domestic Change, edited by Thomas Risse, Stephen C. Ropp, and Kathryn Sikkink, 109–133. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gündoğan, Azat Zana. 2005. The Kurdish Political Mobilization in the 1960s: The Case of the “Eastern Meetings.” MA Thesis, Ankara: The Middle East Technical University.
Güneş, Cengiz. 2012. “Explaining the PKK’s Mobilization of the Kurds in Turkey: Hegemony, Myth, and Violence.” Ethnopolitics 12 (3): 247–267.
Gunter, Michael M. 1990. The Kurds in Turkey: A Political Dilemma. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Gurr, Ted Robert. 2000. Peoples Versus States: Minorities at Risk in the New Century. Washington, DC: US Institute of Peace.
Hammoudi, Abdellah. 1997. Master and Disciple: The Cultural Foundations of Moroccan Authoritarianism. University of Chicago Press.
Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü. 2008. A Brief History of the Late Ottoman Empire. Princeton University Press.
Hansen, Thomas Blom and Finn Stepputat. 2001. “Introduction. States of Imagination.” In States of Imagination: Ethnographic Explorations of the Postcolonial State, edited by Thomas Blom Hansen and Finn Stepputat, 1–38. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Hart, David M. 1972. “The Tribe in Modern Morocco: Two Case Studies.” In Arabs and Berbers: From Tribe to Nation in North Africa, edited by Ernest Gellner and Charles Micaud, 25–58. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Hart, David M. 1999. “Rural and Tribal Uprisings in Post-colonial Morocco, 1957–60: An Overview and a Reappraisal.” The Journal of North African Studies 4 (2): 84–102.
Hatt, Doyle G. 1996. “Establishing Tradition: The Development of Chiefly Authority in the Western High Atlas Mountains of Morocco, 1890–1990.” Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 37/38: 123–154.
Hattabi, Jamal. 2005. Les Constitutions du Royaume du Maroc. Casablanca: Les Editions Maghrébines.
Hechter, Michael. 2000. Containing Nationalism. Oxford University Press.
Hobsbawm, Eric. 1989. The Age of Empire 1875–1914. New York: Vintage.
Hoffman, Katherine E. 2000. “Administering Identities: State Decentralization and Local Identification in Morocco.” The Journal of North African Studies 5 (3): 85–100.
Horowitz, Donald L. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Houdaïfa, Hachim. 2006. “Raciste Liste.” Le Journal Hebdomadaire, March 11–17.
Huntington, Samuel P. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Hurewitz, Jacob Coleman. 1969. Middle East Politics: The Military Dimension. New York: F.A. Praeger.
Hürriyet. 1986a. “Sayım Kitapçığına Kürtçe Nasıl Girdi?” June 19.
Hürriyet 1986b. “SHP’nin Doğu Raporu.” September 5.
Hürriyet 1990a. “Resmi Dairelerde Kürtçe Konuşulabilir.” June 13.
Hürriyet 1990b. “ANAP’li Halim Aras’a Kürtçe Soruşturması.” June 28.
Hürriyet 2002. “Kadın Hakim Şirvan’dan Berivan’a Beraat.” May 22.
Hürriyet 2009. “Kürdistan Kimlikte.” October 28.
İçduygu, Ahmet and Özlem Kaygusuz. 2004. “The Politics of Citizenship by Drawing Borders: Foreign Policy and the Construction of National Citizenship Identity in Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (6): 26–50.
İçduygu, Ahmet, Yılmaz Çolak, and Nalan Soyarık. 1999. “What Is the Matter With Citizenship? A Turkish Debate.” Middle Eastern Studies 35 (4): 187–208.
İçişleri Bakanlığı. 1981. Türkiye Mülki İdare Bölümleri, 1 Kasım 1980 Durumu. Genel Yayın No: 408, Seri III, Sayı 4, Ankara.
İnsel, Ahmet, ed. 2001. Kemalizm. Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce II. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Judson, Pieter M. 2006. Guardians of the Nation: Activists on the Language Frontiers of Imperial Austria. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Kapferer, Bruce. 1988. Legends of People, Myths of State: Violence, Intolerance, and Political Culture in Sri Lanka and Australia. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Karpat, Kemal. 1963. “The People’s Houses in Turkey.” The Middle East Journal 17: 55–67.
Kasaba, Reşat. 1993. “Populism and Democracy in Turkey, 1946–1961.” In Rules and Rights in the Middle East: Democracy, Law, and Society, edited by Ellis Goldberg, Reşat Kasaba, and Joel S. Migdal, 43–68. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
Kasaba, Reşat 1994. “A Time and a Place for the Nonstate: Social Change in the Ottoman Empire During the ‘Long Nineteenth Century’.” In State Power and Social Forces: Domination and Transformation in the Third World, edited by Joel S. Migdal, Atul Kohli, and Vivienne Shue, 207–230. Cambridge University Press.
Kasaba, Reşat 2009. A Moveable Empire: Ottoman Nomads, Migrants, and Refugees. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
Kausch, Kristina.
2008.
Morocco: Negotiating Change with the Makhzen. Working Paper.
Madrid:FRIDE. Available at
www.fride.org (accessed May 2, 2008).
Kaya, Ferzende. 2003. Mezopotamya Sürgünü: Abdülmelik Fırat’ın Yaşam Öyküsü. Istanbul: Anka Yayınları.
Keyder, Çağlar. 1987. State and Class in Turkey: A Study in Capitalist Development. London: Verso.
el-Khatir, Aboulkacem. 2005. Nationalisme et Construction Culturelle de la Nation au Maroc: Processus et Réactions. PhD Dissertation, Écoles des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.
Khoury, Philip S. and Joseph Kostiner. 1990. “Introduction: Tribes and the Complexities of State Formation in the Middle East.” In Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, edited by Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner, 1–22. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
King, Gary and
Langche Zeng.
2001. “Replication Data for Improving Forecasts of State Failure.” Available at
http://gking.harvard.edu (accessed September 10, 2013).
Kirişci, Kemal. 2000. “Disaggregating Turkish Citizenship and Immigration Practices.”Middle Eastern Studies 36 (3): 1–22.
Kirişci, Kemal and Gareth M. Winrow. 1997. The Kurdish Question and Turkey: An Example of a Trans-state Ethnic Conflict. London, Portland, OR: Frank Cass.
Klein, Janet. 2007. “Kurdish Nationalists and Non-Nationalist Kurdists: Rethinking Minority Nationalism and the Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1909.” Nations and Nationalism 13 (1): 135–153.
Koca, Hüseyin. 1998. Yakın Tarihten Günümüze Hükümetlerin Doğu-Güneydoğu Anadolu Politikaları. Konya: Mikro Yayınları.
Koçak, Cemil. 2003. Umumi Müfettişlikler (1927–1952). Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Kohn, Hans. 1967. The Idea of Nationalism: A Study in Its Origins and Background. New York: Collier Books.
Kratochwil, Gabi. 1999. “Some Observations on the First World Amazigh Congress.” Die Welt des Islams 39 (2): 149–158.
Kudat, Ayşe. 1975. “Patron–Client Relations: The State of the Art and Research in Eastern Turkey.” In Political Participation in Turkey: Historical Background and Present Problems, edited by Engin Akarlı and Gabriel Ben-Dor, 61–87. Istanbul: Boğaziçi University Publications.
Kurban, Dilek. 2003. “Confronting Equality: The Need for Constitutional Protection of Minorities on Turkey’s Path to the European Union.” Columbia Human Rights Law Review 151 (35): 151–214.
Kutlay, Naci. 1994. 49’lar Dosyası. Istanbul: Fırat Yayınları.
Kutlay, Naci 1998. Anılarım. Istanbul: Avesta Yayınları.
Kymlicka, Will. 1995. Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Laitin, David. 1992. Language Repertoires and State Construction in Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Laitin, David 1998. Identity in Formation: The Russian-Speaking Populations in the Near Abroad. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Lamlili, Nadia. 2006. “La Bataille du Tamazight.” Tel Quel, September 9–15.
Lawrence, Adria. 2007. Imperial Rule and the Politics of Nationalism. PhD Dissertation, University of Chicago.
Layachi, Azzedine. 1998. State, Society, and Democracy in Morocco: The Limits of Associative Life. Washington, DC: Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University.
Layachi, Azzedine 2005. “The Berbers in Algeria: Politicized Ethnicity and Ethnicized Politics.” In Nationalism and Minority Identities in Islamic Societies, edited by Maya Shatzmiller, 195–228. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Lehtinen, Terhi. 2003. Nation à la Marge de l’État: La Construction Identitaire du Mouvement Culturel Amazigh dans l’Espace National Marocain et au-delà des Frontières Étatiques. PhD Dissertation, Paris: Écoles des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.
Le Matin du Sahara et du Maghreb. 2001. “L’amazighité Appartient à Tous les Marocains.” October 18.
Le Monde. 1984. “Le Prison de Diyarbakır: aux Extrêmes de l’Odieux.” March 17.
Le Reporter. 2006. “Entretien avec Ahmed Aâssid.” April 20.
Leveau, Rémy. 1976. Le Fellah Marocain: Défenseur du Trône. Paris: Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques.
Leveau, Rémy 1993. “Reflections on the State in the Maghreb.” In North Africa: Nation, State, and Region, edited by George H. Joffé, 247–265. New York: Routledge.
Lewendî, Malmîsanij and Mahmûd Lewendî. 1989. Rojnamegeriya Kurdi li Kurdistana Bakur û li Tirkiyê, 1908–1981. Uppsala, Sweden: Wesanên Jîna Nû.
Lewis, Bernard. 1968. The Emergence of Modern Turkey. Second Edition. London: Oxford University Press.
Lewis, William H. 1960. “Rural Administration in Morocco.”The Middle East Journal 14 (1): 45–60.
Linz, Juan J. 1993. “State Building and Nation Building.” European Review 1 (4): 355–369.
L’Opinion. 1994. “41ème Anniversaire de la Révolution du Roi et du Peuple.” August 22.
Lucas, Russell E. 2004. “Monarchical Authoritarianism: Survival and Political Liberalization in a Middle Eastern Regime Type.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 36 (1): 103–119.
Lust-Okar, Ellen. 2005. Structuring Conflict in the Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and Institutions. Cambridge University Press.
Lust-Okar, Ellen 2006. “Elections under Authoritarianism: Preliminary Lessons from Jordan.” Democratization 13: 456–471.
Lust-Okar, Ellen and Amaney A. Jamal. 2002. “Rulers and Rules: Reassessing the Influence of Regime Type on Electoral Law Formation.” Comparative Political Studies 35 (3): 337–366.
McDowall, David. 1996. A Modern History of the Kurds. London: I.B.Tauris.
Madani, Mohamed,
Driss Maghraoui, and
Saloua Zerhouni.
2012.
The 2011 Moroccan Constitution: A Critical Analysis.
Stockholm:
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Available at
www.idea.int/publications/the_2011_moroccan_constitution (accessed December 15, 2013).
Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce. 2001. “Contested Identities: Berbers, ‘Berberism’ and the State in North Africa.” The Journal of North African Studies 6 (3): 23–47.
Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce 2003. “Islamism, Moroccan-Style: The Ideas of Sheikh Yassine.”Middle East Quarterly 10 (1): 43–51.
Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce 2006. “Ethno-politics and Globalization in North Africa: The Berber Culture Movement.” The Journal of North African Studies 11 (1): 71–83.
Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce 2007. “Berber/Amazigh Memory Work.” In The Maghrib in the New Century: Identity, Religion and Politics, edited by Bruce Maddy-Weitzman and Daniel Zisenwine, 50–71. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.
Maddy-Weitzman, Bruce 2011. The Berber Identity Movement and the Challenge to North African States. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Malka, Haim and Jon B. Alterman. 2006. Arab Reform and Foreign Aid: Lessons From Morocco. Washington, DC: CSIS Press.
Malkki, Liisa H. 1995. Purity and Exile: Violence, Memory, and National Cosmology among Hutu Refugees in Tanzania. University of Chicago Press.
Mann, Michael. 1986. “The Autonomous Power of the State: Its Origins, Mechanisms, and Results.” In States in History, edited by John A. Hall, 109–136. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Marais, Octave. 1972. “The Political Evolution of the Berbers in Independent Morocco.” In Arabs and Berbers: From Tribe to Nation in North Africa, edited by Ernest Gellner and Charles Micaud, 277–283. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Marais, Octave 1973. “The Ruling Class in Morocco.” In Man, State, and Society in the Contemporary Maghrib, edited by I. William Zartman, 181–200. New York: Praeger Publishers.
Marcus, Aliza. 1990. “Hearts and Minds in Kurdistan.” Middle East Report 163: 41–42, 44.
Marcus, Aliza 2007. Blood and Belief: The PKK and the Kurdish Fight for Independence. New York University Press.
Marley, Dawn. 2004. “Language Attitudes in Morocco Following Recent Changes in Language Policy.” Language Policy 3 (1): 25–46.
Marx, Anthony. 2002. “The Nation-State and Its Exclusions.” Political Science Quarterly 117 (1): 103–126.
Matur, Bejan. 2011. Dağın Ardına Bakmak. Istanbul: Timaş Yayınları.
Mayer, Ann Elizabeth. 1993–94. “Moroccans: Citizens or Subjects? A People at the Crossroads.” NYU Journal of International Law and Politics 26: 63–105.
Mezran, Karim. 2002. Negotiating National Identity: The Case of the Arab States of North Africa. Rome: Antonio Pelicani.
Mezran, Karim 2007. Negotiation and Construction of National Identities. Leiden, Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Micaud, Charles. 1972. “Conclusion.” In Arabs and Berbers: From Tribe to Nation in North Africa, edited by Ernest Gellner and Charles Micaud, 433–438. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Migdal, Joel S. 1988. Strong Societies and Weak States: State–Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World. Princeton University Press.
Migdal, Joel S. 2001. State in Society: Studying How States and Societies Transform and Constitute One Another. Cambridge University Press.
Migdal, Joel S., Atul Kohli, and Vivienne Shue, eds. 1994. State Power and Social Forces: Domination and Transformation in the Third World. Cambridge University Press.
Miller, Susan Gibson. 2013. A History of Modern Morocco. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Milliyet. 2003. “Rodi’nin Adı Yok.” February 13.
Milliyet 2010. “26 Yılın Kanlı Bilançosu.” June 24.
Miroğlu, Orhan. 2005. Hevsel Bahçesinde Bir Dut Ağacı: Canip Yıldırım’la Söyleşi. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Muller, Mark. 1996. “Nationalism and the Rule of Law in Turkey: The Elimination of Kurdish Representation During the 1990s.” In The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s, edited by Robert Olson, 173–200. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.
Mutlu, Servet. 2001. “Economic Bases of Ethnic Separatism in Turkey: An Evaluation of Claims and Counterclaims.” Middle Eastern Studies 37 (4): 101–135.
Natali, Denise. 2005. The Kurds and the State: Evolving National Identity in Iraq, Turkey, and Iran. Syracuse University Press.
Nokta. 1986. “Düşünemeyecek Kadar Sporla Meşgul Ediyorum.” October 26.
Nokta 1987a. “Zozan Oldu Suzan.” February 15.
Nokta 1987b. “Bir Kürt Sorunu Var.” May 9.
Nokta 1988a. “Zozanların Yasağı da Kalktı.” February 14.
Nokta 1988b. “Arabeskin Kürtçesi.” March 27.
Nokta 1988c. “Resmi Bir Itiraf: Kürtler Azınlıktır.” June 19.
Nokta 1990. “Kürtçeye Özgürlük.” June 3.
Nokta 1991. “10 Milyon Kürt Yarattık.” February 10.
Nokta 1994. “Kürtçe Sözlü Hafif Türk Müzigi.” May 1–7.
Nugent, David. 1994. “Building the State, Making the Nation: The Basis and Limits of State Centralization in ‘Modern’ Peru.” American Anthropologist 96 (2): 333–369.
Öktem, Kerem.
2008. “
The Nation’s Imprint: Demographic Engineering and the Change of Toponyes in Republican Turkey.”
European Journal of Turkish Studies 7. Available at
http://ejts.revues.org/2243 (accessed October 17, 2009).
Okutan, Nuri. 1964. “Kıyafet.” Demokrat Türkiye, April 6.
Olson, Robert. 1989. The Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism and the Sheikh Said Rebellion, 1880–1925. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Olson, Robert, ed. 1996. The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky.
Olzak, Susan. 2006. The Global Dynamics of Racial and Ethnic Mobilization. Stanford University Press.
Onur, Necmi. 1979. Unuttuğumuz Doğu. Istanbul: Serhat Dağıtım Yayınları.
Oran, Baskın. 2004. Türkiye’de Azınlıklar: Kavramlar, Lozan, İç Mevzuat, İçtihat, Uygulama. Istanbul: TESEV Yayınları.
Özgen, Neşe. 2003. Van-Özalp ve 33 Kurşun Olayı, Toplumsal Hafızanın Unutma ve Hatırlama Biçimleri. Istanbul: TUSTAV.
Özgürlük Yolu. 1977a. “Dergimiz ve Yayınlarımız Üzerinde Artan Baskılar,” 2 (23), April.
Özgürlük Yolu 1977b. “Kürtçe Yayın Yapma Hakkı Engellenemez,” 3 (30), November.
Özoğlu, Hakan. 2001. “Nationalism and Kurdish Notables in the Late Ottoman–Early Republican Era.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 33 (3): 383–409.
Özoğlu, Hakan 2004. Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Öztürkmen, Arzu. 1994. “The Role of People’s Houses in the Making of National Culture in Turkey.” New Perspectives on Turkey 11: 159–181.
Palazzoli, Claude, ed. 1974. Le Maroc Politique: de L’Indépendance à 1973. Paris: Sindbad.
Preece, Jennifer Jackson. 1997. “Minority Rights in Europe: From Westphalia to Helsinki.”Review of International Studies 23: 75–92.
el-Qadéry, Mustapha. 1995. L’État National et les Berbères: Le Cas du Maroc. Mythe Colonial et Négation Nationale. PhD Dissertation, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier III.
Rachid, Lhoussain. 2005. The Memory Imprint: Amazigh Landmarks in the National Culture. Translated by Mohamed Ouakrime. Rabat: Publications de l’IRCAM.
Rachik, Hassan. 2003. Symboliser la Nation: Essai sur l’Usage des Identités Collectives au Maroc. Casablanca: Editions Le Fennec.
Rachik, Hassan 2006. “Construction de l’Identité Amazighe.” In Usages de l’Identité Amazighe au Maroc, edited by Hassan Rachik, 13–66. Casablanca: Imprimerie Najah el Jadida.
Radikal. 2002. “Baran, Serhat Yasaklı.” March 4.
Radikal İki. 1998. “Yirmiiki Dilden Müzik.” January 25.
Resmi Gazete. 1983. “Türkçeden Başka Dillerde Yapılacak Yayınlar Hakkında Kanun.” No. 18199, October 22.
Robins, Philip. 1993. “The Overlord State: Turkish Policy and the Kurdish Issue.” International Affairs 69 (4): 657–676.
Rollinde, Marguerite. 2003. “La Marche Verte: un Nationalisme Royal aux Couleurs de l’Islam.”Le Mouvement Social 202: 133–151.
Romano, David. 2006. The Kurdish Nationalist Movement: Opportunity, Mobilization, and Identity. Cambridge University Press.
Ross, Marc Howard. 2007. Cultural Contestation in Ethnic Conflict. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sabahi, Seyed Farian. 2001. “The Literacy Corps in Pahlavi Iran (1963–1979): Political, Social, and Literary Implications.” Cahiers d’Études sur la Méditerranée Orientale et le Monde Turco-Iranien 31: 191–222.
Safran, William. 2004. “Introduction: The Political Aspects of Language – Special Issue: Language, Ethnic Identity, and the State.” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 10 (1): 1–14.
Saib, Jilali, ed. 2004. La Presse Amazighe État des Lieux et Perspectives d’Avenir. Rabat: Publications de l’IRCAM.
Sater, James N. 2007. Civil Society and Political Change in Morocco. New York: Routledge.
Sayarı, Sabri. 1977. “Political Patronage in Turkey.” In Patrons and Clients in Mediterranean Societies, edited by Ernest Gellner and John Waterbury, 103–113. London: Duckworth.
Scott, James C. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Scott, James C. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Scott, James C. 2009. The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Scott, James C., John Tehranian, and Jeremy Mathias. 2002. “The Production of Legal Identities Proper to States: The Case of the Permanent Family Surname.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 44 (1): 4–44.
Seddon, David. 1981. Moroccan Peasants: A Century of Change in the Eastern Rif, 1870–1970. Folkestone: Dawson.
Sirles, Craig A. 1999. “Politics and Arabization: The Evolution of Postindependence North Africa.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 137 (1): 115–129.
Snyder, Jack. 2000. From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict. New York, London: W. W. Norton & Company.
Snyder, Richard. 1992. “Explaining Transitions from Neopatrimonial Dictatorships.” Comparative Politics 24 (4): 379–399.
Soifer, Hillel. 2008. “State Infrastructural Power: Approaches to Conceptualization and Measurement.” Studies in Comparative International Development 43: 231–251.
Somer, Murat. 2004. “Turkey’s Kurdish Conflict: Changing Context, and Domestic and Regional Implications.” The Middle East Journal 58 (2): 235–254.
Spruyt, Hendrik. 2002. “The Origins, Development, Possible Decline of the Modern State.” Annual Review of Political Science 5: 127–149.
Süphandağ, Kemal. 2001. Ağrı Direnişi ve Haydaranlılar. Istanbul: Fırat Yayınları.
Tapper, Richard. 1990. “Anthropologists, Historians, and Tribespeople on Tribe and State Formation in the Middle East.” In Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, edited by Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner, 48–73. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Tekeli, İlhan. 1990. “Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndan Günümüze Nüfusun Zorunlu Yer Değiştirmesi.” Toplum ve Bilim 50: 49–71.
Tel Quel. 2002–2003. “Hommage à Mohammed Chafik.” December 28–January 10.
Tel Quel 2007. “Histoire: Les Années de Plomb Version Amazighe.” February 10–16.
Tezel, Yahya Sezai. 1982. Cumhuriyet Dönemi İktisadi Tarihi. Ankara: Yurt Yayınevi.
Tibi, Bassam. 1990. “The Simultaneity of the Unsimultaneous: Old Tribes and Imposed Nation-States in the Modern Middle East.” In Tribes and State Formation in the Middle East, edited by Philip S. Khoury and Joseph Kostiner, 127–152. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Tilly, Charles. 1992. Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990–1990. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
Tilly, Charles 1994. “States and Nationalism in Europe 1492–1992.” Theory and Society 23 (1): 131–146.
Toksoy, Nurcan. 2007. Halkevleri: Bir Kültürel Kalkınma Modeli Olarak. Ankara: Orion Yayınevi.
Toprak, Binnaz. 1981. Islam and Political Development in Turkey. Leiden: Brill.
Torunlu, Lamia. 1993. “Özal ve Kürtler.” Nokta, April 17.
Tozy, Mohammed. 1993. “Islam and the State.” In Polity and Society in Contemporary North Africa, edited by I. William Zartman and William M. Habeeb, 102–122. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Turan, Murat. 2011. CHP’nin Doğu’da Teşkilatlanması (1923–1950). Istanbul: Libra.
Türkiye İnsan Hakları Vakfı. 1993. Örneklerle Türkiye İnsan Hakları Raporu 1992. Ankara: Türkiye İnsan Hakları Vakfı Yayınları.
Türkiye İnsan Hakları Vakfı 2003. Örneklerle Türkiye İnsan Hakları Raporu 2002. Ankara: Türkiye İnsan Hakları Vakfı Yayınları.
Türköz, Meltem F. 2004. The Social Life of the State’s Fantasy: Memories and Documents on Turkey’s 1934 Surname Law. PhD Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
Ülker, Erol.
2008. “
Assimilation, Security, and Geographical Nationalization in Interwar Turkey: The Settlement Law of 1934.”
European Journal of Turkish Studies 7. Available at
http://ejts.revues.org/2123 (accessed September 5, 2009).
Üngör, Uğur Ümit. 2011. The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913–1950. Oxford University Press.
Urfa İçin Hizmet. 1982a. “Okuma-Yazma Öğrenenlere Tohumluk ve Kredi Tahsisinde Öncelik Verilecek.” December 10.
Urfa İçin Hizmet 1982b. “Yatılı Okullarda Yemek Öncesinde, ‘Tanrımıza Hamdolsun Milletimiz Varolsun’ Denecek.” November 3.
Van Bruinessen, Martin. 1984. “The Kurds in Turkey.” MERIP Reports 121: 6–12, 14.
Van Bruinessen, Martin 1992. Agha, Shaikh, and State: The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan. London: Zed Books.
Varlık, M. Bülent, ed. 2010. Umumi Müfettişler Toplantı Tutanakları-1936. Ankara: Dipnot Yayınları.
Venema, Bernhard and A. Mguild. 2002. “The Vitality of Local Political Institutions in the Middle Atlas, Morocco.” Ethnology 41 (2): 103–117.
Vinogradov, Amal and John Waterbury. 1971. “Situations of Contested Legitimacy in Morocco: An Alternative Framework.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 13 (1): 32–59.
Vu, Tuong. 2010. “Studying the State Through State Formation.” World Politics 62 (1), 148–175.
Wagner, Daniel A. and Abdelhamid Lotfi. 1980. “Traditional Islamic Education in Morocco: Sociohistorical and Psychological Perspectives.”Comparative Education Review 24 (2): 238–251.
Waldner, David. 1999. State Building and Late Development. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Walter, Barbara. 2009. “Bargaining Failures and Civil War.” Annual Review of Political Science 12: 243–261.
Waltz, Susan. 1991. “Making Waves: The Political Impact of Human Rights Groups in North Africa.” The Journal of Modern African Studies 29 (3): 481–504.
Waltz, Susan 1995. Human Rights and Reform: Changing the Face of North African Politics. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Waterbury, John. 1970. The Commander of the Faithful: The Moroccan Political Elite – A Study in Segmented Politics. New York: Columbia University Press.
Watts, Nicole F. 2000. “Relocating Dersim: Turkish State-Building and Kurdish Resistance, 1931–1938.”New Perspectives on Turkey 23: 5–30.
Watts, Nicole F. 2010. Activists in Office: Kurdish Politics and Protest in Turkey. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
Weber, Eugen J. 1976. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870–1914. Stanford University Press.
Wedeen, Lisa. 1999. Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria. University of Chicago Press.
Weiss, Meredith Leigh. 2006. Protest and Possibilities: Civil Society and Coalitions for Political Change in Malaysia. Stanford University Press.
White, Jenny. 2013. Muslim Nationalism and the New Turks. Princeton University Press.
Willis, Michael J. 2012. Politics and Power in the Maghreb: Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco from Independence to the Arab Spring. New York: Columbia University Press.
Wimmer, Andreas. 2008. “The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: A Multilevel Process Theory.” American Journal of Sociology 113 (4): 970–1022.
Wimmer, Andreas, Lars-Erik Cederman, and Brian Min. 2009. “Ethnic Politics and Armed Conflict: A Configurational Analysis of a New Global Dataset.” American Sociological Review 74: 316–337.
Wyrtzen, Jonathan. 2009. Constructing Morocco: The Colonial Struggle to Define the Nation, 1912–1956. PhD Dissertation, Georgetown University.
Wyrtzen, Jonathan 2011. “Colonial State-Building and the Negotiation of Arab and Berber Identity in Protectorate Morocco.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 43 (2): 227–249.
Yacine, Rachida. 1993. “The Impact of the French Colonial Heritage on Language Policies in Independent North Africa.” In North Africa: Nation, State, and Region, edited by George Joffé, 221–232. London: Routledge.
Yalçın-Heckmann, Lale. 1990. “Kurdish Tribal Organization and Local Political Processes.” In Turkish State, Turkish Society, edited by Andrew Finkel and Nükhet Sirman, 289–312. London, New York: Routledge.
Yanık, Lerna K. 2006. “Nevruz or Newroz? Deconstructing the Invention of a Contested Tradition in Contemporary Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 42 (2): 285–302.
Yeğen, Mesut. 1996. “The Turkish State Discourse and the Exclusion of Kurdish Identity.” In Turkey: Identity, Democracy, Politics, edited by Sylvia Kedourie, 216–229. London, Portland, OR: Frank Cass.
Yeğen, Mesut 2004. “Citizenship and Ethnicity in Turkey.” Middle Eastern Studies 40 (6): 51–66.
Yeğen, Mesut 2007. “Turkish Nationalism and the Kurdish Question.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 30 (1): 119–151.
Yeni Gündem. 1986a. “Tunceli: Valinin Türk Yaylası.” February 21–March 9.
Yeni Gündem. 1986b. “İrşad Çıkarması.” November 9–15.
Yeni Gündem. 1988. “Eziyet Resmi Görev mi Oldu?” October 14–20.
Yıldırım, Tuğba, ed. 2010. Doğu Anadolu’da Toplumsal Mühendislik. Dersim-Sason (1934–1946). Necmeddin Sahir Sılan Arşivi-2. Istanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
Yıldırım, Tuğba, 2011. Kürt Sorunu ve Devlet: Tedip ve Tenkil Politikaları (1925–1947). Necmeddin Sahir Sılan Arşivi-3. Istanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
Yıldız, Ahmet. 2001. Ne Mutlu Türküm Diyebilene. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Yıldız, Kerim. 2005. The Kurds in Turkey: EU Accession and Human Rights. London: Pluto Press.
Yılmaz, Hale. 2013. Becoming Turkish: Nationalist Reforms and Cultural Negotiations in Early Republican Turkey, 1923–1945. Syracuse University Press.
Yücel, Müslüm. 1998. Tekzip: Kürt Basın Tarihi. Istanbul: Aram Yayınları.
Zahra, Tara. 2008. Kidnapped Souls: National Indifference and the Battle for Children in the Bohemian Lands, 1900–1948. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Zarakol, Ayşe. 2011. After Defeat: How the East Learned to Live with the West. Cambridge University Press.
Zartman, I. William. 1964. Morocco: Problems of New Power. New York: Atherton Press.
Zartman, I. William 1987. “King Hassan’s New Morocco.” In The Political Economy of Morocco, edited by I. William Zartman, 1–33. New York: Praeger.
Zeghal, Malika. 2008. Islamism in Morocco: Religion, Authoritarianism, and Electoral Politics. Translated by George Holoch. Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Publishers.
Zürcher, Erik J. 1998. Turkey: A Modern History. London: I.B.Tauris.
Zürcher, Erik J. 2004. “Institution Building in the Kemalist Republic: The Role of the People’s Party.” In Men of Order: Authoritarian Modernization under Ataturk and Reza Shah, edited by Erik J. Zürcher, 98–112. London, New York: I.B.Tauris.
Zürcher, Erik J. 2007. “The Ottoman Legacy of the Kemalist Republic.” In State and the Subaltern: Modernization, Society and the State in Turkey and Iran, edited by Touraj Atabaki, 95–110. London: I.B.Tauris.
Zürcher, Erik J. 2010. The Young Turk Legacy and Nation Building: From the Ottoman Empire to Atatürk’s Turkey. London: I.B.Tauris.
