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45 - Gastric cancer

from Part 3.1 - Molecular pathology: carcinomas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2015

By
Yoshiaki Ito  and
Khay Guan Yeoh
Edited by
Edward P. Gelmann ,
Charles L. Sawyers  and
Frank J. Rauscher, III
Yoshiaki Ito
Affiliation:
Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore
Khay Guan Yeoh
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
Edward P. Gelmann
Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York
Charles L. Sawyers
Affiliation:
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
Frank J. Rauscher, III
Affiliation:
The Wistar Institute Cancer Centre, Philadelphia
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Summary

Etiology

Although the worldwide incidence of gastric cancer has declined in recent years, it is still the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death in the world.

Environmental factors play critical roles in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, with the major risk factors being Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, diet, and smoking (1). H. pylori infection is the most important single risk factor for gastric cancer development and has been defined as a Class 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). Populations with high incidences of gastric cancer can be found in geographic areas with high prevalence of H. pylori infection. High salt intake, often due to traditional diet in the form of salted fish, is the best-documented dietary risk factor for atrophic gastritis (2).

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is correlated with Burkitt’s lymphoma in Africa and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in South-East Asia. In addition, this virus has been recognized as an etiological agent in 5–10% of gastric cancers (3). Infectious agents, therefore, play important causative roles in gastric carcinogenesis.

Type
Chapter
Information
Molecular Oncology
Causes of Cancer and Targets for Treatment
 , pp. 532 - 541
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

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  • Gastric cancer
    • By Yoshiaki Ito, Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Khay Guan Yeoh, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
  • Edited by Edward P. Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, Charles L. Sawyers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, Frank J. Rauscher, III
  • Book: Molecular Oncology
  • Online publication: 05 February 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139046947.046
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  • Gastric cancer
    • By Yoshiaki Ito, Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Khay Guan Yeoh, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
  • Edited by Edward P. Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, Charles L. Sawyers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, Frank J. Rauscher, III
  • Book: Molecular Oncology
  • Online publication: 05 February 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139046947.046
Available formats
×

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To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Gastric cancer
    • By Yoshiaki Ito, Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Center for Translational Medicine, Singapore, Khay Guan Yeoh, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
  • Edited by Edward P. Gelmann, Columbia University, New York, Charles L. Sawyers, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, Frank J. Rauscher, III
  • Book: Molecular Oncology
  • Online publication: 05 February 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139046947.046
Available formats
×