Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 105
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
February 2013
Print publication year:
2013
Online ISBN:
9781139136822

Book description

'Metaphor', a form of figurative language in which one thing or idea is expressed in terms of another, is becoming an increasingly popular area of study, as it is relevant to the work of semanticists, pragmatists, discourse analysts and also those working at the interface of language and literature and in other disciplines such as philosophy and psychology. This book provides a summary, critique and comparison of the most important theories on how metaphors are used and understood, drawing on research from linguistics, psychology and other disciplines. In order to ground the discussion in actual language use, the book uses examples from discourse, including casual conversations, political speeches, literature, humor, religion and science. Written in a non-technical style, the book includes clear definitions, examples, discussion questions and a glossary, making it ideal for graduate-level seminars.

Reviews

‘David Ritchie provides a broad, thought-provoking discussion of metaphor and its applications to the real world. His writing is highly accessible, making Metaphor suitable for a wide audience. Highly recommended!’

Jeannette Littlemore - University of Birmingham

‘David Ritchie's overview of theory and practice in metaphor studies will be really useful to students and others new to the field. It explains and illustrates a range of approaches to this exciting area.’

Lynne Cameron - The Open University

‘There is an amazing bounty of books on metaphor these days, and David Ritchie’s new volume is among the best. He tackles many of the enduring issues in metaphor scholarship, including debates on the functions of metaphor in thought, language, and the social world, by showing how metaphors work, and serve as resources for people, in an amazing array of discourse situations. Along the way, [he] offers important insights on different contemporary theories of metaphor, yet also nicely integrates research from cognitive science, to create a dynamic, context-sensitive account of how metaphorical ideas emerge in everyday life.’

Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr - University of California, Santa Cruz

'Metaphor by Ritchie is a stimulating book that gives an overview of current theories on metaphor and gives interesting insights about a widely studied topic. The book is agreeable to read and can be used both for study and reference. The use of examples taken from actual texts and the specific structure of the book make Ritchie’s work an appealing book in metaphor studies.'

Donatella Resta Source: The Linguist List

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

Bibliography
Abbott, H. P. (2008). The Cambridge introduction to narrative (2nd edn.). Cambridge University Press.
Al-Zahrani, A. (2008). Darwin’s metaphors revisited: Conceptual metaphors, conceptual blends, and idealized cognitive models in the theory of evolution. Metaphor and Symbol, 23, 50–82.
Anka, P. (1969). My way, first performed by Frank Sinatra on the album My Way. Music by Claude Francois and Jacques Revaux. Reprise Records.
Apter, M. J. (1991). A structural phenomenology of play. In Kerr, J. H., and Apter, M. J. (eds.), Adult play: A reversal theory approach. Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger, pp. 13–30.
Arkivoulis, D. E. (2008). The ways of stargazing: Newtonian metaphoricity in American foreign policy. In Carver, T., and Pikalo, J. (eds.), Political language and metaphor: Interpreting and changing the world. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 15–27.
Armstrong, L., and Middleton, V. (1949). Baby it’s cold outside. Lyrics by Frank Loesser (1944). Recorded live; currently available on Louis Armstrong: Christmas Through the Years. Los Angeles, CA: Delta Records.
Attardo, S. (1994). Linguistic theories of humor. Hawthorne, NY: Mouton de Gruyter.
Attardo, S. (2001). Humorous texts: A semantic and pragmatic analysis. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Barsalou, L. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 577–609.
Barsalou, L. (2007). Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 617–645.
Barsalou, L. (2008). Grounding symbolic operations in the brain’s modal systems. In Semin, G. R., and Smith, E. R. (eds.), Embodied grounding: Social, cognitive, affective, and neuroscientific approaches. Cambridge University Press, pp. 9–42.
Berra, Y. (2011). Quoted in The Baseball Almanac. . Last accessed April 9, 2011.
Billig, M. (2005). Laughter and ridicule: Towards a social critique of humour. London: Sage.
Biria, E. (2012). Figurative language in the immigration debate: Comparing early 20th century and current U.S. debate with the contemporary European debate. Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Communication. Portland, OR: PSU.
Black, M. (1993). More about metaphor. In Ortony, A. (ed.), Metaphor and thought, (2nd edn.). Cambridge University Press, pp. 19–41.
Blair, T. (2005). A fight we have to win. A speech to Labour’s Spring Conference. Gateshead: Sage Centre. . Last accessed September, 2006.
Blasko, D. G., and Connine, C. M. (1993). Effects of familiarity and aptness on metaphor processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 19, 295–308.
Bobrow, D., and Bell, S. (1973). On catching on to idiomatic expressions. Memory and Cognition, 1, 343–346.
Boroditsky, L., and Ramscar, M. (2002). The roles of body and mind in abstract thought. Psychological Science, 13, 185–189.
Bortfeld, H., and McGlone, M. S. (2001). The continuum of metaphor processing. Metaphor and Symbol, 16 (1 and 2), 75–86.
Bowdle, B. F., and Gentner, D. (2005). The career of metaphor. Psychological Review, 112, 193–216.
Bowen-Hassel, E. G., Conrad, D. M., and Hayes, M. L. (2003). Sea raiders of the American Revolution: The continental navy in European waters. Washington, DC: Naval Historical Center, p. 47. Online quote in the Naval Historical Center home page, . Last accessed April 9, 2011.
Boyed, R. (1979). Metaphor and theory change: What is a metaphor for? In Ortony, A. (ed.), Metaphor and thought. Cambridge University Press.
Brasch, W. (2007). Sinking the ship of State: The presidency of George W. Bush. North Charleston, SC: Booksurge.
Brock, T. C., Strange, J. J., and Green, M. C. (2002). Power beyond reckoning: An introduction to narrative impact. In Green, M. C., Strange, J. J., and Brock, T. C. (eds.), Narrative impact: Social and cognitive foundations. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 1–15.
Brône, G., and Feyaerts, K. (2004). Assessing the SSTH and GTVH: A view from cognitive linguistics. Humor – International Journal of Humor Research, 17, 361–372.
Bruner, J. (2002). Making stories: Law, literature, life. New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux.
Burke, K. (1945). A grammar of motives. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Cameron, L. J. (principal investigator). (2006). Procedure for metaphor analysis. The Metaphor Analysis Project. Milton Keynes, Bucks: Open University Centre for Research in Education and Educational Technology. . Last accessed December 15, 2010.
Cameron, L. J. (2003). Metaphor in educational discourse. London: Continuum.
Cameron, L. J. (2007). Patterns of metaphor use in reconciliation talk. Discourse and Society, 18, 197–222.
Cameron, L. J. (2008). Metaphor and talk. In Gibbs, R.W. (ed.), The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. Cambridge University Press, pp. 197–211.
Cameron, L. J. (2009). Metaphor and reconciliation. New York: Routledge.
Cameron, L. J. (2011). Metaphor and reconciliation. New York: Routledge.
Cameron, L. J., and Deignan, A. (2003). Using large and small corpora to investigate tuning devices around metaphor in spoken discourse. Metaphor and Symbol, 18, 149–160.
Cameron, L. J., and Ritchie, L. D. (forthcoming). Learning from failure: Deliberative empathy in a police–community meeting.
Campbell, J. (1949). The hero with a thousand faces. Princeton University Press.
Campbell, J. D., and Katz, A. N. (2006). On reversing the topics and vehicles of metaphor. Metaphor and Symbol, 21, 1–22.
Cannon, C. J. (1923). Selecting citizens. The North American Review, 217, 325–333.
Carroll, L. (1872). Jabberwocky, from Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There. . Last accessed April 9, 2011.
Carston, R. (2002). Thoughts and utterances: The pragmatics of explicit communication. Oxford: Blackwell.
Carter, R. (2004). Language and creativity: The art of common talk. New York: Routledge.
Carver, T., and Pikalo, J. (2008). Editors’ introduction. In Carver, T., and Pikalo, J. (eds.), Political language and metaphor: Interpreting and changing the world. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 1–11.
Chiappe, D. L., and Kennedy, J. M. (2001). Literal bases for metaphor and simile. Metaphor and Symbol, 16, 249–276.
Chiappe, D. L., Kennedy, J. M., and Smykowski, T. (2003). Reversibility, aptness, and the conventionality of metaphors and similes. Metaphor and Symbol, 18, 85–105.
Channell, J. (1994). Vague language. Oxford University Press.
Charteris-Black, J. (2005). Politicians and rhetoric: The persuasive power of metaphor. Basingstoke, Hants: Palgrave Macmillan.
Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. The Hague and Paris: Mouton.
Cienki, A. (2008). The application of conceptual metaphor theory to political discourse: Methodological questions and some possible solutions. In Carver, T., and Pikalo, J. (eds.), Political language and metaphor: Interpreting and changing the world. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 241–256.
Cienki, A., and Müller, C. (2008). Metaphor and gesture. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Clark, A. (1997). Being there: Putting brain, body, and world together again. Cambridge, MA: MIT.
Clark, H. H. (1996). Using language. Cambridge University Press.
Cohen, L. (1967). One of Us Cannot Be Wrong. In Songs of Leonard Cohen. New York: Columbia Records.
Cohen, L. (1969). Songs from a room. New York: Columbia Records.
Coleman, C. L., and Ritchie, L. D. (2011). Examining metaphors in bio-political discourse. Lodz Papers in Pragmatics, 7, 29–59.
Conan Doyle, A. (1984). The case of the copper beeches. In Coyle, A. C., Great cases of Sherlock Holmes. Franklin Center, PA: Franklin Library, pp. 205–233.
Cook, G. (2000). Language play, language learning. Oxford University Press.
Coulson, S. (2001). Semantic leaps: Frame-shifting and conceptual blending in meaning construction. Cambridge University Press.
Darlington, T. (1906). The medico-economic aspect of the immigration problem. The North American Review, 576, 731–740.
Davenport, J., and Cooley, E. (1956). Fever. Fort Knox Music.
Deignan, A. (2005). Metaphor and corpus linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Deignan, A., and Semino, E. (2010). Corpus techniques for metaphor analysis. In Metaphor analysis: Research practice in applied linguistics, social sciences and the humanities. London: Equinox.
Dickinson, E. (1960). Because I could not stop for Death. In Williams, O. (ed.), Immortal poems of the English Language. New York: Washington Square Press, p. 443.
Dunbar, R. (1996). Grooming, gossip, and the evolution of language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Edwards, D. (1997). Discourse and cognition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Everts, E. (2003). Identifying a particular family humor style: A sociolinguistic discourse analysis. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 16, 369–412.
Fagen, R. (1995). Animal play, games of angels, biology, and Brian. In Pellegrini, A. D. (ed.), The future of play theory: A multidisciplinary inquiry into the contributions of Brian Sutton-Smith. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, pp. 23–44.
Fauconnier, G. (1994). Mental spaces: Aspects of meaning construction in natural language. Cambridge University Press.
Fauconnier, G., and Turner, M. (1998). Conceptual integration networks. Cognitive Science, 22(2), 133–187.
Fauconnier, G., and Turner, M. (2002). The way we think: Conceptual blending and the mind’s hidden complexities. New York: Basic Books.
Feldman, J. A. (2006). From molecule to metaphor: A neural theory of language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Fine, G. A., and DeSoucey, M. (2005). Joking cultures: Humor themes as social regulation in group life. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 18, 1–21.
Flor, M., and Hadar, U. (2005). The production of metaphoric expressions in spontaneous speech: A controlled-setting experiment. Metaphor and Symbol, 20, 1–34.
Frost, R. (1923). Stopping by woods on a snowy evening. In Lathem, E. C. (ed.), The Poetry of Robert Frost. New York: Henry Holt.
Frost, R. (1960). The road not taken. In Williams, O. (ed.), Immortal poems of the English language. New York: Washington Square Press, p. 504.
Gamson, W. A. (1992). Talking politics. Cambridge University Press.
Gentner, D. (1983). Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy. Cognitive Science, 7, 155–170.
Gentner, D., and Bowdle, B. F. (2001). Convention, form, and figurative language processing. Metaphor and Symbol, 16, 223–247.
Gentner, D., and Clement, C. (1988). Evidence for relational selectivity in the interpretation of analogy and metaphor. In Bower, G. (ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation. San Diego, CA: Academic, pp. 307–358.
Gernsbacher, M. A., Keysar, B., Robertson, R. W., and Werner, N. K. (2001). The role of suppression and enhancement in understanding metaphors. Journal of Memory and Language, 45, 433–450.
Gerrig, R. J. (1993). Experiencing narrative worlds: On the psychological activities of reading. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Gibbs, R. W., Jr. (1994). Figurative thought and figurative language. In Gernsbacher, M. A. (ed.), Handbook of Psycholinguistics. New York: Academic Press, pp. 411–446.
Gibbs, R. W., Jr. (2000). Making good psychology out of blending theory. Cognitive Linguistics, 11, 347–358.
Gibbs, R. W. (2006). Metaphor interpretation as embodied simulation. Mind and Language, 21, 434–458.
Gibbs, R. W. (2008). Metaphor and thought: The state of the art. In Gibbs, R. W. (ed.), The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. Cambridge University Press, pp. 3–16.
Gibbs, R. W., Jr., and Matlock, T. (2008). Metaphor, imagination, and simulation: Psycholinguistic evidence. In Gibbs, R. W. (ed.), The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. Cambridge University Press, pp. 161–176.
Gibbs, R. W., Jr., and Tendahl, M. (2006). Cognitive effort and effects in metaphor comprehension: Relevance theory and psycholinguistics. Mind and Language, 21, 379–403.
Giora, R. (1997). On the priority of salient meanings: Studies of literal and figurative language. Journal of Pragmatics, 31, 919–929.
Giora, R. (2003). On our mind: Salience, context, and figurative language. Oxford University Press.
Giora, R., Fein, O., Kronrod, A., Elnatan, I., Shuval, N., and Zur, A. (2004). Weapons of mass distraction: Optimal innovation and pleasure ratings. Metaphor and Symbol, 19, 115–141.
Glucksberg, S. (2001). Understanding figurative language. Oxford University Press.
Glucksberg, S. (2008). How metaphors create categories – quickly. In Gibbs, R. W. (ed.), The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. Cambridge University Press, pp. 67–83.
Glucksberg, S., Gildea, P., and Bookin, H. A. (1982). On understanding nonliteral speech: Can people ignore metaphors?Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21, 85–98.
Glucksberg, S., and Haught, C. (2006). On the relation between metaphor and simile: When comparison fails. Mind and Language, 21, 360–378.
Glucksberg, S., and Keysar, B. (1990). Understanding metaphorical comparisons: Beyond similarity. Psychological Review, 97, 3–18.
Glucksberg, S., and Keysar, B. (1993). How metaphors work. In Ortony, A. (ed.), Metaphor and thought (2nd edn.). Cambridge University Press, pp. 401–424.
Glucksberg, S., Keysar, B., and McGlone, M. S. (1992). Metaphor understanding and accessing conceptual schema: Reply to Gibbs (1992). Psychological Review, 99, 578–581.
Glucksberg, S., and McGlone, M. S. (1999). When love is not a journey: What metaphors mean. Journal of Pragmatics, 31, 1541–1558.
Glucksberg, S., McGlone, M. S., and Manfredi, D. (1997). Property attribution in metaphor comprehension. Journal of Memory and Language, 36, 50–67.
Glucksberg, S., Newsome, M. R., and Goldvarg, Y. (2001). Inhibition of the literal: Filtering metaphor-irrelevant information during metaphor comprehension. Memory and Symbol, 16, 277–294.
Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. New York: Anchor Books.
Grady, J. E. (1997). THEORIES ARE BUILDINGS revisited. Cognitive Linguistics, 8, 267–290.
Grady, J., Taub, S., and Morgan, P. (1996). Primitive and compound metaphors. In Goldberg, A. (ed.), Conceptual structure, discourse and language. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications, pp. 177–187.
Graesser, A. C., Olde, B., and Klettke, B. (2002). How does the mind construct and represent stories? In Green, M. C., Strange, J. J., and Brock, T. C. (eds.), Narrative impact: social and cognitive foundations. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 229–262.
Green, M. C. (2004). Transportation into narrative worlds: The role of prior knowledge and perceived realism. Discourse Processes, 38, 247–266.
Green, M. C., and Brock, T. C. (2000). The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79, 701–721.
Green, M. C., and Brock, T. C. (2002). In the mind’s eye: Transportation-imagery model of narrative persuasion. In Green, M. C., Strange, J. J., and Brock, T. C. (eds.), Narrative impact: social and cognitive foundations. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 315–342.
Grofman, B. (1989). Richard Nixon as Pinocchio, Richard II, and Santa Claus: The use of allusion in political satire. The Journal of Politics, 51, 165–173.
Gruner, C. W. (1997). The game of humor: A comprehensive theory of why we laugh. London: Transaction.
Haider, M. (2011). Ship of state needs more women at the helm. . Last accessed December 7, 2011.
Harris-Lacewell, M. V. (2004). Barbershops, Bibles, and BET: Everyday talk and Black political thought. Princeton University Press.
Haught, C., and Glucksberg, S. (2004). When old sharks are not old pros: Metaphors are not similes. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Minneapolis, MN.
Hemingway, E. (1924). In our time. Paris: Three Mountains Press. [Subsequently reissued by Scribners’ in 1959 and 1969.]
Hemingway, E. (1987). The complete short stories of Ernest Hemingway. New York: Charles Scribners’.
Holmes, J., and Marra, M. (2002). Over the edge? Subversive humor between colleagues and friends. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 15, 65–87.
Honohan, I. (2008). Metaphors of solidarity. In Carver, T., and Pikalo, J. (eds.), Political language and metaphor: Interpreting and changing the world. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 69–82.
Howe, J. (2008). Argument is argument: An essay on conceptual metaphor and verbal dispute. Metaphor and Symbol, 23, 1–23.
Huizinga, J. (1955). Homo ludens; a study of the play-element in culture. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
Hurley, M. M., Dennett, D. C., and Adams, R. B., Jr. (2011). Inside jokes: Using humor to reverse-engineer the mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Indurkhya, B. (1999). Creativity of metaphor in perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 621–622.
Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. University of Chicago Press.
Katz, A. N., and Taylor, T. E. (2008). The journeys of life: Examining a conceptual metaphor with semantic and episodic memory recall. Metaphor and Symbol, 23: 148–173.
Keats, J. (1962). Poems and selected letters. New York: Bantam.
Kerr, J. A., and Apter, M. J. (eds.) (1991). Adult play: A reversal theory approach. Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger.
Keysar, B., and Bly, B. M. (1999). Swimming against the current: Do idioms reflect conceptual structure?Journal of Pragmatics, 31, 1559–1578.
Keysar, B., and Glucksberg, S. (1992). Metaphor and communication. Poetics Today, 13(4), 633–658.
Kintsch, W. (1998). Comprehension: A paradigm for cognition. Cambridge University Press.
Kintsch, W. (2008). How the mind computes the meaning of metaphor: A simulation based on LSA. In Gibbs, R.W., Jr. (ed.), The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. Cambridge University Press, pp. 129–142.
Klatsky, R. L., Pellegrino, J. W., McCloskey, B. P., and Doherty, S. (1989). Can you squeeze a tomato? The role of motor representations in semantic sensibility judgments. Journal of Memory and Language, 28, 56–77.
Koller, V. (2004). Metaphor and gender in business media discourse: A critical cognitive study. Basingstoke, Hants: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kövecses, Z. (1990). Emotion concepts. New York: Springer.
Kövecses, Z. (2002). Metaphor: A practical introduction. Oxford University Press.
Kövecses, Z. (2005). Metaphor in culture: Universality and variation. Cambridge University Press.
Kruskal, J. B., and Wish, M. (1981). Multidimensional scaling. Beverly Hills, CA and London: Sage Publications.
Lakoff, G. (1993). The contemporary theory of metaphor. In Ortony, A. (ed.), Metaphor and thought (2nd edn.). Cambridge University Press, pp. 202–251.
Lakoff, G. (1996). Moral politics: What conservatives know that liberals don’t. University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G., and Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G., and Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the flesh: The embodied mind and its challenge to western thought. New York: Basic Books.
Lakoff, G., and Kövecses, Z. (1987). The cognitive model of anger inherent in American English. In Holland, D., and Quinn, N. (eds.), Cultural models in language and thought. Cambridge University Press, pp. 195–221.
Lakoff, G., and Nunez, R. E. (2000). Where mathematics comes from: How the embodied mind brings mathematics into being. New York: Basic Books.
Lakoff, G., and Sweetser, E. (1994). Forward to Fauconnier, G., Mental spaces: Aspects of meaning construction in natural language. Cambridge University Press.
Lakoff, G., and Turner, M. (1989). More than cool reason: A field guide to poetic metaphor. University of Chicago Press.
Landauer, T. K., and Dumais, S. T. (1997). A solution to Plato’s problem: The latent semantic analysis theory of acquisition induction, and representation of knowledge. Psychological Review, 104, 211–240.
Lear, E. (1871). The owl and the pussy-cat. Available online on the Edward Lear homepage, . Last accessed April 9, 2011.
Lieber, J., and Wheeler, B. E. (1963). Jackson. Nashville, TN: Kapp Records.
Louwerse, M. M. (2007). Symbolic or embodied representations: A case for symbol interdependency. In Landauer, T. K., McNamara, D. S., Dennis, S., and Kintsch, W. (eds.), Handbook of latent semantic analysis. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 107–120.
Maalej, Z. (2004). Figurative language in anger expressions in Tunisian Arabic: An extended view of embodiment. Metaphor and Symbol, 19, 51–75.
MacArthur, F. (2005). The competent horseman in a horseless world: Observations on a conventional metaphor in Spanish and English. Metaphor and Symbol, 20, 71–94.
Maeda, E., and Ritchie, L. D. (2004). The concept of shinyuu in Japan: A replication of and comparison to Cole and Bradac’s study on U.S. friendship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20, 579–598.
Mansbridge, J. (1999). Everyday talk in the deliberative system. In Macedo, S. (ed.), Deliberative politics: Essays on democracy and disagreement. New York: Oxford University Press.
Martin, R. A. (2007). The Psychology of humor: An integrative approach. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
McCanlies, T. (Director) (2003). Second-hand lions. New Line Cinema.
McLaughlin, A. J. (1903). The American’s distrust of the immigrant. Popular Science Monthly, 62, 230–236.
Meier, B. P., and Robinson, M. D. (2005). The metaphorical representation of affect. Metaphor and Symbol, 20, 239–257.
Meyrowitz, J. (1985). No sense of place: The impact of electronic media on social behaviour. New York: Oxford University Press.
Müller, C. (2008). Metaphors dead and alive, sleeping and waking: A dynamic view. University of Chicago Press.
Musolff, A. (2004). Metaphor and political discourse: Analogical reasoning in debates about Europe. Basingstoke, Hants: Palgrave Macmillan.
Nerlich, B. (2003). Metaphor, science and the media [online]. . Last accessed September, 2008.
Nerlich, B., Johnson, S., and Clarke, D. D. (2003). The first ‘designer baby’: The role of narratives, cliches and metaphors in the year 2000 media debate. Science as Culture, 12, 471–498.
Niedenthal, P. M., Barsalou, L. W., Winkielman, P., Krauth-Gruber, S., and Ric, F. (2005). Embodiment in attitudes, social perception, and emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 184–211.
Nishishiba, M., and Ritchie, L. D. (2000). The concept of trustworthiness: A cross-cultural comparison between Japanese and U.S. business people. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 28(4), 347–367.
Norrick, N. R. (1993). Conversational joking: Humor in everyday talk. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Norrick, N. R. 2003). Issues in conversational joking. Journal of Pragmatics, 35, 1333–1359.
Obama, B. (2008) “A More Perfect Union,” Philadelphia, PA, March 18, 2008.
O’Brien, G. V. (2003). Indigestible food, conquering hordes, and waste materials: Metaphors of immigrants and early immigration restriction debate in the United States. Metaphor and Symbol, 18, 33–47.
Obst, P. (2003). Grief as a journey. . Last accessed May 10, 2011.
Ortony, A. (1993). Metaphor, language, and thought. In Ortony, A. (ed.), Metaphor and thought (2nd edn.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–18.
Pan, Z., and Kosicki, G. M. (1997). Priming and media impact on the evaluations of the president’s performance. Communication Research, 24, 3–30.
Papenfuss, M. (2011). Pirate party storms German ship of State. . Posted September 20, 2011. Last accessed December 7, 2011.
Perlmutter, D. D. (2002). On incongruities and logical inconsistencies in humor: The delicate balance. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 15, 155–168.
Pierotti, J. (1973). President Richard Nixon as Pinocchio – cartoon drawing. New York Post, June 8. The Granger Collection, Image No. 0085370. . Last accessed October 29, 2011.
Pinker, S. (2011). The better angels of our nature: Why violence has declined. New York: Viking.
Plester, B. A., and Sayers, J. (2007). “Taking the piss”: Functions of banter in the IT industry. Humor: International Journal of Humor Research, 20,157–187.
Pragglejaz Group (2007). MIP: A method for identifying metaphorically used words in discourse. Metaphor and Symbol, 22, 1–39. [The letters stand for the first names of the ten co-authors.]
Price, V., Tewksbury, D., and Powers, E. (1997). Switching trains of thought: The impact of news frames on reader’s cognitive responses. Communication Research 24, 481.
Raskin, V. (1985). Semantic mechanisms of humor. Boston, MA: D. Reidel.
Raskin, V., and Attardo, S. (1994). Non-literalness and non-bona-fide in language: An approach to formal and computational treatments of humor. Pragmatics and Cognition, 2(1), 31–69.
Reddy, M. J. (1993). The conduit metaphor: A case of frame conflict in our language about language. In Ortony, A. (ed.), Metaphor and thought (2nd edn.). Cambridge University Press, pp. 164–201.
Richards, I. A. (1936). The philosophy of rhetoric. London: Oxford University Press.
Ringmar, E. (2008). Metaphors of social order. In Carver, T., and Pikalo, J. (eds.), Political language and metaphor: Interpreting and changing the world. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 57–68.
Ritchie, L. D. (1986). Shannon and Weaver: Unravelling the paradox of information. Communication Research, 13, 278–298.
Ritchie, L. D. (1991). Communication concepts 2: Information. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Ritchie, L. D. (2003a). Categories and similarities: A note on circularity. Metaphor and Symbol, 18, 49–53.
Ritchie, L. D. (2003b). “ARGUMENT IS WAR” – Or is it a game of chess? Multiple meanings in the analysis of implicit metaphors. Metaphor and Symbol, 18, 125–146.
Ritchie, L. D. (2004). Lost in “Conceptual Space”: Metaphors of Conceptual Integration. Metaphor and Symbol, 19, 31–50.
Ritchie, L. D. (2005). Frame-shifting in humor and irony. Metaphor and Symbol, 20, 275–294.
Ritchie, L. D. (2006). Context and connection in metaphor. Basingstoke, Hants: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ritchie, L. D. (2008a). Gateshead revisited: The integrative function of ambiguous metaphors in a tricky political situation. Metaphor and Symbol, 23, 24–49.
Ritchie, L. D. (2008b). X IS A JOURNEY: Embodied simulation in metaphor interpretation. Metaphor and Symbol, 23, 174–199.
Ritchie, L. D. (2009a). Relevance and simulation in metaphor. Metaphor and Symbol, 24, 249–262.
Ritchie, L. D. (2009b). Distributed cognition and play in the quest for the double helix. In Pishwa, H. (ed.), Language and social cognition. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 289–323.
Ritchie, L. D. (2009c). Review of Metaphor and Gesture edited by Alan Cienki and Cornelia Mueller. Metaphor and Symbol, 25, 121–123.
Ritchie, L. D. (2010a). “Everybody goes down”: Metaphors, stories, and simulations in conversations. Metaphor and Symbol, 25, 123–143.
Ritchie, L. D. (2010b). Metaphors and simulations in conversational storytelling. Presented at the 8th International Conference on Researching and Applying Metaphor (RaAM), Amsterdam, June 30 – July 3, 2010.
Ritchie, L. D. (2011a). “Justice is blind”: A model for analyzing metaphor transformations and narratives in actual discourse. Metaphor and the Social World, 1, 70–89.
Ritchie, L. D. (2011b). “You’re lying to Jesus!” Humor and play in a discussion about homelessness. Humor 24, 481–511.
Ritchie, L. D. (2011c). Why the block is the block: Reinforcing community through casual conversation. Metaphor and the Social World, 1, 240–261.
Ritchie, L. D. (2012). Metaphor and stories in discourse about personal and social change. In Wagoner, B., Jensen, E., and Oldmeadow, J. (eds.), Culture and social change: Transforming society through the power of ideas. A volume in Advances in Cultural Psychology, Valsiner, J. (series ed.). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishers.
Ritchie, L. D., and Dyhouse, V. (2008). FINE AS FROG’S HAIR: Three models for the development of meaning in figurative language. Metaphor and Symbol, 23, 85–107.
Ritchie, L. D., and Schell, C. (2009). “The ivory tower” on an “unstable foundation”: Playful language, humor, and metaphor in the negotiation of scientists’ identities. Metaphor and Symbol, 24, 90–104.
Roberts, K. (1924). Slow poison. The Saturday Evening Post, 196(31), 8–9, 54, 58.
Sandburg, C. (1919). Fog. . Last accessed April 15, 2011.
Sasson, T. (1995). Crime talk: How citizens construct a social problem. New York: Aldine De Gruyter.
Schank, R. C., and Abelson, R. P. (1995). Knowledge and memory: The real story. In Wyer, R. S. (ed.), Advances in social cognition, vol. VIII: Knowledge and memory: The real story. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 1–86.
Schank, R. C., and Berman, T. R. (2002). The pervasive role of stories in knowledge and action. In Green, M. C., Strange, J. J., and Brock, T. C. (eds.), Narrative impact: Social and cognitive foundations. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 287–314.
Schneider, S. G. (2008). Exploring the metaphorical (de-)construction of legitimacy: A comparison of legitimation discourses in American and British newspapers. In Carver, T., and Pikalo, J. (eds.), Political language and metaphor: Interpreting and changing the world. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 83–101.
Schön, D. A. (1993). Generative metaphor: A perspective on problem-setting in social policy. In Ortony, A. (ed.), Metaphor and thought, (2nd edn. [1st edn. 1979]). Cambridge University Press, pp. 137–163.
Schubert, T. (2005). Your highness: Vertical positions as conceptual symbols of power. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 1–21.
Schubert, T. W., Waldzus, S., and Seibt, B. (2008). The embodiment of power and communalism in space and bodily contact. In Semin, G., and Smith, E. R. (eds.), Embodied grounding: Social, cognitive, affective, and neuroscientific approaches. (Chapter 7.) Cambridge University Press.
Searle, J. R. (1993). Metaphor. In Ortony, A. (ed.), Metaphor and thought (2nd edn. [1st edn. 1979]), pp. 83–111. Cambridge University Press.
Semino, E. (2008). Metaphor in discourse. Cambridge University Press.
Semino, E. (2010). Descriptions of pain, metaphor, and embodied simulations. Metaphor and Symbol, 25, 205–226.
Shakespeare, W. (1961). When forty winters shall besiege thy brow (Sonnet 2). In Bush, D., and Harbage, A. (eds.), Shakespeare’s sonnets. New York: Penguin, p. 24.
Shapiro, L. (2010). Embodied cognition. Hoboken, NJ: Taylor & Francis.
Sharifian, F., Dirven, R., Yu, N., and Neiemier, S. (eds.) (2008). Culture, body, and language: Conceptualizations of internal body organs across cultures and languages. New York: Mouton De Gruyter.
Shelley, M. W. (1969). Frankenstein; or The modern Prometheus. London: Oxford University Press.
Sherzer, J. (2002). Speech play and verbal art. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Snyder, G. (1969). Turtle Island. New York: New Directions.
Spender, S. (1955). Seascape. Collected poems, 1928–1953. New York: Random House. Available online: . Last accessed April 15, 2011.
Sperber, D., and Wilson, D. ([1986] 1995). Relevance: Communication and cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Sperber, D., and Wilson, D. (2008). A deflationary account of metaphors. In Gibbs, R.W., Jr. (ed.), The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought. Cambridge University Press, pp. 84–105.
Span, Steeleye (1975). Dance with me. (Traditional folk ballad.) From the album All Around My Hat, London: Chrysalis Records.
Steen, G. (2008). The paradox of metaphor: Why we need a three-dimensional model of metaphor. Metaphor and Symbol, 23: 213–241.
Stenvoll, D. (2008). Slippery slopes in political discourse. In Carver, T., and Pikalo, J. (eds.), Political language and metaphor: Interpreting and changing the world. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 28–40.
Stephenson, W. (1967). The play theory of mass communication. University of Chicago Press.
Sutton-Smith, B. (1995). Conclusion: The persuasive rhetorics of play. In Pellegrini, A. D. (ed.), The future of play theory: A multidisciplinary inquiry into the contributions of Brian Sutton-Smith. Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 275–296.
Taylor, S., and Littleton, K. (2006). Biographies in talk: A narrative-discursive research approach. Qualitative Sociology Review, 2(1), 22–38.
Thibodeau, P. H., and Boroditsky, L. (2011). Metaphors we think with: The role of metaphor in reasoning. PLoS ONE 6(2): e16782. doi:. . Last accessed May 3, 2011.
Thomas, D. (2011). “Go not gentle into that good night.” . Last accessed May 11, 2011.
Torreano, L. A., Cacciari, C., and Glucksberg, S. (2005). When dogs can fly: Level of abstraction as a cue to metaphorical use of verbs. Metaphor and Symbol, 20, 259–274.
Tourangeau, R., and Rips, L. (1991). Interpreting and evaluating metaphors. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 452–472.
Tracy, K. (1997). Interactional trouble in emergency service requests: A problem of Frames. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 30, 315–343.
Vaid, J., Hull, R., Heredia, R., Gerkens, D., and Martinez, F. (2003). Getting a joke: The time course of meaning activation in verbal humor. Journal of Pragmatics, 35, 1431–1449.
Van Hulst, M. J. (2008). Love and life in Heart-less Town: Or, the use of metaphor in local planning. In Carver, T., and Pikalo, J. (eds.), Political language and metaphor: Interpreting and changing the world. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 212–224.
Veale, T., and O’Donoghue, D. (2000). Computation and Blending. Cognitive Linguistics, 11, 253–281.
Vega Moreno, R. E. (2007). Creativity and convention: The pragmatics of everyday figurative speech. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Vertessen, D., and de Landtscheer, C. L. (2008). A metaphorical election style: Use of metaphor at election time. In Carver, T., and Pikalo, J. (eds.), Political language and metaphor: Interpreting and changing the world. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 271–285.
Vervaeke, J., and Kennedy, J. M. (1996). Metaphors in language and thought: Falsification and multiple meanings. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 11(4), 273–284.
Watson, J. D. (1968). The double helix. New York: Penguin.
Werth, P. (1999). Text worlds: Representing conceptual space in discourse. London: Longman.
Williams, L. E., and Bargh, J. A. (2008). Temperature to temperament: Warm objects alter personality impressions. Unpublished manuscript, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Wilson, D., and Carston, R. (2006). Metaphor, relevance and the ‘emergent property’ issue. Mind and Language, 21, 404–433.
Wilson, D., and Sperber, D. (2004). Relevance theory. In Horn, L. R., and Ward, G. (eds.), The handbook of pragmatics. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 607–632.
Wilson, N., and Gibbs, R. W., Jr. (2007). Real and imagined body movement primes metaphor comprehension. Cognitive Science, 31, 721–731.
Yanow, D. (2008). Cognition meets action: Metaphors as models of and models for. In Carver, T., and Pikalo, J. (eds.), Political language and metaphor: Interpreting and changing the world. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 225–237.
Yus, F. (2003). Humor and the search for relevance. Journal of Pragmatics, 35, 1295–1331.
Zhong, C.-B., and Leonardelli, G. J. (2008). Cold and lonely: Does social exclusion literally feel cold?Psychological Science, 19, 838–842.
Zhong, C.-B., and Liljenquist, K. (2006). Washing away your sins: Threatened morality and physical cleansing. Science, 313: 1451–1452.
Zillmann, D., and Cantor, J. R. (1976). A disposition theory of humor and mirth. In Chapman, T., and Foot, H. (eds.), Humor and laughter: Theory, research, and applications. London: Wiley, pp. 93–115.
Zwaan, R. A., and Taylor, L. (2006). Seeing, acting, understanding: Motor resonance in language comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135, 1–11.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.