This book set out to examine the values, assumptions and guiding principles that underpin the growing adoption of LCRs in global energy markets, as well as how questions of social exclusion, gender injustice, corruption, lack of transparency and inadequate stakeholder engagement in LCR formulation and implementation have been, and could be better, addressed. This final chapter reviews salient themes discussed and highlights directions for future action and research.

There are few regulatory measures and instruments that have divided opinion in global energy markets in the twenty-first century more than LCRs. Existing studies in the field have satisfactorily compiled the meaning, nature and scope of LCRs as a revolutionary and innovative regulatory measure that could unlock the competitiveness of the local economy, while allowing a country to strengthen its national industry and achieve other social benefits.