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14 - Cartel Defection in the Philippines through Leniency

Incentives Jeopardised by Discretionary Decision-Making Power

from Part III - Leniency Programmes in Selected Asian Jurisdictions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2022

Steven Van Uytsel
Affiliation:
Kyushu University, Japan
Mark Fenwick
Affiliation:
Kyushu University, Japan
Yoshiteru Uemura
Affiliation:
Hannan University, Japan
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Summary

This chapter introduces one of the more recent leniency programmes in Asia. Due to the dual enforcement structure, the Philippines has developed two different leniency programmes, one administered by the Philippine Competition Commission and one by the Office for Competition of the Department of Justice (DOJ-OFC). Whereas the latter is only applicable in criminal proceedings, the former applies to administrative, criminal and civil proceedings. The chapter argues that both leniency programmes are generous. However, discretionary powers of the enforcement agencies and the possibility of carving employees out of the leniency application diminish the attractiveness of leniency programmes. Uncertainty about the outcome of a leniency application has, in general, not been well accepted by cartel participants. It can therefore be predicted that, no matter how generous the leniency programmes are, there will be no race to the enforcement agencies’ doors.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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