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22 - Introduction to the human γ-herpesviruses

from Part II - Basic virology and viral gene effects on host cell functions: gammaherpesviruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Richard Longnecker  and
Frank Neipel
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Richard Longnecker
Affiliation:
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA
Frank Neipel
Affiliation:
Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University of Erlangen, Germany
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Introduction

This chapter will provide a brief background into the γ-herpesviruses family in comparison to other members of the herpesvirus family; but the primary focus of this chapter will be to recount the discovery of the two human γ-herpesviruses (EBV and KSHV) and the diseases associated with infection of each virus, a brief introduction into their life cycles, and finally a description of the genome characteristics of the viruses including a description of their respective genomes. In many ways, the discovery and association with human diseases for both EBV and KSHV have many parallels despite almost three decades separating their discoveries and association with human disease.

The γ-herpesvirus family

The γ-herpesviruses are a subfamily of herpesviruses that were first distinguished by their cellular tropism for lymphocytes. Subsequent molecular phylogenetic analyses have confirmed the close relationship among these viruses that is distinct from the α- and β-herpesviruses subfamilies (Fig. 22.1). Gammaherpesvirinae is currently divided into two genera, Lymphocryptoviridae which includes human Epstein–Barr virus (EBV or HHV 4) and Rhadinoviridae, which includes human Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV 8). Recent studies suggest that primate rhadinoviruses can be further subdivided in KSHV -like viruses, a second closely related but distinct lineage of Old World primate viruses related to the rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV), and the New World monkey rhadinoviruses represented by herpesvirus saimiri (HVS). A more detailed analysis of the non-human γ-herpesviruses will be discussed in Chapters 60 and 61.

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 341 - 359
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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