This chapter explores the evidence behind which hormone tests should be a mandatory prerequisite for all women about to undergo their first cycle of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. The traditional hormones used for assessment of ovarian reserve include early follicular phase FSH/estradiol, serum inhibin B, and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH). While serum AMH appears to be an excellent marker of quantitative ovarian reserve, it appears to have very limited usefulness as a marker of oocyte quality. Hormone assessments of ovarian reserve should not be used to judge oocyte quality, but only to predict qualitative ovarian reserve. Serum AMH measurements can be used to predict patients response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in their first cycle of IVF and individualize their treatment regime. Patients identified as having abnormal thyroid function should have this corrected before commencing IVF treatment so as optimize IVF embryology and pregnancy outcomes.