To compare the effectiveness of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), one should make this comparison for ovulation induction then for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. This chapter compares rFSH with hMG in cryothawed cycles. A cost-effectiveness study of hMG compared to rFSH in a developing country setting was conducted which demonstrated that hMG is more cost-effective than rFSH. The cost saving using highly purified (HP)-hMG remained after varying model parameters in a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Recently a long acting rFSH, corifollitropin alfa, has been proposed to be a suitable substitution for daily rFSH administration in women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF/ICSI cycles. hMG and rFSH have been used to improve sperm parameters in idiopathic male infertility with the goal of increasing pregnancy rates.