Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Editor, Associate Editors, Artistic Consultant, and Contributors
- Preface
- PART I CONTEXT
- PART II ENDOTHELIAL CELL AS INPUT-OUTPUT DEVICE
- PART III VASCULAR BED/ORGAN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
- 121 Introductory Essay: The Endothelium in Health and Disease
- 122 Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Model to Probe the Biology of the Vascular Endothelium
- 123 Blood–Brain Barrier
- 124 Brain Endothelial Cells Bridge Neural and Immune Networks
- 125 The Retina and Related Hyaloid Vasculature: Developmental and Pathological Angiogenesis
- 126 Microheterogeneity of Lung Endothelium
- 127 Bronchial Endothelium
- 128 The Endothelium in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- 129 The Central Role of Endothelial Cells in Severe Angioproliferative Pulmonary Hypertension
- 130 Emphysema: An Autoimmune Vascular Disease?
- 131 Endothelial Mechanotransduction in Lung: Ischemia in the Pulmonary Vasculature
- 132 Endothelium and the Initiation of Atherosclerosis
- 133 The Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell
- 134 Hepatic Macrocirculation: Portal Hypertension As a Disease Paradigm of Endothelial Cell Significance and Heterogeneity
- 135 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 136 The Vascular Bed of Spleen in Health and Disease
- 137 Adipose Tissue Endothelium
- 138 Renal Endothelium
- 139 Uremia
- 140 The Influence of Dietary Salt Intake on Endothelial Cell Function
- 141 The Role of the Endothelium in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Sepsis
- 142 The Endothelium in Cerebral Malaria: Both a Target Cell and a Major Player
- 143 Hemorrhagic Fevers: Endothelial Cells and Ebola-Virus Hemorrhagic Fever
- 144 Effect of Smoking on Endothelial Function and Cardiovascular Disease
- 145 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- 146 Thrombotic Microangiopathy
- 147 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
- 148 Sickle Cell Disease Endothelial Activation and Dysfunction
- 149 The Role of Endothelial Cells in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- 150 Diabetes
- 151 The Role of the Endothelium in Normal and Pathologic Thyroid Function
- 152 Endothelial Dysfunction and the Link to Age-Related Vascular Disease
- 153 Kawasaki Disease
- 154 Systemic Vasculitis Autoantibodies Targeting Endothelial Cells
- 155 High Endothelial Venule-Like Vessels in Human Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
- 156 Endothelium and Skin
- 157 Angiogenesis
- 158 Tumor Blood Vessels
- 159 Kaposi's Sarcoma
- 160 Endothelial Mimicry of Placental Trophoblast Cells
- 161 Placental Vasculature in Health and Disease
- 162 Endothelialization of Prosthetic Vascular Grafts
- 163 The Endothelium's Diverse Roles Following Acute Burn Injury
- 164 Trauma-Hemorrhage and Its Effects on the Endothelium
- 165 Coagulopathy of Trauma: Implications for Battlefield Hemostasis
- 166 The Effects of Blood Transfusion on Vascular Endothelium
- 167 The Role of Endothelium in Erectile Function and Dysfunction
- 168 Avascular Necrosis: Vascular Bed/Organ Structure and Function in Health and Disease
- 169 Molecular Control of Lymphatic System Development
- 170 High Endothelial Venules
- 171 Hierarchy of Circulating and Vessel Wall–Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells
- PART IV DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
- PART V CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
- Index
- Plate section
140 - The Influence of Dietary Salt Intake on Endothelial Cell Function
from PART III - VASCULAR BED/ORGAN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 May 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Editor, Associate Editors, Artistic Consultant, and Contributors
- Preface
- PART I CONTEXT
- PART II ENDOTHELIAL CELL AS INPUT-OUTPUT DEVICE
- PART III VASCULAR BED/ORGAN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
- 121 Introductory Essay: The Endothelium in Health and Disease
- 122 Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Model to Probe the Biology of the Vascular Endothelium
- 123 Blood–Brain Barrier
- 124 Brain Endothelial Cells Bridge Neural and Immune Networks
- 125 The Retina and Related Hyaloid Vasculature: Developmental and Pathological Angiogenesis
- 126 Microheterogeneity of Lung Endothelium
- 127 Bronchial Endothelium
- 128 The Endothelium in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- 129 The Central Role of Endothelial Cells in Severe Angioproliferative Pulmonary Hypertension
- 130 Emphysema: An Autoimmune Vascular Disease?
- 131 Endothelial Mechanotransduction in Lung: Ischemia in the Pulmonary Vasculature
- 132 Endothelium and the Initiation of Atherosclerosis
- 133 The Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell
- 134 Hepatic Macrocirculation: Portal Hypertension As a Disease Paradigm of Endothelial Cell Significance and Heterogeneity
- 135 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 136 The Vascular Bed of Spleen in Health and Disease
- 137 Adipose Tissue Endothelium
- 138 Renal Endothelium
- 139 Uremia
- 140 The Influence of Dietary Salt Intake on Endothelial Cell Function
- 141 The Role of the Endothelium in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Sepsis
- 142 The Endothelium in Cerebral Malaria: Both a Target Cell and a Major Player
- 143 Hemorrhagic Fevers: Endothelial Cells and Ebola-Virus Hemorrhagic Fever
- 144 Effect of Smoking on Endothelial Function and Cardiovascular Disease
- 145 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- 146 Thrombotic Microangiopathy
- 147 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
- 148 Sickle Cell Disease Endothelial Activation and Dysfunction
- 149 The Role of Endothelial Cells in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- 150 Diabetes
- 151 The Role of the Endothelium in Normal and Pathologic Thyroid Function
- 152 Endothelial Dysfunction and the Link to Age-Related Vascular Disease
- 153 Kawasaki Disease
- 154 Systemic Vasculitis Autoantibodies Targeting Endothelial Cells
- 155 High Endothelial Venule-Like Vessels in Human Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
- 156 Endothelium and Skin
- 157 Angiogenesis
- 158 Tumor Blood Vessels
- 159 Kaposi's Sarcoma
- 160 Endothelial Mimicry of Placental Trophoblast Cells
- 161 Placental Vasculature in Health and Disease
- 162 Endothelialization of Prosthetic Vascular Grafts
- 163 The Endothelium's Diverse Roles Following Acute Burn Injury
- 164 Trauma-Hemorrhage and Its Effects on the Endothelium
- 165 Coagulopathy of Trauma: Implications for Battlefield Hemostasis
- 166 The Effects of Blood Transfusion on Vascular Endothelium
- 167 The Role of Endothelium in Erectile Function and Dysfunction
- 168 Avascular Necrosis: Vascular Bed/Organ Structure and Function in Health and Disease
- 169 Molecular Control of Lymphatic System Development
- 170 High Endothelial Venules
- 171 Hierarchy of Circulating and Vessel Wall–Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells
- PART IV DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
- PART V CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
- Index
- Plate section
Summary
The past two decades of endothelium-related research have altered our concepts of the function of this organ significantly. Endothelial cells (ECs) are metabolically active input–output sensors that detect and respond to mechanical and biochemical changes in the extracellular environment. Recent work has further promoted the concept that the endothelium can react to changes in dietary NaCl (also referred to as salt in this chapter) intake independently of blood pressure through changes in the extracellular milieu, particularly shear force. EC function appears to be a critical factor involved in the vascular response to changes in salt intake.
DIETARY SALT ALTERS ENDOTHELIAL CELL PRODUCTION OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-β AND NITRIC OXIDE
Initial studies examined the effect of salt intake on production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the kidney. Expression of all three mammalian TGF-β family members – TGF-β1, β2, and β3 – increased in renal cortical tissue from rats fed a diet containing 8.0% NaCl (high salt), compared to tissue from rats maintained on a 0.3% NaCl (low salt) diet (1). Subsequent experiments focused on production of TGF-β1. Steady state mRNA levels and production of total and active TGF-β1 were increased in glomerular preparations (1) and aortic rings (2) from rats on the high-salt diet, compared to preparations from rats on the low-salt diet. Increased TGF-β1 levels were no longer detected when aortic ring preparations were denuded of their endothelium, demonstrating that the endothelium was the source of the TGF-β1. Immunohistochemical analyses of aorta from rats on the high-salt, but not low-salt, diet revealed increased nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated Smad2/3 in the EC lining (Figure 140.1A), suggesting that TGF-β1 is signaling in ECs.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Endothelial Biomedicine , pp. 1287 - 1293Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2007