Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Editor, Associate Editors, Artistic Consultant, and Contributors
- Preface
- PART I CONTEXT
- PART II ENDOTHELIAL CELL AS INPUT-OUTPUT DEVICE
- PART III VASCULAR BED/ORGAN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
- 121 Introductory Essay: The Endothelium in Health and Disease
- 122 Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Model to Probe the Biology of the Vascular Endothelium
- 123 Blood–Brain Barrier
- 124 Brain Endothelial Cells Bridge Neural and Immune Networks
- 125 The Retina and Related Hyaloid Vasculature: Developmental and Pathological Angiogenesis
- 126 Microheterogeneity of Lung Endothelium
- 127 Bronchial Endothelium
- 128 The Endothelium in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- 129 The Central Role of Endothelial Cells in Severe Angioproliferative Pulmonary Hypertension
- 130 Emphysema: An Autoimmune Vascular Disease?
- 131 Endothelial Mechanotransduction in Lung: Ischemia in the Pulmonary Vasculature
- 132 Endothelium and the Initiation of Atherosclerosis
- 133 The Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell
- 134 Hepatic Macrocirculation: Portal Hypertension As a Disease Paradigm of Endothelial Cell Significance and Heterogeneity
- 135 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 136 The Vascular Bed of Spleen in Health and Disease
- 137 Adipose Tissue Endothelium
- 138 Renal Endothelium
- 139 Uremia
- 140 The Influence of Dietary Salt Intake on Endothelial Cell Function
- 141 The Role of the Endothelium in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Sepsis
- 142 The Endothelium in Cerebral Malaria: Both a Target Cell and a Major Player
- 143 Hemorrhagic Fevers: Endothelial Cells and Ebola-Virus Hemorrhagic Fever
- 144 Effect of Smoking on Endothelial Function and Cardiovascular Disease
- 145 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- 146 Thrombotic Microangiopathy
- 147 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
- 148 Sickle Cell Disease Endothelial Activation and Dysfunction
- 149 The Role of Endothelial Cells in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- 150 Diabetes
- 151 The Role of the Endothelium in Normal and Pathologic Thyroid Function
- 152 Endothelial Dysfunction and the Link to Age-Related Vascular Disease
- 153 Kawasaki Disease
- 154 Systemic Vasculitis Autoantibodies Targeting Endothelial Cells
- 155 High Endothelial Venule-Like Vessels in Human Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
- 156 Endothelium and Skin
- 157 Angiogenesis
- 158 Tumor Blood Vessels
- 159 Kaposi's Sarcoma
- 160 Endothelial Mimicry of Placental Trophoblast Cells
- 161 Placental Vasculature in Health and Disease
- 162 Endothelialization of Prosthetic Vascular Grafts
- 163 The Endothelium's Diverse Roles Following Acute Burn Injury
- 164 Trauma-Hemorrhage and Its Effects on the Endothelium
- 165 Coagulopathy of Trauma: Implications for Battlefield Hemostasis
- 166 The Effects of Blood Transfusion on Vascular Endothelium
- 167 The Role of Endothelium in Erectile Function and Dysfunction
- 168 Avascular Necrosis: Vascular Bed/Organ Structure and Function in Health and Disease
- 169 Molecular Control of Lymphatic System Development
- 170 High Endothelial Venules
- 171 Hierarchy of Circulating and Vessel Wall–Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells
- PART IV DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
- PART V CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
- Index
- Plate section
163 - The Endothelium's Diverse Roles Following Acute Burn Injury
from PART III - VASCULAR BED/ORGAN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 May 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Editor, Associate Editors, Artistic Consultant, and Contributors
- Preface
- PART I CONTEXT
- PART II ENDOTHELIAL CELL AS INPUT-OUTPUT DEVICE
- PART III VASCULAR BED/ORGAN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
- 121 Introductory Essay: The Endothelium in Health and Disease
- 122 Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Model to Probe the Biology of the Vascular Endothelium
- 123 Blood–Brain Barrier
- 124 Brain Endothelial Cells Bridge Neural and Immune Networks
- 125 The Retina and Related Hyaloid Vasculature: Developmental and Pathological Angiogenesis
- 126 Microheterogeneity of Lung Endothelium
- 127 Bronchial Endothelium
- 128 The Endothelium in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- 129 The Central Role of Endothelial Cells in Severe Angioproliferative Pulmonary Hypertension
- 130 Emphysema: An Autoimmune Vascular Disease?
- 131 Endothelial Mechanotransduction in Lung: Ischemia in the Pulmonary Vasculature
- 132 Endothelium and the Initiation of Atherosclerosis
- 133 The Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell
- 134 Hepatic Macrocirculation: Portal Hypertension As a Disease Paradigm of Endothelial Cell Significance and Heterogeneity
- 135 Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- 136 The Vascular Bed of Spleen in Health and Disease
- 137 Adipose Tissue Endothelium
- 138 Renal Endothelium
- 139 Uremia
- 140 The Influence of Dietary Salt Intake on Endothelial Cell Function
- 141 The Role of the Endothelium in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome and Sepsis
- 142 The Endothelium in Cerebral Malaria: Both a Target Cell and a Major Player
- 143 Hemorrhagic Fevers: Endothelial Cells and Ebola-Virus Hemorrhagic Fever
- 144 Effect of Smoking on Endothelial Function and Cardiovascular Disease
- 145 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- 146 Thrombotic Microangiopathy
- 147 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia
- 148 Sickle Cell Disease Endothelial Activation and Dysfunction
- 149 The Role of Endothelial Cells in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
- 150 Diabetes
- 151 The Role of the Endothelium in Normal and Pathologic Thyroid Function
- 152 Endothelial Dysfunction and the Link to Age-Related Vascular Disease
- 153 Kawasaki Disease
- 154 Systemic Vasculitis Autoantibodies Targeting Endothelial Cells
- 155 High Endothelial Venule-Like Vessels in Human Chronic Inflammatory Diseases
- 156 Endothelium and Skin
- 157 Angiogenesis
- 158 Tumor Blood Vessels
- 159 Kaposi's Sarcoma
- 160 Endothelial Mimicry of Placental Trophoblast Cells
- 161 Placental Vasculature in Health and Disease
- 162 Endothelialization of Prosthetic Vascular Grafts
- 163 The Endothelium's Diverse Roles Following Acute Burn Injury
- 164 Trauma-Hemorrhage and Its Effects on the Endothelium
- 165 Coagulopathy of Trauma: Implications for Battlefield Hemostasis
- 166 The Effects of Blood Transfusion on Vascular Endothelium
- 167 The Role of Endothelium in Erectile Function and Dysfunction
- 168 Avascular Necrosis: Vascular Bed/Organ Structure and Function in Health and Disease
- 169 Molecular Control of Lymphatic System Development
- 170 High Endothelial Venules
- 171 Hierarchy of Circulating and Vessel Wall–Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells
- PART IV DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
- PART V CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
- Index
- Plate section
Summary
It is estimated that each year in the United States, 1.25 million burn injuries occur, and it is known that between 60,000 and 80,000 people require in-hospital care for their burns, and that 1.4 people per 100,000 of the population will die as a result of a burn (1). Morbidity from a burn also may be considerable and includes disfigurement as well as the possibility of permanent impairment of functional abilities. The cost of hospital care for a patient with flame burns and/or smoke inhalation injury ranges from $29,560 to $117,506 (USD) per patient, whereas the cost of a single fire-related death, including loss of future earning potential, is estimated at between $250,000 and $1 million (1). It should be readily apparent then, that burn injuries are a major source of morbidity, mortality, and financial loss.
The endothelium, which at the outset might seem to be a relatively minor player in the complex overall picture of a burn injury, in fact has a major role in the pathophysiology that follows a burn. The thesis of this chapter is that the burn wound should be conceptualized as a dynamic “organ,” and that the endothelium within this organ, in concert with the coagulation, fibrinolytic, and inflammatory pathways, is responsible for many of the local as well as systemic derangements that follow a burn.
Thermal injury to the skin and soft tissues acutely produces local damage at the site of the injury and systemic derangements distant from the injury. Although heat itself is the initial insult at the injury site, the host response to the heat-induced injury is responsible for both ongoing local tissue damage, as well as numerous remote pathophysiological alterations.
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- Endothelial Biomedicine , pp. 1506 - 1512Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2007